Judgments about economic development. Economic growth and development social studies test (grade 11) on the topic
Paths of economic growth
1. The director of company Z decided to open a new production line. Which of the following in the list may indicate that we are talking about intensive economic growth of company Z? Write it downnumbers , under which they are indicated.
1) use of resource-saving technologies
2) growth in the volume of consumed raw materials
3) opening of several assembly lines
4) retraining of employees
5) introduction of scientific developments into production
6) increase in staff of workers
2. Establish a correspondence between examples and types of economic growth for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Example of growth
A) increasing the volume of output by attracting additional labor
B) GDP growth due to increased production and export of raw materials
C) increasing the volume of output by improving the skills of workers
D) increasing agricultural production due to the introduction of previously unused land into circulation
D) increasing sales volume due to the introduction of new technologies for transportation and storage
Growth type
1) intensive growth
2) extensive growth
3. In country T, the intensive path of economic development predominates. Which of the following factors indicate this?
1) increase in labor productivity
2) low inflation
3) employment growth
4) growth in household savings
5) increasing the share of high-tech goods in exports
6) dissemination of resource-saving technologies
4. The economy of country K is developing mainly in an extensive way. Which of the following factors indicate this? Write it downnumbers , under which they are indicated.
1) high inflation
2) the share of revenues from the sale of minerals in the state budget increases
3) depreciation national currency
4) the growth of agricultural production occurs due to the introduction of new lands into circulation
5) decrease in labor productivity
6) active attraction of additional labor from other countries
5. Select the correct statements about economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Economic growth is a quantitative change in a country’s production system
2. Extensive economic growth is accompanied by qualitative improvements in the structure and functions of the production system of one level or another
3. Intensive economic growth occurs without qualitative changes in production systems
4. Economic growth can occur without development: the number of goods increases, but there are no qualitative changes in production
5. Factors of economic growth, including the quantity and quality of natural and labor resources
6. Select the correct statements about economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Extensive economic growth is ensured through more rational use of the previous volume of resources
2. Economic growth is facilitated by an increase in the scale of production to a certain limit, which allows saving resources and increasing production volumes
3. Intensive factors of economic growth include an increase in the physical capital of firms
4. Intensive factor of growth and development modern economy is high quality human capital
5. Stable economic growth is possible through widespread innovation
7. Establish a correspondence between factors and types of economic growth: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Factors of economic growth
A) commissioning of additional equipment
B) inviting foreign workers
C) discovery of new mineral deposits
D) improving the qualifications of workers
D) consolidation of production, economies of scale
Types of economic growth
1. Intense
2. Extensive
8. Select the correct judgments about the manifestations of intensive economic growth. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Economic growth was achieved as a result of rational organization of production
2. As a result additional loan the enterprise ensures the growth of production
3. The introduction of a modern, more productive production line contributed to an increase in labor productivity
4. The company carries out exploration and development of new deposits of non-ferrous metals
5. The company’s personnel were trained in new techniques for processing information
9. Establish a correspondence between the types of economic growth and concrete examples, illustrating them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Examples
A) a tea producing company hired additional women to collect tea leaves on its plantations
B) an oil producing company began developing a new oil field, having depleted the old one
C) a vegetable farm hired students and students for temporary work in the summer to collect cucumbers and zucchini
D) a Japanese company modernized its car assembly line
D) due to the use of innovative technologies at the enterprise, labor productivity has increased significantly
Types of Economic Growth
1. Intense
2. Extensive
10. Select the correct statements about economic growth and development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. The wealth of the country and the well-being of every citizen depend on economic growth
2. Economic growth is the long-term trend of increasing real GDP
3. Intensive economic growth is generated through the efficient use of fixed assets
4. The growth in consumption of raw materials and fuel is a factor of intensive growth
5. Factors of extensive economic growth include the use of achievements of scientific and technological progress
11. Select the correct judgments about the factors of intensive economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Attracting additional labor of the same qualifications made it possible to increase the volume of output
2. Construction of new industrial enterprises of the same technical level is a factor of intensive economic growth
3. Expansion of sown areas with a constant material and technical base using previously used plant varieties helps to increase the volume of harvested crops
4. Increasing the scale of production by improving the quality of its factors, increasing the level of qualifications of workers made it possible to produce 1.5 times more products
5. The introduction of new agricultural machines into practice made it possible to save on fuel, lubricants and spare parts, as a result, the cost of potato production decreased
12. Establish a correspondence between manifestations of development and paths of economic growth: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Manifestations of development
A) rational organization of production
B) increase interest rate on loan
C) introduction of a more productive technological line
D) exploration of new deposits of non-ferrous metals
D) training staff in new techniques for processing information
Paths of economic growth: 1. Extensive 2. Intensive
Answers
1. 145
2. 22121
3. 156
4. 246
5. 145
6. 245
7. 22211
8. 235
9. 22211
10. 123
11. 45
Can be used when reviewing the topic "Economics" in preparation for the Unified State Exam. A selection of tests from various sources contains tasks of all types of tasks encountered in the exam. There is a training option and a control option.
“Control on the topic of Economics with answers”
Control on the topic “Economics”.
| Factor of production | Characteristic |
| ………………………… | |
Answer: labor
Answer: commercial organization
1)
numbers s, under which they
digital
numbers , under which they are indicated.
numbers, under which they are indicated.
numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: 345.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF COSTS OF A COMPANY
B) transportation costs
D) fuel costs
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
SIGNS TYPES ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
D) balanced
D) creeping
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
B) consumer expectations
D) prices of related goods
D) number of producers
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: 12112
D) redundant
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
fras, under which they are indicated.
1) stagnant 4) cyclic
2) frictional 5) seasonal
3) structural c) hidden
Answer: 135.
digital ry under which they are listed.
6) Studies the economy of the region.
S numbers, p under which they are indicated.
1) consumer income growth
S R - the price of the product, Q -
Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.
1) growth in income of the population
3) increase in pork prices
)
D R - product price. Q
S 1 . (On the chart R - the price of the product, Q
4) growth in income of the population
R- the price of the product, Q -
1) growth in consumer income
one
List of terms:
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one
List of terms:
The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the chosen vamp word in the table under each letter.
Words in in once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.
List of terms:
1) loan 4) investment 7) property
To record answers to tasks in this part (21-29), use ANSWER FORM No. 2
First write down the number of the task (21. 22, etc.), and then a detailed answer to it. Write down your answers clearly and legibly.
V
O.I.
market economy.
Answer: (As examples of state regulation of a market economy, the following can be cited: a reduction by the Central Bank of the discount rate of interest (regulation of monetary relations); an increase in indirect taxes on a number of goods (regulation of taxation); adoption of a law on increasing minimum size wages ( legal regulation legal relations), etc.)
40. Analyze the situation.
Answer: (Since the cost of labor in Western countries is very high, the American cell phone company chose to transfer production to those countries that have cheaper and sufficiently skilled labor (for example, China and Eastern European countries. Such a transfer of production indicates this global process, such as economic globalization)
29. 1. Economics
29.3 Economics.
29.4 Economics
View document contents
“Control on the topic of Economics”
Control on the topic “Economics”.
Write down the word missing in the table.
| Factor of production | Characteristic |
| ………………………… | the use of people's physical and mental abilities in the production of goods and services |
| funds, knowledge, structures, equipment used in the production of goods and services |
Answer: ___________
2. In the series below, find a concept that is general for all
other concepts presented. Write down the word (phrase).
Production cooperative; partnership of faith; commercial organization; Joint-Stock Company; state unitary enterprise.
Answer: _____________________
3. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the concept of “manufacturer”.
1) emission; 2) profit; 3) costs; 4) devaluation: 5) competition; c) investments.
Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
Answer: _____________
4. Choose the correct statements about globalization and write down numbers s, under which they
1) International economic integration is one of the directions of globalization.
2) The process of globalization contributes to the development of cultural and historical specifics different countries.
3) The transition from an industrial society to an information society created the preconditions for the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization.
4) Globalization encourages states to take extreme political actions. 5) The positive consequences of globalization include the concentration of efforts
on the development of new advanced technologies.
Answer:_______________
5. Match the examples with the types of activities they illustrate: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.
EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITIES TYPES OF ACTIVITY
A) modernization of transport infrastructure 1) practical
B) implementation of a scientific discovery 2) spiritual
B) investing in small businesses
D) implementation of global modeling
D) carrying out economic reforms in society
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: _________________
6. Choose the correct statements about inflation and write down digital ry under which they are listed.
1) The issue of money is the most effective method reducing inflation.
2) The consequence of inflation is a decrease in the income of those who pay debts at fixed interest rates.
3) One of the immediate causes of inflation is associated with excessive monopolization of prices and costs.
4) Depending on the reasons, demand inflation and cost inflation are distinguished.
5) The danger of inflation is that savings depreciate and the standard of living of the population decreases.
Answer:________________
7. Choose the correct statements about economic growth and write down numbers , under which they are indicated.
1) Extensive economic growth is achieved through more rational use of the previous volume of resources.
2) Economic growth is facilitated by an increase in the scale of production to a certain limit, which allows saving resources and increasing production volumes.
3) Intensive factors of economic growth include an increase in the physical capital of firms.
4) An intensive factor in the growth and development of the modern economy is high-quality human capital.
5) Stable economic growth is possible through the widespread introduction of innovation.
Answer: ______________
8. Select the correct judgments about factors of production and factor income and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
1) Factors of production that a person uses to create various benefits, are limited at any given time.
2) land and labor as factors of production prevent an increase in the volume of economic benefits.
3) Each factor of production is capable of bringing income to its owner.
4) Distinctive feature entrepreneurship as a factor of production is the adoption of the initiative to combine factors of production into a single process.
5) The basis for obtaining factor income is the desire for maximum production results.
Answer:_________________
9. Select the correct statements about financial institutions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) central bank issues money and is the main link in the country's financial and credit system.
2) All financial institutions accept deposits.
3) Pension funds specialize in financing consumer goods sales in installments and issuing consumer loans.
4) The Central Bank sets the discount rate.
5) Financial institutions provide services for transferring funds and providing loans.
Answer: ________________
10. Choose the correct judgments about the role of the state in market economy and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
1) In a market economy, the state sets prices for all goods and services.
2) The state, in market conditions, carries out centralized production planning.
3) The state in a market economy satisfies the needs for public
goods or public goods.
4) In a market economy, the state protects the interests of owners.
5) State intervention in the economy is associated with imperfections of the market mechanism.
Answer: ________________
11. Choose the correct statements about taxes and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Taxes fill the state budget and pay for government expenses.
2) K indirect taxes include income tax individuals. inheritance tax.
3) Taxes are directed to support low-income segments of society through partial redistribution of funds.
4) Direct taxes, unlike indirect ones, are mandatory.
5) Direct taxes are withdrawn directly from the taxpayer’s income
Answer: ______________
12. Match examples and types economic systems which they illustrate: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.
EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
A) In the country R. producers compete 1) traditional for the most favorable conditions
production and sale of goods 2) team
B) In country N., in conditions of freedom of enterprise for consumers, 3) the market has the widest choice of goods and services
B) the only producer and seller of goods and services in country K. is the state, private entrepreneurship is prohibited
D) in country A. the state centrally distributes factors of production and sets prices for goods and services
D) the basis of the country’s economy D. is agriculture, the land belongs to tribal communities and is cultivated by them
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: ________________
13. Establish a correspondence between the examples and the types of costs of the company in the short term that they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF COSTS OF A COMPANY
A) purchase of semi-finished products 1) permanent
B) entertainment expenses 2) variable
B) transportation costs
D) fuel costs
D) costs of retraining
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
14. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and the types of economic systems to which they relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
SIGNS TYPES ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
A) prices for goods are determined by the relationship 1) command of supply and demand 2) market
B) the main means of production belong to the state
B) economic proportions are set centrally
D) production development is based on competition among producers
D) there are periodic shortages of goods
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: _______________________
15. Establish a correspondence between the types of inflation and the basics of their classification; For each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
TYPES OF INFLATION BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
A) opening 1) nature of the course
B) galloping 2) dependence on the rate of price growth
C) suppressed 3) the degree of divergence in price increases for various product groups
D) balanced
D) creeping
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: _______________________
16. Establish a correspondence between influencing factors (on supply and demand) and elements of the market mechanism: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ELEMENTS OF MARKET MECHANISM
A) religious preferences 1) demand
B) prices for resources 2) supply
B) consumer expectations
D) prices of related goods
D) number of producers
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: _______________________
17. Establish a correspondence between the types of markets and the basics of their classification: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
TYPES OF MARKETS BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
A) retail 1) nature of sales
B) oligopolies 2) level of saturation
R) equilibrium 3) type of competition
D) redundant
D) monopolistic competition
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: _______________________
18. Due to the installation of cash machines in the trolleybus for paying fares, conductor F.
was fired from the fleet and lost his job completely. For a year and a half he could not
Finding permanent work, he did temporary odd jobs servicing a nearby grocery store. In the summer, he got a job in construction company which generated income.
Select from the list given the characteristics associated with this citizen's unemployment and write down the fras, under which they are indicated.
1) stagnant 4) cyclic
2) frictional 5) seasonal
3) structural c) hidden
Answer: ___________________
19. In the country D. a two-level banking system, in which the top level is occupied by the Central Bank. What functions are included in Central Bank? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) providing a loan secured by property collateral
2) licensing of activities financial organizations
3) provision of loans commercial banks
4) attraction and storage of free Money population
5) servicing enterprise payments
6) establishing the norm of required reserves
Answer: ____________________
20. The state of P. seeks to satisfy the purchasing needs of the population of its country using foreign trade. What signs can be used to establish that this is a state in the region foreign trade pursues a free trade policy? Write it down digital ry under which they are listed.
1) Implementation of protection of national producers.
2) Increase in customs duties on imports.
3) Attracting foreign manufacturers.
4) The consequence is a fall in domestic production.
5) The result is an increase in employment in the national economy.
6) The consequence is a struggle to improve the quality and efficiency of production.
Answer: ____________________
21. Foundation "L." deals with issues of the state and development of the economy as a whole, the economic health of the country and the world. By what signs can we establish that we are talking about macroeconomics? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Deals with the problem of economic crises.
2) Explores the influence of price on individual elements of the economy.
3) Considers the action of three subjects economic life: firms, households and states.
4) Studies issues of increasing employment of the population.
5) Analyzes the processes of production and consumption of individual goods in individual markets.
6) Studies the economy of the region.
Answer: ___________________
22. The graph shows the change in supply in the kitchen furniture market: the supply curve has moved from position S to position S 1. (On the graph P - price of goods, Q - quantity of goods). Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write it down numbers, p under which they are indicated.
1) consumer income growth
2) reduction in prices for kitchen furniture
3) reducing the cost of components for kitchen furniture
4) reduction of taxes on kitchen furniture manufacturers
5) the growing popularity of new models of kitchen furniture.
Answer:________________.
23. The graph shows the change in supply on the pork market: the supply curve has moved from position S to position S 1. (On the graph R - the price of the product, Q - quantity of goods.) Which of the listed factors can cause such a change?
Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.
1) growth in income of the population
2) increasing taxes on pork importers
3) increase in pork prices
4) reduction in prices for chicken meat 5 ) reduction in the number of pork processors
Answer: ____________________
24. The graph shows the change in demand in the furniture market: demand curve D moved to a new position D 1. (On the graph R - product price. Q - quantity of goods.) Which of the listed factors can cause such a change? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) decrease in consumer income
2) increasing taxes on furniture manufacturers
3) increase in the volume of transport services
4) waiting for the start of Christmas sales
5) reducing costs for furniture manufacturers
Answer: ____________________
25. The graph shows the change in supply in the housing market: the supply curve has moved from position S to position S 1 . (On the chart R - the price of the product, Q - quantity of goods.) Which of the listed factors can cause such a change? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) development of loan programs for the purchase of apartments
2) increasing the profits of sellers of housing under construction
3) the ruin of a number of construction companies
4) growth in income of the population
5) increase in cost building materials
Answer:____________________
26. The graph shows the change in supply on the market banking services: the supply curve has moved from position S to position S 1 (On the graph R- the price of the product, Q - quantity of goods). Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) growth in consumer income
2) the ruin of several large banks
3) increase in the number of clients in the banking sector
4) growing popularity of banking services
5) increase tax burden to the banking sector
Answer:______________________
27. During sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked to estimate the number of domestic and imported products on store shelves in their localities.
The results obtained (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are presented in the form of a diagram.
Find in the description given the conclusions that can be drawn based on the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The share of those who noted that there are more domestic products in stores is smaller in country Z than in country Y.
2) The share of those who noted that there are more imported products in stores is higher in country Z than in country Y.
3) In country Z, half of the respondents noted that stores have approximately equal amounts of domestic and imported products.
4) Equal shares of respondents in both countries found it difficult to estimate the amount of domestic and imported products in stores.
5) In country Y, equal shares of respondents noted that there are more imported products in stores and that stores have approximately equal amounts of domestic and imported products.
Answer:____________________
28. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.
Stock __________(A) represents the place where buying and selling takes place
valuable papers. Her activities in developed countries ah is under strict control from ____________ (B). The average ____________ (B) of transactions concluded on it consists of ____________ (D) securities (shares and ____________ (E)) issued by individual ____________ (E).
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one pa z. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.
List of terms:
1) exchange rate 4) state 7) exchange
2) contract 5) company 8) information
3) price 6) infrastructure 9) bond
The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the chosen vamp word in the table under each letter.
Answer: _______________________
29. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.
“Monetary policy is the policy pursued by the government through the Central Bank.
measures in the field money circulation and___________(A), aimed at ensuring
sustainable, efficient functioning of the economy. Monetary goal
policy - helping the economy achieve a level of ____________ (B) that
will provide complete ____________ (B) and absence of ____________ (D). Open operations
market is conducted by the Central Bank, which sells government securities, paying high __________(D) for them, attracts investors’ funds to cover the budget ___________(E).”
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.
List of terms:
1) interest 4) deposit 7) mortgage
2) deficit 5) production 8) inflation
3) employment 6) credit 9) modernization
The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the chosen vamp word in the table under each letter.
Answer: _______________________
30. Read the text below, in which a number of layers are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.
"International migration of capital is carried out in three main forms: direct private ___________(A), public ___________(B), loans from international financial organizations. This takes into account such characteristics of the local market as its accessibility, quality of labor, currency risk, protection of intellectual ___________( C), state___________(D) and much more.To attract investments and___________(D) in the most backward (problem) regions, territories with preferential treatment management - free economic _____(E).
Words in the list is given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once in once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.
List of terms:
1) loan 4) investment 7) property
2) technology 5) license 8) region
3) service b) zone 9) settlement
The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the word you chose in the table under each letter.
Answer: _______________________
To record answers to tasks in this part (31-29), use ANSWER FORM No. 2
First write down the number of the task (31. 32, etc.), and then a detailed answer to it. Write down your answers clearly and legibly.
Read the text and complete tasks 31-34.
“...Modern work is intensifying. The logic of movement towards success, to access to benefits determines the spontaneous, spontaneous increase in the volume of labor V life of a modern person. Labor is compacted over time, and also multiplies - it doubles, triples, etc. The modern worker - a qualified specialist who has been preparing for a long time, with great effort, the possibility of his career, is less and less able to control the process of society's consumption of his labor. “The investment must pay off, and preferably as soon as possible. And therefore, a person, satisfied with the demand for his work, is drawn into an increasing number of labor practices. “Multiplying” labor inevitably becomes more superficial.
The alienation of labor continues. Although it takes on new forms. So far we have been talking about one - internal - form of alienation due to the complication of the perception of work by those in demand, employed and thereby in a privileged position.
Another form of alienation of labor is external, literal - unemployment. (.....) It begins from the moment labor goes beyond the scope of natural production, develops into industrial society and acquires a completely special character in post-industrial society. First of all for due to the fact that it is growing powerfully" (Kozlova O.I. Labor in social life // Social and humanitarian knowledge. 2003. No. 6. pp. 111-112.),
31. Based on the text, write down the signs of modern labor.
32. Using the content of the text, fill out the table.
| Forms of alienation of labor | Internal | |
| Their essence. |
35. What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “inflation”? Using knowledge from a social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about types of inflation, and one sentence revealing one of the possible measures of anti-inflationary policy.
36. Open to three examples various manifestations of government regulation
market economy.
37. Name any three tasks of the Russian government for the development of market relations in the economy and illustrate each of them with an example.
38. Name two types of costs of a firm in the short run and illustrate each with an appropriate example.
39. Name any three factors that influence changes in demand and illustrate each with an appropriate example.
40. Analyze the situation.
The American cell phone company cut 15 thousand jobs and moved a significant part of production to China and Eastern Europe (over the previous two years the company cut 25 thousand jobs). At the same time, unemployment in the United States is at this moment amounted to 9 percent.
What are the reasons for this company policy? Name the global process, the manifestation of which is the above and similar facts.
41. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Unemployment”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
Define the problem. Select arguments.
29. 1. Economics
“Business is a combination of war and sport” (A. Maurois).
29. 2. Not for gold and silver, but only for labor initially all the riches of the world were acquired. (A. Smith).
29.3 Economics.
Increasing the technical level of industry increases its capabilities, its competitiveness” (M. Konotopov).
29.4 Economics
“If there are too many poor people, then state expenses will increase greatly, which will immediately affect the well-being of other segments of the population” (A. Kravchenko).
Select the correct statements about economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) GDP growth always indicates economic growth in the country.
2) Availability of natural resources of higher quality is both a condition and an indicator of extensive economic growth.
3) The need to attract additional workers indicates extensive economic growth.
4) Scientific organization of labor is an indicator of intensive economic growth.
5) Intensive economic growth can be judged by the improvement of the professional skills of workers.
Explanation.
The problem of economic growth and its pace is one of the most important in macroeconomics. Its study allows, firstly, to understand the reasons for differences in living standards and rates of economic growth between different countries in the same period (intercountry differences) and within a country in different periods (intertemporal differences); secondly, to identify factors of economic growth; thirdly, determine the conditions for preservation high level life in countries that have already achieved it, and finally develop measures public policy to ensure and accelerate economic growth. Economic growth is the long-term trend of increasing real GDP. IN this definition the key words are: trend, this means that real GDP does not necessarily have to increase every year, what is meant is only the direction of movement of the economy, the so-called “trend”; long-term, since economic growth is an indicator characterizing the long-term period, and, therefore, we are talking about an increase in potential GDP (i.e., GDP at full employment of resources), about the growth of the production capabilities of the economy; real GDP (and not nominal GDP, the growth of which can occur due to an increase in the price level, even with a reduction in real production volume). That's why important indicator economic growth is an indicator of the value of real GDP. The main goal of economic growth is to increase prosperity and increase national wealth.
1) GDP growth always indicates economic growth in the country - no, that’s not true.
2) Availability natural resources higher quality is both a condition and an indicator of extensive economic growth - no, incorrect.
3) The need to attract additional workers indicates extensive economic growth - yes, that's right.
4) Scientific organization of labor is an indicator of intensive economic growth - yes, that’s right.
5) Intensive economic growth can be judged by the improvement of the professional skills of workers - yes, that’s right.
15. Economic growth. Unified State Exam tests - economics
1.Are they true? the following judgments about the standard of living?
A. The standard of living in a country will increase if the growth in real gross national product is higher than population growth.
B. The standard of living in the country will certainly increase if distribution is carried out centrally.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
2.Extensive economic growth is characterized by
1) increased costs of raw materials, energy, labor
2) improvement of the production management system
3) increasing the educational and professional level of employees
4) technological progress
3.Gross domestic product is called
1) system of organization of the national economy
2) social need for a certain amount of goods and services
3) a set of natural and social forces that are potentially suitable for the production of goods and services
4) the sum of market prices of all final products produced during the year in the country
4.Are the following judgments about economic growth measures correct?
A. Measures of economic growth include GDP, GNP, and national income.
B. The government can plan GDP growth and carry out economic policy ensuring this growth.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
5.Write down the missing word.
The economic growth:
Extensive growth - Increasing internal gross product by expanding the scale of production
Increase in GDP due to production efficiency.
6. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts in the series presented below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.
1) consequences of globalization
2) availability of goods
3) internationalization of service provision
4) freedom of movement
5) worsening problems of illegal migration
7. Select the correct statements about economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Economic growth is the year-on-year increase in a country's production capabilities.
2) Extensive factors of economic growth include advanced training of workers.
3) The rate of economic growth is affected by the quantity and quality of labor resources.
4) Economic growth depends on the efficiency of technology and management.
5) The intensive type of economic growth is ensured by an increase in the number of factors of production used.
8. Select the correct judgments about the measures of economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Measures of economic growth include GDP, GNP, and national income.
2) GDP is the amount of production per each monetary unit invested in fixed assets.
3) The government can plan GDP growth and implement economic policies that ensure this growth.
4) Stable GDP growth indicates economic development and improvement in the well-being of the country's citizens.
5) GDP is calculated only per capita.
9. Select the correct statements about economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Extensive economic growth is ensured through more rational use of the previous volume of resources.
2) Economic growth is facilitated by an increase in the scale of production to a certain limit, which allows saving resources and increasing production volumes.
3) Intensive factors of economic growth include an increase in the physical capital of firms.
4) An intensive factor in the growth and development of the modern economy is high-quality human capital.
5) Stable economic growth is possible through the widespread introduction of innovation.
10. Company Z made a strategic decision to open a new line for the production of household appliances. Find evidence in the list below that we are talking about intensive economic growth of this enterprise. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) modern computer technologies are used
2) a batch of equipment of the previous generation was purchased
3) investments are made in innovative developments
4) there is an increase in the qualifications of employees
5) labor productivity increases
6) the scale of production has been increased due to the opening of new workshops
11. The company made a strategic decision to open a new direction for the production of household appliances. Find evidence in the list below that we are talking about the extensive economic growth of this enterprise. Write down the numbers by which they are indicated.
1) use of modern computer technologies
2) use of outdated equipment
3) additional recruitment of workers
12. In country T, the intensive path of economic development predominates. Which of the following factors indicate this?
1) increase in labor productivity
2) low inflation
3) employment growth
4) growth in household savings
5) increasing the share of high-tech goods in exports
6) dissemination of resource-saving technologies
13. Write down the word missing in the table
INDICATOR NAME
DEFINITION
The total value of all final goods and services produced directly within a country in a year
Gross National Product (GNP)
The total value of all final goods and services created by a given country's producers during the year, domestically and internationally.
14. . Find in the list of transactions that should be taken into account when calculating GDP, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated
1) payment for beauty salon services
2) unemployment benefits
3) purchase of a “pirated” edition
4) composer's fee
5) purchase of corporate bonds
15. Find in the list of transactions that should be taken into account when calculating GDP, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) housewife's wages
2) buying a new computer
3) a gift to the grandson from the grandmother
4) miner's pension
5) payment of utility bills
16. Find in the list the incomes taken into account when calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) income from the sale of cookies in a private confectionery
2) income from the resale of a used tablet
3) income received from the delivery of scrap metal
4) income from the sale of a batch of new computers
5) income received from the sale of vegetables grown by the farmer
6) income from the sale of a batch of counterfeit goods
17. Find in the list given the factors for accelerating economic growth in market conditions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) progress of science and technology
2) increase in the number of unemployed
3) outflow of investment from the production sector
4) administrative regulation of the economy
5) increase in the educational level of workers
6) increasing the scale of production
18. Find examples in the list below that illustrate extensive factors of economic growth. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) expansion of the taxi fleet
Healthcare
3) creation automated system phone call processing
4) introduction of energy saving technologies
5) commissioning of an additional assembly line at the plant
6) increase in oil production
19. Find the factors of intensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
2) advanced training of employees
3) introduction of new technologies
5) attracting additional labor
20. Find the factors of extensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) development of virgin and fallow lands
2) advanced training of employees
3) introduction of new technologies
4) increase in capital investments
5) attracting additional workers
6) rational distribution of resources
21. Select the correct statements about economic growth and development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Economic growth refers to an increase in the amount of money in circulation.
2) One of the indicators of economic growth is the increase in real gross domestic product.
3) With the transition to post-industrial society The production of goods rather than services becomes a priority.
4) Extensive economic growth is achieved through the development of technology.
5) Intensive economic growth is associated with an increase in labor productivity.
22. Select the correct statements about gross domestic product (GDP) and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) GDP is a set of economic resources, including key production factors.
2) GDP reflects the social need for a certain amount of goods and services necessary for the normal livelihood of the population.
3) GDP characterizes the total volume of production.
4) GDP is the total market value of all final products produced in an economy (within a country) during one year.
5) GDP is a system of socio-economic and legal relations that ensure the continuous process of reproduction of the labor force.
23. Choose the correct judgments about economic development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The economic development of a country is influenced by the historical and geographical conditions of its existence.
2) There are no uniform patterns for the economic development of different countries.
3) One of the indicators of economic development of a society is the sectoral structure of the economy.
4) Economic development is characterized by both positive and negative economic dynamics.
5) The volume of GDP per capita does not characterize economic potential countries.
24. Establish a correspondence between manifestations of development and paths of economic growth: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
MANIFESTATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
PATHWAYS TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
A) discovery of mineral deposits
B) scientific organization of labor
B) growth in the professional skills of workers
D) use of more advanced equipment
D) attracting additional workers
1) extensive path
2) intensive path
25. Establish a correspondence between the examples and the factors of economic growth that they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
A) increase in the number of service personnel
B) retraining of enterprise employees
B) construction of new power plants
D) replacing outdated equipment with more modern ones
D) expansion of cultivated areas
1) intense
2) extensive
26. Establish a correspondence between factors and types of economic growth: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
TYPES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
A) introduction of new technologies
B) retraining of workers
C) increasing the area of enterprises
D) increase in the number of service personnel
D) additional capital investment in the purchase of raw materials
1) intense
2) extensive
27. Find manifestations of intensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) rational organization of production
2) increasing the interest rate on the loan
3) introduction of a more productive technological line
4) exploration of new deposits of non-ferrous metals
5) training staff in new techniques for processing information
28. Find manifestations of extensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) use of technological progress
2) expansion of arable land areas
3) increase in the number of people employed in production
4) construction of new enterprises on the previous technical base
5) advanced training of enterprise employees
29. Company Z made a strategic decision to open a new line for the production of household appliances. Find in the list below evidence that we are talking about intensive economic growth of this enterprise. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) use of modern computer production technologies
2) acquisition of a batch of equipment of the previous generation
3) investments in innovative developments
4) advanced training of employees
5) increasing labor productivity
6) increasing the scale of production due to the opening of new workshops
30.What meaning do economists give to the concept of “economic growth”? Using knowledge from your social studies course, write two sentences containing information about economic growth.
31. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Measurers economic activity" Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
32. Choose one of the statements below, reveal its meaning, identifying the problem posed by the author (the topic raised); formulate your attitude towards the position taken by the author; justify this relationship.
Economics: “Anyone who is able to grow two ears of wheat in the place where only one grew before... deserves the highest praise; he does much more for his country than all politicians combined” (J. Swift)
Economics: “What makes us a great nation is not our wealth, but how we use it” (T. Roosevelt)
C9.3 Economics: “Wealth lies in population, and not in the vastness of territories, which is futile without inhabitants” (M. Lomonosov).
"Economic Growth and Development" in 1
1*
Factors of production
FACTORS OF PRODUCTIONCHARACTERISTIC
The amount of material and monetary resources used to produce economic goods
Earth
All types of natural resources available on the planet and suitable for the production of economic goods
Answer: _________________________
2* . Find a concept that generalizes all other concepts in the series below, and write downfigure , under which it is indicated.
1) earth, 2) labor resources. 3) factors of production, 4) capital, 5) information. 6) entrepreneurial skills.
Answer: _________
3*. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, characterize factors of production.
1) entrepreneurship, 2) labor, 3) securities, 4) exchange rates, 5) capital, 6) land
Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in your answer. Answer: _____________
7**. Select the correct statements about economic growth and development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Economic growth refers to an increase in the amount of money in circulation.
2) One of the indicators of economic growth is the increase in real gross domestic product.
3) With the transition to a post-industrial society, the production of goods rather than services becomes a priority.
4) Extensive economic growth is achieved through the development of technology.
5) Intensive economic growth is associated with an increase in labor productivity.
Answer: _____
8** . Match the examples with the economic growth factors they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
EXAMPLESA) Construction of new enterprises
B) Replacement of outdated equipment with more modern ones
C) Increasing the number of employees of the enterprise
D) Retraining of workers
D) Expansion of sown areas
FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
1) extensive
2) intense
9** . In company Za strategic direction was adopted to open a new direction for the production of household appliances. Look in the list below for evidence that we are talking about intensive economic growth of this enterprise. Write it downnumbers , under which they are indicated.
1) use of modern computer technologies
2) purchasing a batch of previous generation equipment at a significant discount
3) increasing the scale of production due to the opening of new workshops
4) investments in innovative developments
5) advanced training of employees
6) increasing labor productivity
Answer: ___________
12* . Sociological services of countries Z and Y conducted a public opinion poll. Survey participants were asked the question: “What method of increasing labor productivity do you consider the most effective?” The results of the surveys (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are presented in the form of a diagram.
1) The importance of production modernization as an effective way to increase labor productivity for those surveyed in country Z is higher than for those surveyed in country Y.
2) The share of those who consider the development of employee initiative effective way the increase in labor productivity among those surveyed in country Y is higher than among those surveyed in country Z.
3) The share of those who consider increasing wages as an effective way to increase labor productivity is higher among respondents in country Z than among respondents in country Y.
4) Respondents from both countries equally noted improving the skills of workers as the most effective way to increase labor productivity.
5) Half of those surveyed in country Y consider increasing wages the most effective way to increase labor productivity.
Answer: ________
25*** . What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “factors of production”? Using your social science course knowledge, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the main factors of production, and one sentence revealing the limitations of any factor of production.
26***. In a market economy, recessions and increases in production and business activity are observed with a certain periodicity. Give three explanations of the reasons for the cyclical development of the economy in market conditions. Please specify any of these reasons.
27*** . During the discussion, the opinion was expressed that the extensive path of economic development has exhausted itself. Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, give two arguments in support and one argument in refutation of this opinion.
Test "Economic growth and development" at 2
1* . Write down the word missing in the table.
The economic growth
Increasing gross domestic product by expanding the scale of production
Increasing GDP through production efficiency
Answer: ___________________
2*. Find a term that summarizes all other concepts in the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.
1) stagnation, 2) business cycle, 3) economic crisis, 4) economic recovery, 5) recession.
Answer: ______________
3* . Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the concept of “factors of production”
1) labor, 2) demand, 3) entrepreneurial ability, 4) capital, 5) land, 6) equilibrium price
Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series, and write them down in the numbers under which they are indicated. Answer: ________________
7** . Select the correct statements about economic development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The economic development of a country is influenced by the historical and geographical conditions of its existence.
2) There are no uniform patterns for the economic development of different countries.
3) One of the indicators of economic development of a society is the sectoral structure of the economy.
4) Economic development is characterized by both positive and negative economic dynamics.
5) The volume of GDP per capita characterizes the economic potential of the country.
Answer: _____________
8** . Match the examples with the economic growth factors they illustrate: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column
EXAMPLESA) increase in cultivated area
B) use of modern agricultural technologies
C) retraining of farm workers
D) construction of additional enterprises
D) increasing the number of service personnel
FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
1) extensive
2) intense
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
9. Find manifestations of intensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) rational organization of production
2) increasing the interest rate on the loan
3) introduction of a more productive technological line
4) exploration of new deposits of non-ferrous metals
5) training staff in new techniques for processing information
12* . Scientists studied the consumer behavior of residents of countries Z and Y in conditions economic crisis. The histogram shows data (as a percentage of the number of respondents) on how consumer demand changed during the year.
Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. The share of those who began to buy products of cheaper brands is greater in country Z than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of respondents in both surveys noted that they refused to purchase some products.
3. The share of those who began to buy fewer products and go to the store less often is greater in country Z than in country Y.
4. Among those surveyed in country Z, the share of those who refused to purchase some products is greater than the share of those who believed that the crisis did not affect consumer demand.
5. Among respondents in country Y, the share of those who began to buy fewer products and went to the store less often is greater than the share of those who buy products of cheaper brands.
Answer: _______
========================
25***. What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “economic growth”? Using knowledge from your social studies course, write two sentences: one sentence containing information about economic growth rates, and one sentence containing information about the growth rate.
26*** . Name any two factors of economic growth and reveal the mechanism of action of each of them
27*** . Over the forty years from 1950 to 1990, world grain production tripled: from 630 to 19,170 million tons. At the same time, the sown area did not increase. By 2025, global grain production is expected to reach 4,000 million tons. What path of development of agricultural production do these data indicate? How did you determine this? Indicate any other feature of this path of economic development.
<...>.
<...>.
(AL. Kaygorodtsev)
21.
22.
23
24
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In extensive farming, based on minimizing land and production costs, the use of soil and climatic resources is maximized. With this focus, extensive farming does not contribute to greening production process. On the contrary, the formation of harvests is based, first of all, on the wasteful use of natural soil fertility, which leads to their depletion<...>.
World experience shows that the intensive path of transformation in agriculture is currently the main one. Back in 1960-1980, the increase in world grain production by 1/5 was due to the expansion of areas, and by 4/5 as a result of increased yields. In economically developed countries this share was 86% (in Western Europe- 100%), and in developing countries - 77% (in Africa and Latin America 46-48%).
With intensive farming, only 10% of the crop is formed due to natural soil fertility. Intensification and, above all, optimization of nutrition “soften”, but do not eliminate the influence of hydrometeorological conditions on the productivity of agricultural crops. Fertilizers and plant protection products provide almost 50% of the yield. If we add to this the increase in yield due to the use of intensive varieties and high-quality seeds, it turns out that up to 3/4 of the yield is determined by the considered intensification factors. In this case, the productivity of arable land should be at least 40-50 centners per hectare. This per-hectare harvest is fully consistent with global grain production expected in 2025 at about 4 billion tons.
The situation with the supply of humanity with the necessary amount of food products already in the second half of the 20th century. could have become catastrophic if agricultural science had not found and implemented ways to significantly and quickly increase crop yields based on agricultural intensification<...>.
At the same time, when assessing the possibilities of intensive agricultural development, it is necessary to take into account that the potential of traditional ways of intensifying agricultural production has already been largely exhausted. The prospects for intensification are, first of all, related to the technological revolution that the agriculture of economically developed Western countries, primarily the United States, is experiencing.
(AL. Kaygorodtsev)
21. Name two ways of development of agriculture that the author compares. Which one is currently the main one? Formulate its distinctive feature in one phrase.
22. Name any three factors for increasing agricultural production indicated in the text
23 . What contribution of science to solving the food problem is mentioned in the text? What role did agricultural science play in relation to agriculture? Bring anyone own example implementation of this role by science.
24 . The author connects the prospects for intensification with the technological revolution that the economies of economically developed Western countries are experiencing. Based on your knowledge, indicate how this revolution manifests itself. (Name any three manifestations)
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Read the text and complete tasks 21-24FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SIBERIAN REGIONS
(using the example of the Omsk region)
In the text fragment below, the author analyzes the development of Siberia under the administrative-command system in the 1980s.
One can cite many examples when the “power” of this or that department, its desire to consider the territory only as a testing ground for its own development, took precedence over regional interests and, as a result, led to serious negative consequences at the regional level. Thus, the intensive development of large-scale industry (mechanical engineering, petrochemicals, heat and power engineering) within the city of Omsk alone led to its hypertrophy. From this a natural consequence arose whole line environmental problems, problems of development of social and industrial infrastructure, etc., which the state was in no hurry to solve and the region could not independently solve. Despite the rapid growth rates of the regional economy and higher “return” (in the 1980s, production output per unit area in the Omsk region was 60% higher than the national level; the level of employment in national economy also exceeded the national average), the population of the region had a relatively lower standard of living and standard of living than the country as a whole. social protection. Thus, the difficult environmental situation was not compensated by the development of healthcare. In 1986, budget expenditures in this area in the region per capita were 2.17 times less than in the country as a whole.
Western Siberia has become the region of origin of the most massive and relatively long-distance transport flows, among which the supply of fuel and raw materials to the European part of the country dominates. By 1985, the volume of traffic from Western Siberia to the Urals, the Center and other economic regions of the European part of the country was tens of times higher than the average flow in the exchange of economic regions of the USSR. In fact, the state, through its policy measures, while actively developing Siberia, still considered it only as a resource and production base.
(V. ALESCHENKO. FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SIBERIAN REGIONS (using the example of the Omsk region) Proceedings of the Free Economic Society, 2008)
21 . What indicators does the author use to analyze the consequences of economic growth in the Omsk region? (Indicate three of them.)
23 . In the conditions of an administrative-command economy, the interests of the development of a particular region often yielded to narrow departmental goals. What problems did the intensive development of the Omsk region cause in the 1980s? Name any two problems identified by the author and elaborate on any of them with an example.
24 . The author of the article emphasizes that in the development of Siberia, the emphasis was on resource and industrial policy while social measures lagged behind. Based on your knowledge of economics, name three areas of spending state budget, contributing to the development of the social sphere.