Two storey house has its advantages and disadvantages over . Some people choose this option because two-storey house looks more solid and presentable than a one-story house; someone chooses it due to the lack of technical ability to build cottage the same area. In any case, in order for the constructed structure to be convenient to use, careful preliminary planning is needed. two-story house.

Project, facade and layout of a two-story house 8x8

Only proper distribution of premises and installation of utilities will allow you to feel comfortable in a house with two floors.

Layout of a two-story house 6x6 with dimensions

You can build a two-story house from any modern building materials that are on the market today: from logs, from timber, from piece material - a brick house, foam blocks, gas blocks, etc. The choice is limited only by your financial capabilities and taste preferences. On the technological side, there are no restrictions.

Wooden houses

Traditional material for the construction of a country house. Wood in all its forms remains a warm, reliable and environmentally friendly material. They are light in weight, which allows them to be placed on lightweight foundation options. A finely buried strip, solid slab or pile foundation with harness.
Wooden houses can be assembled from solid timber, laminated veneer lumber, or logs. And with a small width of the walls it can be very warm.

Project and layout two-story cottage 10x10 from timber

Wooden houses retain heat perfectly and heat up very quickly even after complete cooling, which is important for country houses, which are used seasonally or only a few times during the winter.

The interior decoration of a wooden two-story house can be minimal, since the wood itself looks very natural and beautiful. This advantage attracts many homeowners, since finishing repairs account for a significant portion of the entire construction budget.

One of the main disadvantages two-story houses made of timber and logs - obligatory aging of the assembled box. It must be left for a period of 3 months to a year, and only after that make window and door openings, install double-glazed windows and begin the next stage of work. This is necessary so that houses made of timber or logs finally settle and take on their unchangeable shape.

Houses made of piece material

Houses made of brick, foam blocks or similar materials are reliable and durable if built strictly according to technology.

Layout of a cottage with an attic 6x9

Such structures have an impressive weight, which means that a high-quality foundation must be prepared for them: there will be no savings at this stage of work. Since a poorly made foundation will lead to the fact that a two-story house will walk, cracks will appear on the walls and its further operation can be completely dangerous.

Houses made of foam blocks and other piece materials that require laying with a special mortar are more suitable for permanent residence rather than for summer cottages.

Such a house retains its temperature well, but only if it is not allowed to cool down. Like any stone structure, such houses need to be heated for a very long time to achieve a comfortable temperature. The stone is able to absorb heat for a long time.
The advantage of two-story houses made of brick and other piece materials is freedom in design.

Detailed house plan 6x8

A stone house can be of any shape, with various architectural features: balconies, bay windows, rounded corners, arches and other elements. It is possible to repeat similar things when building a house from timber or logs, but it is extremely difficult.

Houses using frame technologies

In a nutshell, it’s simple, fast and inexpensive. Freedom in construction, as when working with bricks and blocks, and performance qualities are similar to houses made of wood. The main advantages of such a two-story house will include:

• Low cost of the entire structure;
• Light weight, which will save on the foundation;
• Fast construction, building materials do not require curing;
• Simplicity and practicality in operation;
• When using environmentally friendly materials, the house will not be inferior to a wooden one;
• Almost any size and shape of the building.

Optimal dimensions of a two-story house

The optimal minimum building area is considered to be a rectangle of 7x8 meters or a square of 8x8.

Project of a two-story 8x8 cottage with a terrace and balcony

It is these dimensions that allow the rooms to be rationally located, where they will be located comfortably rather than in the attic, and there will also be room not only for the kitchen, living room and master bedrooms upstairs, but also for guests to have a place to stay.

With a smaller base, the structure can also exist, but then the layout of a two-story house will be inconvenient and non-functional. The living room will turn into a walk-through room, most of the usable space will be eaten up by the staircase, and upstairs, provided that not a full floor is built, but an attic one, only one bedroom will fit.
This option can be considered as a country house for one person or a married couple without children.
The upper limit for the size of a two-story house is limited only by common sense and specific needs. For a family of two with two or three children, a two-story house with a total area of ​​110-130 square meters will be sufficient. If we consider the total area of ​​the house with a garage, then we can talk about an increase. Houses larger than this area will be very expensive to operate and maintain, and most of the premises, as practice shows, simply will not be used.

First floor layout

The drawings of the first floor of a two-story house must contain all the necessary premises for living. Among the obligatory ones:

• Kitchen;
• Living room;
• Entrance hall, also known as the hall;
• Guest bathroom;
• Boiler room;
• Tambour.

If the area of ​​the first floor allows, then the following may also be present:

• Study;
• Dining room;
• A guest room.

• gable;
• gable broken line;
• pitched roof.

The first two options can be classified as cheaper types in terms of cost, and they are also easier to implement. In these cases, roof slopes will be used for the sides, and pediments will be used for the ends. The latter should be lined with the same material as the first floor. The type of roof and roofing material must be determined at the stage when the project is being prepared.

You should also think in advance about how you will arrange and what you plan to place on the attic floor.

Is it worth making an attic floor in a house?

If you nevertheless decide to start building such a house, but are still thinking about the need for an attic, then it is better to decide for what purposes you are going to use it. For an accurate solution, it is worth considering in detail all the pros and cons of such a structure, but only from the point of view of its attic part.

pros

1. Significant savings. Building a two-story house with an attic is considered a more economical option when considering the construction of a three-story house, even though there will be costs for constructing a roof.
2. Appearance. With the help of a complex gable roof with a break, as well as slopes at different angles, you can achieve an interesting appearance and attract attention.
3. Interior. Using attic room you can achieve the creation of an original, unique interior. However, to do this you need to correctly play with its shape. That is why, if you are a supporter of originality, then the attic is exactly what you need.

you can make an original attic like this in your home

Minuses

Unfortunately, the attic has its own disadvantages:

1. It is necessary to take a more careful approach to the arrangement of not only ventilation, but also thermal insulation. If technology is not followed, problems with freezing and moisture condensation may be identified.
2. Problem with natural light. In the event that daylight can enter through typical vertical windows that are installed in a structure called a “birdhouse,” then it will not have a sufficient level of illumination. However, there are special windows that will help solve this problem.
3. "Dead zone". The area of ​​the attic part is practically no different from the area of ​​the house, but its useful part is much smaller. This refers to a space near an inclined wall that cannot be approached closely. There is an option to order special furniture for this space, but then the “zest” of the room may disappear.
4. You cannot work in this space or place a children's room. This is due to the fact that a person living in a room with sloping walls will feel a constant threat and internal anxiety.

General characteristics of the house

The total area of ​​the entire structure is 185.5 square meters. m. The material used for the walls is a 400 mm aerated concrete block or brick. Monolithic slab needed for the foundation. The roofing will be carried out using wooden beams. Metal tiles or soft tiles are used as roofing material. Siding of various colors is used for exterior decoration.

Now we can conclude that this scheme and layout of a two-story house with an attic and 3 bedrooms on the second floor is a structure that is not suitable for every family due to its technical features. However, this is an economical option, because the attic will serve as an additional floor.

Layout of a two-story house with a garage and veranda

The layout of the two-story house that will be presented in this project is completely new. It has many features, including living rooms on the ground floor. Such a project is perfect for a large family that values ​​coziness and comfort.

So, you can get into the house through two entrances:

1. The first (main) starts from a small porch and leads to the vestibule (3.1 sq. m.) then directly into the hall (7.6 sq. m.), from which you can go to the remaining living rooms.
2. The second entrance begins with a small porch, the area of ​​which is 2.3 square meters. m. From the porch you enter the veranda, which can be used as a winter garden.

Combining kitchen and living room

One of the features of this layout is the combination of a kitchen-dining room with a living room. Thus, the total area of ​​the room is 61.2 square meters. m. Such an interior is often recommended by professional designers.

Advantages:

• A real increase in space.
• The boundaries of the room visually expand.
• Communication will become more convenient.
• Receiving guests will be more comfortable.
• While preparing food, the hostess will not be separated from other residents.

Disadvantages of this approach:

• You will have to do general cleaning more often.
• It is possible that aromas from cooking may spread, which are not always pleasant.

However, the biggest disadvantage is that the living room must be coordinated with the kitchen, that is, the design should be similar, but it is necessary to clearly separate the zones. The following techniques can be used for this:

1. Using a bar counter.
2. Placement of kitchen furniture so that in the center there will be an island-shaped hood.
3. Application of lighting.
4. Try to use different floor coverings, for example, tiles in the kitchen and laminate in the living room. It is then that you get a dividing line that can be drawn even on the ceiling.
5. Unusual color schemes on the surface of the walls, which, by the way, can be duplicated on the floor.

Try to choose the same and similar colors for furniture to show that this is, after all, a single room. However, do not forget about simple accessories; they will help focus attention on what you want.

Surrounding layout

You can exit from the kitchen-living room into the hall, not through ordinary doors, but through arches. They can be decorated beautifully and elegantly, or, conversely, brightly and catchily. It is recommended to insert multi-colored lights into them. You can also go from the hall to the bathroom (3.7 sq. m.) and the garage (22.7 sq. m.). From the street you can get into the boiler room (7.4 sq. m).

Most often, there are utility rooms on the ground floor, but this scheme violates all standards and includes the location of a guest bedroom on the ground floor. Its size is 14.4 sq. m. It is recommended to reserve this bedroom for small children or for elderly family members who find it difficult to go up and down the stairs.

Combined garage

And another “highlight” of the first floor is that. Usually its location depends on the size of the site, and what the territory may be useful for. This layout includes the fact that the site will be completely dedicated to the garden, so to save space there will be a garage combined with the house. It is worth noting that such a solution and construction work on this matter will cost less than the construction of a detached garage.

Modern developers are more often turning to projects of two-story houses. A building of this type is considered the best option in terms of the size and functionality of the rooms. In construction, the technique is called classical. Buildings are characterized by the distribution of space in this way: rooms for general use are created on the first floor, and bedrooms and bathrooms on the second floor. In our article we will look at the features of buildings with two floors, and what types of cottage designs there are.

Features of the layout of a two-story house

For such buildings, the traditional method of distributing internal space is mainly used. Of course, this has its advantages and disadvantages. You can design a house yourself, or purchase a ready-made one that can be adjusted to your taste:

• You can choose any material for construction work;
• You can change the dimensions and dimensions of all premises of the building;
• It is possible to add additional details to house designs, for example, an attic, terrace, bay window, etc.

Attention! For a summer cottage where you will live only in the summer season, it is optimal to choose brick as a material. Not only is it durable, but it also has a good level of thermal insulation.

Advantages of two-story buildings

A cottage with a garage is built very often. Such a project with 2 floors has a large list of advantages:

• With this technology it is possible to minimize the consumption of land. The issue is especially acute in the case of a small property area.
• The two-story cottage opens up new possibilities for designers. This way you can make a beautiful home of any style. It will be enough to show a specialist a photo or try to do everything yourself.
• You can build a two-story house with various decorative elements, for example, a balcony or terrace.
• The possibilities inside the building are also expanding, so the interior of a two-story house can be decorated as desired.

Disadvantages of a cottage

A building with two floors requires financial investments larger than single-story properties. But it is worth noting that the price will pay off if you want to remodel in the future. There are also disadvantages of multi-level buildings, for example, for a building project with two floors, the presence of a staircase is required. This structural element not only increases the cost, but also complicates the construction of the facility.

Reasons for the complexity of planning

Projects of two-story houses can have different costs. So, some points may influence the overall budget:

• The structure has a large mass, so you need to spend money on additional reinforcement of the floors between floors. If this point is ignored, there may be a risk of a dangerous situation in the future.
• The communications system has many more branches, since it is also connected to the second floor.
• When building houses with two floors, it is necessary to use a special lifting machine to lift the material.
• If you have a large family with elderly people and children, then the project should be drawn up individually. Since for these categories of people it is better to place bedrooms on the ground floor.
• As the wind load on the walls increases, it is necessary to spend money on thermal insulation.

Attention! The cost of your dream home project may vary depending on individual design elements.

Country house project 6 by 8

The dimensions of a two-story house are 6 by 8 meters - these are quite normal conditions for a family to live. Now we will consider in detail the standard scheme for such dimensions. The entrance to the room is usually located from the porch. To increase the level of convenience, a dressing room is added to the building.

The guest room is connected to the kitchen. Moreover, the first is three times larger than the second. Then the road goes to the bathroom. Usually the entrance to the staircase is in the living room. On the second floor it is rational to make a sleeping compartment for residents. There you can make, for example, a relaxation room for guests, children or couples.

Attention! In this layout, an increase in space is obtained due to the presence of a terrace, which can be used for general recreation areas.

House project 7 by 7

You can create any size at home with your own hands. However, you need to focus on your needs and know the main types of projects. In this section we will look at the layout of a two-story building measuring 7 by 7 meters. It is worth noting that it is optimal to build such dimensions if there are 4 people in the family, of which 2 are adults and 2 children. In this construction technology, the first floor is intended for joint recreation or the arrival of guests. In practice, such projects include a kitchen, dining room, living room, hallway, wardrobe and bathroom.

This cottage has two porches, one of which is the main entrance to the building, the second is located in the living room. This layout has a number of advantages:

• You can create a place in the yard, closed from prying eyes, for the whole family to relax.
• You will have an additional way out, for example, this will help you out if the door lock breaks.
• You can also create a mini garden, a children's complex, and a tennis court.

So we got acquainted with the features of a house with two floors. Also, two small cottage projects were described. But it is worth noting that there are actually a lot of them. So, choose the right plan for your site and your capabilities.

After everything is finalized Required documents for purchased land plot, you can move on to the layout of the house. Of course, you can review several dozen finished projects, or you can contact the one you like construction company with individual orders and individual requirements. The plan for a small two-story house is selected quite quickly.

Plan of a small two-story brick house

Recently, the plan of a two-story house with an attic and a garage has become very popular. But first, it’s worth considering simple projects country houses and features of their design. Most often, houses of this type are built from profiled wood, which is characterized by ideal sound and thermal insulation qualities, as well as environmental friendliness and high level fire safety.

However, the plan for a two-story house made of glued or galvanized timber will require huge financial investments, so houses made of brick and concrete blocks still have not lost their popularity.

Plan of a two-story house made of timber

One of the important stages in the design of a multi-storey building is the selection of building materials, the purpose of which is to ensure not only first-class performance characteristics, but also an impeccable appearance. A high-quality layout of a two-story house requires a competent approach to the construction of foundation supports, which is also another significant factor that determines the optimal building materials.

Today, more and more often in the suburban areas of small cities you can see many wooden houses with several floors. The reason for such popularity of wood building material is its impeccable performance and stylish appearance.

A simple two-story house plan made from laminated timber and other wood is the best solution for small and quiet areas. Glued laminated timber withstands any influence of capricious weather, especially high levels of humidity and sudden temperature changes. At the same time, a unique atmosphere of home coziness and comfort is created inside the premises, both on the lower and upper floors. In addition, this construction material meets all European and domestic standards of quality and environmental safety.

Paul

Answer:

Hello, Pavel. 21-65 refers to a series of houses - gas silicate blocks . Cayman30 . Ceramic blocks Cayman30 superior Cayman30 Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Permian, Krasnoyarsk, without weak link- layer insulation. Free house design . Cayman30

The return on investment in warmer walls is 303 years.

According to the required thermal resistance for external walls of residential buildings in the Moscow region - 3.14 m2*S/W.

Thermal resistance of an external wall built using a thermally efficient ceramic block Cayman30 and lined with slotted bricks - 3.7344 m2*S/W.
Cayman30- 0.094 W/m*S.

Thermal resistance of an external wall built using gas silicateD500 blocks with a wall thickness of 500mm and lined with slotted bricks - 4.1526 m2*S/W.
Thermal calculations are presented below.
Thermal conductivity coefficient λа aerated concrete blocks D500 - 0.126 W/m*S.

Total costs for building a house according to the project 21-65 will be lower by 381,317 rubles when choosing a ceramic block Cayman30. A detailed comparative cost calculation is presented below.

Walls made of aerated concrete block D500 with a wall thickness of 500 mm have a higher thermal resistance, by 9% higher. You can count on a return on investment in “warmer” external walls due to savings on heating during the operation of the house.

The question is the return period of the investments made.

Obviously that heat loss during the heating season will occur not only through external walls.

• 30-35% heat loss occurs through ventilation ducts and chimneys.
• The thermal resistance of modern window structures is 3 times lower than the thermal resistance of an external block wall Cayman30. As a result, heat loss through windows is 20-25% .
• Heat escapes through the structure of the walls and floor of the basement, as well as the attic floor. This is also 10-15% all heat losses.
• The maximum is on the walls 30% heat losses, i.e. in the heating bill, only 30 percent of the amount falls on the walls.

If the house you are considering is planned to be connected to main gas heating, then during the heating period the average bill, including not only heating costs, but also energy costs for preparing hot water, will not exceed the amount of 2,000 rubles.

As noted above, the thermal resistance of an external block wall structure gas silicate blocks D500 will be higher by 9% .

Let's calculate the approximate monthly savings associated with replacement Cayman30 to a warmer one gas silicate blocks D500 with wall thickness 500mm.

Savings = 2,000 x 30% x 9% = 180 rubles/month.

In the climate zone where you plan to build a house, the heating season lasts 7 months.

As noted above, investing in a warmer wall will result in increased costs for 381,317 rubles.

Let's do the math return on investment period by saving on heating costs.

381,317 rubles / 180 rubles/month / 7 months = 303 years.

1. Strength.

So ceramic block Cayman30

Kaiman 30

To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Shchelkovo, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.

R, m 2 *S/W).

Shchelkovo.

GSOP = (t in - t from)z from,

Where,
t V 20 - 22 °C);
t from Shchelkovo meaning -3,1 °C;
z from Shchelkovo meaning 216 days.

GSOP = (20- (-3.1))*216 = 4,989.6 °C*day.

R tr 0 =a*GSOP+b

Where,
R tr 0
a and b A b - 1,4

R tr 0 =0.00035*4 989.6+1.4 = 3.1464 m 2 *S/W

R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158

Where,
Σ
δ - layer thickness in meters;
λ
n

R r 0 = R 0 x r

Where,
r

According to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 r 0,98 .

R r 0

0 required.

λ a or λ in

SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" 1st step. Let's define s Shchelkovo

According to the table the city Shchelkovo 2nd step.

dry. 3rd step. dry, Shchelkovo normal.

Summary. R0 A λ a.

Alexander

Answer:

Hello, Alexander. The house project you are considering 88-05 refers to a series of houses - . The house project was designed using the most heat-efficient ceramic blocks produced in Russia Kerakam Cayman30. Ceramic blocks Cayman30 superior shell rock blocks according to all the main characteristics: strength, heat saving. At the same time, the final costs will be lower when choosing ceramics. For more information on this, see the comparative cost calculation below. Application of ceramic blocks Cayman30 allows you to build country houses that meet all current standards, and in particular, those that meet SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings” for cities such as Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, without inclusion in the design of an external wall weak link- layer insulation. At the same time, the cost of constructing one square meter of housing will be one of the lowest when compared with any stone block, including in comparison with gas silicate blocks. Projects of houses made from ceramic blocks are included in the promotion Free house design . According to the terms of the promotion when purchasing ceramic blocks Cayman30 in our company we will refund you the cost you paid project documentation

The technology you are considering for a facade thermal insulation system with a thin plaster layer (“wet facade”) is shown below. The weak link of any structure that contains thermal insulation is the thermal insulation itself. The service life of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene does not exceed 30-35 years. This is due to the fact that the phenolic glue that connects the stone fibers of mineral wool gradually evaporates. In polystyrene foam, the thermal bonding of polystyrene foam balls is gradually destroyed due to cycles of freezing and thawing of moisture. Upon expiration of the standard service life, it will be necessary major renovation facade with complete replacement of thermal insulation. The bonded thermal insulation system was developed for the renovation of old buildings. Construction of new houses using this technology is not economically feasible. The second significant disadvantage of this technology is its complexity, caused by a large number of specialized materials, as well as operations that require highly qualified construction personnel and favorable weather conditions for work. And thirdly, with the existing disadvantages, you also pay much more for this technology.

Let's compare the materials under consideration: shell rock and ceramic blocks according to their characteristics and construction costs.

Looking ahead, I inform you that construction the house you are considering from ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman30, according to all characteristics superior to shell rock 20*20*40 150,762 rubles.

Let’s compare the materials under consideration: shell rock 20*20*40cm (2000kg/m3) and ceramic blocks Kerakam Cayman 30 according to characteristics.

1. Strength.

The strength of wall materials is determined by the maximum pressure of the distributed load on the test sample and is characterized by the number of kilograms of force (kgf) applied to one square centimeter of the surface of the material.

So ceramic block Kerakam Cayman30 has a strength grade of M75, which means that one square centimeter can withstand a load of 75 kg.

The strength grade of a shell rock block with an average density of 2000 kg/m 3 varies from M15 to M35 among different manufacturers. As a result, every third row of masonry should be reinforced, as shown in the photo below.

Ceramic block masonry Kerakam Kaiman 30 reinforced only at the corners of the building, a meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basalt-plastic mesh is used, placed in the masonry joint. Labor-intensive gating and subsequent covering of the reinforcement in the groove with glue is not required.

When installing ceramic blocks, masonry mortar is applied only along the horizontal joint of the masonry. The mason applies the mortar to one and a half to two meters of masonry at once and places each subsequent block along the tongue and groove. The laying is carried out very quickly.

When installing shell rock blocks, the solution must also be applied to the side surface of the blocks. Obviously, the speed and complexity of masonry with this installation method will only increase.

Also, sawing ceramic blocks is not difficult for professional masons. For this purpose, a reciprocating saw is used; gas silicate blocks are also sawed using the same saw. Only one block needs to be cut in each row of the wall.

2. The ability of the structures under consideration to resist heat transfer, i.e. keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer.

Below is a thermal engineering calculation performed according to the methodology described in SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings”. As well as an economic justification for the use of the Kerakam Kaiman 30 ceramic block when comparing the costs of building the house in question from shell rock blocks.

To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Sevastopol, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.

The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as the thermal resistance of the structure ( R, m 2 *S/W).

Let us determine the degree-day of the heating period, °C ∙ day/year, using the formula (SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings”) for the city Sevastopol.

GSOP = (t in - t from)z from,

Where,
t V- design temperature of the internal air of the building, °C, taken when calculating the enclosing structures of groups of buildings indicated in Table 3 (SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings”): according to pos. 1 - according to the minimum values ​​of the optimal temperature of the corresponding buildings according to GOST 30494 (in the range 20 - 22 °C);
t from- average outside air temperature, °C during the cold period, for Sevastopol meaning 4 ,7 °C;
z from- duration, days/year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for a period with an average daily outside air temperature of no more than 8 °C, for the city Sevastopol meaning 136 days.

GSOP = (20- (4.7))*136 = 2,080.80 °C*day.

The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings will be determined by the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings)

R tr 0 =a*GSOP+b

Where,
R tr 0- required thermal resistance;
a and b- coefficients, the values ​​of which should be taken according to Table No. 3 of SNiP “Thermal Protection of Buildings” for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value A should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4

R tr 0 =0.00035*2,080.8+1.4 = 2.1283 m 2 *S/W

Formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the structure under consideration:

R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158

Where,
Σ – symbol of layer summation for multilayer structures;
δ - layer thickness in meters;
λ - thermal conductivity coefficient of the layer material subject to operational humidity;
n- layer number (for multilayer structures);
0.158 is a correction factor, which, for simplicity, can be taken as a constant.

Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.

R r 0 = R 0 x r

Where,
r– coefficient of thermal technical homogeneity of structures with heterogeneous sections (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, vestibules, etc.)

According to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r for masonry of large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and shell rock blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 .

At the same time, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that

1. we recommend masonry using warm masonry mortar (this significantly levels out the heterogeneity at the joints);
2. as connections load-bearing wall and for the facing masonry we use not metal, but basalt-plastic connections, which conduct heat literally 100 times less than steel connections (this significantly levels out the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions);
3. The slopes of window and door openings, according to our design documentation, are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which eliminates heterogeneity in the areas of window and door openings, vestibules).

From what we can conclude - when following the instructions of our working documentation the masonry uniformity coefficient tends to unity. But in calculating the reduced thermal resistance R r 0 we will still use the table value of 0.98.

R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required.

We determine the operating mode of the building in order to understand what the thermal conductivity coefficient is λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance.

The method for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" . Based on the specified normative document, let's follow the step-by-step instructions. 1st step. Let's define shumidity level of the building region - Sevastopol using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings".

According to the table the city Sevastopol located in zone 1 (humid climate). We take value 1 - humid climate. 2nd step. Using Table No. 1 of SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings” we determine the humidity conditions in the room. At the same time, please note that during the heating season the air humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating season, air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. A humidity level of 40-50% is considered comfortable for humans. In order to raise the humidity level, it is necessary to ventilate the room, you can use air humidifiers, and installing an aquarium will help.

According to Table 1, the humidity conditions in the room during the heating period at air temperatures from 12 to 24 degrees and relative humidity up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. Using Table No. 2 of SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings” we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with the humidity column for the city of Sevastopol, as was found out earlier - this is the value wet .

Summary. According to the SNiP methodology "Thermal protection of buildings" in the calculation of conditional thermal resistance ( R0) value should be applied under operating conditions B, i.e. thermal conductivity coefficient must be used λb. Answer: Hello, Natalia. The house project you are considering 29-51 refers to a series of houses - The house project is designed using gas silicate blocks . The house project you are considering, in which a ceramic block is used as the load-bearing wall material Cayman30, presented in our catalog under number . Ceramic blocks Cayman30 superior gas silicate/aerated concrete blocks according to all the main characteristics: strength, heat saving. At the same time, the final costs will be lower when choosing ceramics. For more information on this, see the comparative cost calculation below. Application of ceramic blocks Cayman30 allows you to build country houses that meet all current standards, and in particular, those that meet SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings” for cities such as: Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Permian, Krasnoyarsk, without inclusion in the design of an external wall weak link- layer insulation. At the same time, the cost of constructing one square meter of housing will be one of the lowest when compared with any stone block, including in comparison with gas silicate blocks. Projects of houses made from ceramic blocks are included in the promotion Free house design . According to the terms of the promotion when purchasing ceramic blocks Cayman30 In our company we will refund you the cost of the design documentation you paid for. Let's compare the materials under consideration - gas silicate blocks and ceramic blocks - according to their characteristics and construction costs. Looking ahead, I inform you that the construction of the house you are considering from a ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman30, superior in all respects gas silicate block D500 , will be less expensive, the savings will be 100 109 rubles. You can see the calculation in numbers at the end of this answer. 1. Strength. The strength of wall materials is determined by the maximum pressure of the distributed load on the test sample and is characterized by the number of kilograms of force (kgf) applied to one square centimeter of the surface of the material. So ceramic block Cayman30 has a strength grade of M75, which means that one square centimeter can withstand a load of 75 kg. The strength grade of a gas silicate block with a density of 500 kg/m 3 varies from M35 to M50 among different manufacturers. As a result, according to the instructions of the manufacturers of gas silicate blocks, every third row of masonry should be reinforced, as shown in the photo below. Ceramic block masonry Kaiman 30 reinforced only at the corners of the building, a meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basalt-plastic mesh is used, placed in the masonry joint. Labor-intensive gating and subsequent covering of the reinforcement in the groove with glue is not required. When installing ceramic blocks, masonry mortar is applied only along the horizontal joint of the masonry. The mason applies the mortar to one and a half to two meters of masonry at once and places each subsequent block along the tongue and groove. The laying is carried out very quickly. When installing gas silicate blocks, the solution must also be applied to the side surface of the blocks. Obviously, the speed and complexity of masonry with this installation method will only increase. Also, sawing ceramic blocks is not difficult for professional masons. For this purpose, a reciprocating saw is used; gas silicate blocks are also sawed using the same saw. Only one block needs to be cut in each row of the wall. 2. The ability of the structures under consideration to resist heat transfer, i.e. keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer. Below is a thermal engineering calculation performed according to the methodology described in SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings”.As well as an economic justification for the use of the Kaiman30 ceramic block when comparing the costs of building the house in question from gas silicate blocks. To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Bronnitsy, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration. The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as the thermal resistance of the structure ( R, m 2 *S/W). Let us determine the degree-day of the heating period, °C ∙ day/year, using the formula (SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings”) for the city Bronnitsy. GSOP = (t in - t from)z from, Where, t V- design temperature of the internal air of the building, °C, taken when calculating the enclosing structures of groups of buildings indicated in Table 3 (SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings”): according to pos. 1 - according to the minimum values ​​of the optimal temperature of the corresponding buildings according to GOST 30494 (in the range 20 - 22 °C); t from- average outside air temperature, °C during the cold period, for the city. Bronnitsy meaning -3,4 °C; z from- duration, days/year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for a period with an average daily outside air temperature of no more than 8 °C, for the city Bronnitsy meaning 212 days. GSOP = (20- (-3.4))*212 = 4,960.8 °C*day. The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings will be determined by the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings) R tr 0 =a*GSOP+b Where, R tr 0- required thermal resistance; a and b- coefficients, the values ​​of which should be taken according to Table No. 3 of SNiP “Thermal Protection of Buildings” for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value A should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4 R tr 0 =0.00035*4 960.8+1.4 = 3.1363 m 2 *S/W Formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the structure under consideration: R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158 Where, Σ – symbol of layer summation for multilayer structures; δ - layer thickness in meters; λ - thermal conductivity coefficient of the layer material subject to operational humidity; n- layer number (for multilayer structures); 0.158 is a correction factor, which, for simplicity, can be taken as a constant. Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance. R r 0 = R 0 x r Where, r– coefficient of thermal technical homogeneity of structures with heterogeneous sections (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, vestibules, etc.) According to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r for masonry made of large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas silicate blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 . At the same time, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that we recommend masonry using warm masonry mortar (this significantly levels out the heterogeneity at the joints); as connections between the load-bearing wall and the facing masonry, we use not metal, but basalt-plastic connections, which conduct heat literally 100 times less than steel connections (this significantly eliminates the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions); The slopes of window and door openings, according to our design documentation, are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which eliminates heterogeneity in the areas of window and door openings, vestibules). From which we can conclude that when following the instructions of our working documentation, the coefficient of masonry uniformity tends to unity. But in calculating the reduced thermal resistance R r 0 we will still use the table value of 0.98. R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required. We determine the operating mode of the building in order to understand what the thermal conductivity coefficient is λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance. The method for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" . Based on the specified regulatory document, we will follow the step-by-step instructions. 1st step. Let's define saccording to the humidity of the building region - the city. Bronnitsy using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings". According to the table the city Bronnitsy located in zone 2 (normal climate). We accept value 2 - normal climate. 2nd step. Using Table No. 1 of SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings” we determine the humidity conditions in the room. At the same time, please note that during the heating season the air humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating season, air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. A humidity level of 40-50% is considered comfortable for humans. In order to raise the humidity level, it is necessary to ventilate the room, you can use air humidifiers, and installing an aquarium will help. According to Table 1, the humidity conditions in the room during the heating period at air temperatures from 12 to 24 degrees and relative humidity up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. Using Table No. 2 of SNiP “Thermal protection of buildings” we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with humidity column for the city Bronnitsy, as was found out earlier, this value normal. Summary. According to the SNiP methodology "Thermal protection of buildings" in the calculation of conditional thermal resistance ( R0) value should be applied under operating conditions A, i.e. thermal conductivity coefficient must be used λ a.

Ideas suburban construction found mass implementation in the early 90s of the last century. On 6-9 acres of land, the maintenance of which later became impossible for many. Through trial and error, the golden mean of construction was adopted. Modern plans for two-story houses allow you to comfortably accommodate the average family, allocating their own separate corner for each. The variety of proposals from design organizations makes it possible to choose your ideal option for comfortable housing.

When planning your own home, the developer can use standard plan or offer individual wishes for the project.

• First of all, you need to decide on the construction material. You can choose natural wood, gas silicate blocks, brick, foam blocks, ceramics or the combined use of building materials;
• individual designs of houses with 2 floors allow you to choose the optimal size of the premises and their purpose;
• Additionally, you can plan auxiliary elements: bay window, terrace.

In order to choose a construction material, it is necessary to study its properties and follow the entire technological process during the construction period. Then during operation there will be no unpleasant surprises.

When creating a private house project, it is necessary to take into account the interests of each family member. The largest room on the ground floor is reserved for the living room, where everyone gathers for a family dinner. You can also arrange it there. located on the second floor. Workshops are allocated in the basement.

This is a typical arrangement of rooms in a two-story project.

Advantages of two-story projects

The popularity of two-story construction is due to many reasons.

• Saving space. This is especially important for owners of small areas. A large family can be accommodated quite comfortably on two floors, without wasting precious land;
• Rooms of different directions are combined on two floors. You can increase functionality, and;
• the appearance of the project is carried out in any style from a classic log house to modern minimalism. Bay windows or terraces will provide additional functionality;
• The interior design of the interior can be decorated,. The imagination of designers is limitless in the use of interesting interior design elements.

Disadvantages of two-story houses

Despite all the obvious advantages, there are some features of two-story construction compared to one-story. Elderly people, small children and people with disabilities will find it quite difficult to climb to the second floor. Therefore, their placement must be planned on the ground floor or a convenient lift to the upper floor must be provided. should have wide steps with frequent steps and comfortable.

In addition, when building a two-story house, additional costs are required.

• Per device more than ;
• installation of reliable floors;
• installation ;
• connecting the necessary communications to the upper tier;
• increased consumption of building materials.

Before planning a two-story building, you need to weigh all the advantages and disadvantages. However, the idea of ​​such a house will improve comfortable living conditions for all family members.

The main difficulties of planning two-story houses

Only a specialized organization can carry out drawings and designs of houses or cottages; a ready-made plan can be offered free of charge as a bonus. In addition to the project, specialists must perform the necessary load calculations and select the appropriate materials. The layout of the second floor entails strengthening the base and selecting appropriate ones. Incorrect calculations entail the risk of structural collapse.

All internal communications must be carried out to the second floor. To do this, you should complete the project with complex wiring. In addition, it is necessary to think over a competent one. For this purpose, it may be suitable with a thermal fluid inside the circuit. It will ensure the circulation of hot water around the entire perimeter of the house.

Particular attention should be paid, which ensures the forced movement of water through the internal pipeline. Properly selected performance will eliminate problems during the cold season.

The construction of a two-story structure requires the installation of scaffolding. This is an additional cost item, however, without it it is impossible to lift materials and.

Our climate requires additional. This will also increase the cost of the house on the one hand, but will significantly save money on subsequent heating of the house.

Materials for the manufacture of two-story houses

A wide variety possible options makes the choice quite difficult. Each of them is good in its own way. You can build a tower from a log house or build a house from brick or gas silicate blocks. Many people focus on a modest budget, for which the ideal option would be to use frame technology. Let's look at the features of each material.

Wood

It is important to consider the location of the rooms in relation to the cardinal directions. The kitchen can be positioned with windows facing east or south, the living room has an exit to the west, and the bedroom - east. It is advisable to install a staircase on the north side of the house.

The location of streets must also be taken into account when planning. It is advisable to arrange rest rooms away from noisy passages.

An architect's advice will help you choose the right project.

Correct layout of the first floor

The correct layout must accommodate the required premises:

• living room;
• hall;
• vestibule.

Projects of large houses can allow you to organize a dining area, a place for a study, or a living space for guests. The room for installation can be planned both on the first and in the basement.

The golden mean of planning is considered to be a space with a minimum number of corridors; layout options can be found in catalogs of interesting photos of private house projects.

Correct layout of the second floor

It is not advisable to plan bedrooms above the garage. Above it you can consider installing a flight of stairs, a dressing room or a hall.

Rules for combining several rooms

The roof slope is the side of the room, the gables are the end. The installation of an attic allows you to increase the area. In fact, this is the third floor of the house at the cost of a two-story project.

Sloping walls allow you to implement non-standard techniques for decorating rooms.

When building an attic house, it is important to arrange it competently, well and think it through. There are many interesting photos of house projects with an attic on the Internet.

Related article:

Such designs can significantly increase living space. In the article we will look at projects and photos in detail finished buildings, useful tips, which will allow you to build a house yourself or with the help of specialists without errors.

Projects of two-story houses with a garage

The layout of houses and cottages with two floors can be supplemented by the construction of a garage in the basement or as an extension to the house. Only owners of large plots can afford a separate place. For construction, it is necessary to use the same materials and the same architectural direction as for the house, so as not to disturb the overall perception.

When installing a garage in the basement, an important element is the staircase. Under it you can arrange a storage area for winter preparations. It is important to consider good ventilation to avoid exhaust gases entering the room.

Features of a two-story house with a veranda

Adding a veranda to your home is the most successful project. On the veranda you can arrange a comfortable relaxation area or a winter garden.

Advantages of installing a veranda.

• A significant increase in space, this is especially important for the plan of a two-story house 6 by 6 m;
• comfortable rest;
• if the veranda is a continuation of the kitchen, this will allow the hostess to be close to the guests all the time.

The only disadvantages include additional areas for cleaning.

Review of two-story house projects

An individual house project is quite expensive. After all, it is a detailed plan for construction work, wiring of all communications, and connection to the area. In addition, he must undergo an examination, and this will take some time. You can save money and time and choose for yourself standard project, choosing a comfortable area taking into account the wishes of the whole family. Let's look at the most common projects of two-story houses with plans and photos.

Before choosing a project, you can look at some professional tips.

House layout 9 by 9 m

The layout of a two-story house 9 by 9 m is the most optimal area for the average family. The square perimeter will allow rational use of all rooms. A full second floor will allow you to make maximum use of the usable space by arranging 3 bedrooms, a spacious bathroom and a dressing room. The balcony can be used as a relaxation room or winter garden with good glazing.

Compact at first glance, the house has a large area for the implementation of the most daring plans. This will not be prevented by a small plot of land, on which there will be room for and.

Plan of a two-story house 10 by 10 m

The project of a two-story house 10 by 10 can easily be called a VIP project. The only thing you need when choosing such a plan is to have sufficient area. In a small area the house will look bulky. It is desirable that there is space left for additional buildings:, pond,.

The layout will allow for full-fledged recreation rooms, a bathroom and a dressing room on the attic floor. The only drawback is that it is advisable to order furniture for the attic floor according to an individual project, which will allow rational use of the entire usable area.

This is useful to know! For better illumination of the attic floor, you should use special structures instead of conventional glazing.

Project of a two-story house 7 by 7 m

The 7 by 7 m house layout has become very popular lately. Any material can be used for construction; there are no restrictions. It is important to take into account the characteristics of the land plot, the size of which must be at least 4 m². The shape of the plot can be of any configuration; a square house will harmoniously fit on any land.

The price of a house of this size will depend on the materials, technologies used and the region of development. Correct zoning of the first floor will allow you to place rooms of different functionality in a small area.

When choosing a project, you need to determine the different interests of family members.

House layout 6 by 8 m

Small house projects are among the most popular for the average family. They are suitable for land plots with an area of ​​8-9 acres. It could be country house. The rooms cannot be called spacious, but zoning techniques will visually expand the boundaries. 2 bedrooms on the second floor, a kitchen with a living room on the first floor, a garage with a boiler room and a laundry room in the basement.

A house project of 8 by 6 m is suitable for a family of 4-5 people.

House layout 6 by 10 m

Compact house project 6 by 10 m without a garage with a boiler room on the ground floor. The kitchen is quite spacious 13.0 sq.m. With this planning, you can clearly see how a corridor of 9.0 sq.m took the main place on the first floor. However, there is still room for a shared living room and a guest bedroom. There are spacious bathrooms on both floors.

On the second floor, one of the rooms was used as an office, the other as a dressing room. There were only 2 bedrooms for relaxation. In general, this project is intended for a family of 3-4 people.

House layout 9 by 6 m

The design of a 9 by 6 m house allows you to take an unconventional approach to accommodating family members. 4 bedrooms on the second floor and 2 on the first floor will allow you to organize life as much as possible for a family of 6 people. One of the rooms can be used as a guest room or dressing room. Placing a bathroom and bathroom only on the 1st floor is not very convenient. This project can be finalized by changing the internal piping to the 2nd floor.

With an area of ​​12.1 sq.m., the overall space is quite spacious, which can be divided by a bar counter.

The project can be called quite successful, since there are no corridors in it, only a small hall on the 1st and 2nd floors with an area of ​​4.9 and 5.3 sq.m., respectively. The highlight of the project is the balcony, which, with good glazing, can become a small winter garden.

Large two-story houses 12 by 12 m

The project of a two-story house 12*12 made of timber is suitable for a family of 4-5 people. On the ground floor there is a veranda, above which a balcony-terrace is built. The first floor was not burdened with partitions and the kitchen-living-dining room was combined in one area. There are 3 bedrooms on the second floor.