The preliminary design is the first stage of architectural design. At this stage, the style and appearance of the future building, its dimensions, shape, space-planning and spatial solutions, internal planning, zoning. A draft design of a house is a set of drawings that gives full view about what should happen during the construction process. It is the main document for the house and is part of the documents required to obtain permission to build a house in the authorities.

The composition of the Draft project of the house:

The cost of the preliminary design of the house*:

Deadline for the implementation of the Draft Design of a private house: 3-4 weeks.

2. Architectural project of the house (AR) .

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● 3D computer rendering

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The term for the implementation of the Architectural project of a private house: 4-6 weeks.

If you yourself drew or found on the Internet a sketch of a layout that suits you, then you can . In this case, the project will cost you less!

The architectural and construction project consists of two sections:

The cost of the architectural and construction project*:

We often encounter misconceptions among customers about the composition of the Architectural Working Design (it is called AR). For many, these are general ideas about its composition, for some, the opinion is that this architectural section of the project is just “plans, facades, sections ...”, there are also those who consider it an unnecessary waste of time and money.

Our opinion is that this is not entirely true, or rather it is not at all :). this is an integral, important and complete part of the entire project, in most cases the constructive section (CS) is closely related to the AR and most of the sheets of the CS section refer specifically to the architectural section. They complement, clarify each other, and only both sets of AR and KR can be called a full-fledged working project for the construction of a private house. Today we want to specific example show what the detailed should contain architectural working project for the construction of a private house. And as an example, we will take our project, which was developed this spring and is currently being implemented. The price of an architectural project of a private house depends on the area of ​​​​the house, on the complexity terms of reference and the necessary terms for the development of the project - first get acquainted.

We must say that this project is not a reference one and it is difficult to say that the number and composition of drawings in AR projects can be typical, since each project has its own nuances and features, depending on this, it can be supplemented with various kinds of diagrams and drawings.

1. Title page of the project.

   It is given short description project

2. Project visualization.

   3D renderers that give an understanding of the appearance of the house

   

3. Common data.

   This is a table that lists all the drawings in the project, gives general instructions and a couple more statements.

   

4. General instructions for masonry

   On this sheet, the architect describes what materials the house will be built from, how the walls are laid, and what nuances the customer should pay special attention to.

   

5. Insolation scheme

   A diagram showing how and for how long one or another side of the house will be illuminated.

   

6. General plan or scheme of the planning organization of the relief.

   One of the most important drawings of the project. It gives an understanding of how the house is tied to the boundaries of the site in accordance with the regulations and how the relief will be organized after construction. The same drawing is included in the building passport for obtaining a building permit. In particular, in this project we dealt with a complex relief on a slope and worked out a 3D view of the relief so that the builders could see it more clearly.

   

   

7. Masonry floor plans.

   Almost all builders use this part of the project at the construction site, but most of the time it belongs to masons who are laying walls, partitions, chimneys and channels. All dimensions, piers are indicated here, windows and doors are tied, notes and symbols are given.

   

8. Floor plans.

   This drawing is similar to the masonry plan, but it is on the marking plan that window and door openings, types of floors are indicated and marked, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises and the table-list of premises are given.

   

9. Roof plan.

   The drawing shows the overall dimensions of the roof, binding to the axes. Gives an understanding of the main height marks of the characteristic parts of the roof: ridges, valleys, overhangs, gables, etc. Sometimes our design team includes a 3D chart with elevations and slopes of the roof in this sheet to make it easier for customers and builders to grasp the essence.

   

10. Facades of the house.

    Well, everything is clear without explanation. This is the face of the house, on the drawing of the facade, all levels and marks are visible, the bricklayer always works with the masonry plan and the facade. This is how a complete understanding of which pier begins where and to what mark the laying is carried out is achieved.

    

    

Usually there are at least three or four of them, and they also clarify the understanding of the overall picture inside the house.



11. Details of walls or sections along walls.

    In fact, these are cuts only on a larger scale and there are much more of them than 2-3. Since the scale of such sections is usually 1:20, 1:30, then here you can see the “order” of the masonry - that is, the height of the row with the mortar joint and understand how many rows of masonry will be, for example, under the window and above the window. Information is also given here on how the masonry is reinforced, how decorative elements are arranged, etc.

    

12. Ventilation ducts and chimneys.

    

13. Explication of walls and bill of materials.

    The material consumption specification gives the customer an understanding of what wall materials he needs to purchase and in what quantity. By the way, this is one of the most asked questions by customers 🙂

    

14. Scheme of window blocks and doors.

    Schemes of windows and doors are presented. Information is given on the number and size of windows and doors per floor and the total number for the entire house.

    

    

Schematic representation of the floors of the house, their composition and area.

With this post, our project team wants to provide insight for customers who have not yet encountered a construction site and do not know what information they should receive. . We would also like to protect our future customers from dishonest and incompetent designers. Knowing how much information you will receive when ordering an architectural project, it will be more difficult to deceive you. Demand from architects and designers that the AR give answers to all questions about the construction, and not be something like “planks and facades with cuts” 🙂 Or just contact us - we love complex and interesting tasks!

Have a nice and big Vacation home many dream. For a dream to become a reality, it is necessary. At modern project there can be many architectural solutions. There are no restrictions here. Dreaming on your own is difficult with no experience. There are 2 options to deal with this task.

You can contact construction companies who are involved in the creation of architectural plans. Based on them, it is easy to get an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat the future structure will be like.

Project and architectural plan of a two-story house

Another option is to try to make the necessary drawings yourself. The construction plan will help to complete. After looking at the appearance of the building and landscape design, the owner can start creating his project. Modern buildings differ from structures that were built at the end of the last century. Apply the latest architectural solutions to your project.

The software helps to draw up a project with the necessary space-planning solutions for the future home, to determine the type of construction.

You will find a professional set of necessary tools for architectural design in the ArchiCAD program.

An example of an architectural plan of a building created in ArchiCAD

This product is suitable for professional architects, builders and designers. The program is used not only for three-dimensional modeling.

It represents a complete set of professional solutions. This means that the product allows you to fully maintain the required documentation.

It is easy to draw with the program. It is possible to maintain a specification of materials or construction and technical documentation of structures.

Characteristics of the ArchiCAD computer program

The product was developed by the world famous company Graphisoft. It is indispensable when you need to create a building plan. Benefits of the program:

Read also

Architectural visualization of various objects

To make working with ArchiCAD easier, there are many tutorials and reference books. If you wish, you can find a master class where they explain in detail how to make drawings of a specific building site. The use of ArchiCAD expands the possibilities for the construction of structures.

Creation of an architectural plan one-story house in ArchiCAD

Dedicated video programs guide users through the steps required to run a project and configure settings. After watching the video, you can understand how the axes are built for the future architectural object.

After downloading the software to your computer, you can practice installing the design grid. The design of the foundation is carried out taking into account the features of the structures and the characteristics of the site. ArchiCAD will help plan the flooring of the foundation of the house.

Features of Home&Landscape Design

When creating a house project, it is convenient to use the easy-to-learn Home&Landscape Design program. Powerful tools allow you not only to make drawings of a site or building, but also to perform the required calculations with an estimate of costly materials. This designer is suitable for both beginners and professionals. Dedicated tool provides fast drag and drop finished project buildings.

Creating an architectural plan in Home&Landscape Design

All the advantages of Home&Landscape Design:

1. A set of tools allows you to model the interior and exterior of the house in the program. The plan and drawings can be presented in 2D or 3D.
2. Resize objects as you wish. The Home tab has various types of structures and foundations. If the standard building drawings do not suit you, it is possible to find an interesting option for an architectural solution in the library.
3. Any created model and or buildings can be viewed on a computer in 3D format. Building layouts are easy to assemble. When the project is completed, it can be printed on paper or cardboard. architectural layout structures and the site is great for presentations.
4. The program provides the ability to maintain detailed technical documentation. Well-designed video tutorials allow you to quickly learn how to use Home&Landscape Design. Creating drawings becomes easy.

Consider what recommendations the designer should follow when developing a plan for a private house (as well as a plan overhaul residential buildings, plan frame house, architectural plan of the house, working on the problem: houses, apartments layout)

After reviewing architectural plan of the house, you can find out not only the size of housing, but also the number of rooms, utility rooms. The plan clearly shows how the rooms of the house are interconnected - what is usually called the arrangement of rooms. By the way, in the second part of this article you can read about the rules and the building construction plan from the point of view of housing legislation

It goes without saying that the functional and operational properties of a dwelling are organically dependent on the nature of the layout of the dwelling.

The most complete use of the spaces of the house increases the so-called. "quality of housing". The house should have places for recreation, solitude, entertainment, etc.

Room functions. Naturally, the future owners themselves decide which rooms to divide the house into. In general, the premises can be divided into several groups. The main ones can be called two - premises for daytime use, as well as for night use.

So, for example, the living room, dining room and kitchen in the specialized literature are referred to as the premises of the daily zone, since they are most often used during the day.

Individual house design, cottage(two-story), and also imply that the above premises are preferably located on the ground floor, since close proximity to nature (garden) is of great importance for psychologically comfortable communication. These rooms require the most sunlight. They try to locate them from the southwest, southeast or south side.

The night zone includes sleeping quarters, a bathroom and a wardrobe. These are the so-called private rooms. They should not be placed on the sunny side. An exception may be the bedroom - it is desirable that sunlight falls into its windows in the morning. Orient these rooms to the east, northeast and southeast. In houses with more than one floor, the night zone rooms are usually located on one of the upper floors.

Link diagram. The figure below shows the relationship between rooms in different zones.

On architectural plans Premises, as a rule, are indicated by numbers, and then an explanation of their functional purpose is given on the explication. Sometimes letter abbreviations are used to symbolize premises: K-r- corridor; Mrs.- living room; St-I- dining room; K-I- kitchen; Cl.- pantry; Sp.- bedroom; V-I- bathroom; G-b- wardrobe; WC- toilet

Those who had to build themselves know how independent work begins. house design, cottage and so on. Usually these are pencil sketches on a sheet of paper, where the general arrangement of the premises is outlined. This period is associated with arguments and disputes, such as: where is it better to place the living room and how will it communicate with the kitchen, how to carve out an area for a small office without significantly reducing the size of the bedroom, etc.

For a one-story house, there are options, for a multi-storey house - their own. IN two-storey houses on the second floor, an attic or attic is often arranged.

Wish rating: making up plan of a private house or residential building overhaul plan, the architect must get acquainted with the wishes of the customer, which will give him a lot of necessary information. The architect determines how best to connect different rooms functionally and compositionally, how to organize the interior space, in which room how much sunlight should be, etc. The architect is familiar with the design of the building, knows where it is possible to increase the load by placing a mezzanine, to what size wall and window openings should be changed without violating the overall composition of the dwelling.

Several different house architectural plans(click on the image to enlarge). The first is a long rural house (obsolete type). Through the covered veranda you can get into the rooms and into the middle room - the kitchen. The second and third are plans for American single-family homes. Entering the house, we immediately find ourselves in a living room, which also serves as a reception for guests. At the back of the house there is a kitchen, which has two exits - one to the dining room, and the second to another living room. Feature - the rooms can be accessed from the garage.

Movement within housing. The location of the premises determines the nature of movement within the dwelling. At the same time, the location of the entrance to the house is fundamental. It goes without saying that the intimate areas of the family should be located away from the entrance and from places of heavy traffic. The hallway (corridor) space can be increased only at the expense of the living room space. Therefore, already when drawing up a plan, the hallway space must be designed very thoughtfully: it should be minimal in size, but as compact and comfortable as possible. The figures show the interdependence of the location of the entrance to the house and the size of the corridor.

By creating architectural plan of the house, remember: access to any living space must be provided directly from the hallway!

From this point of view, our conclusions can be schematically represented as follows:

1. the shortest possible corridor; 2. longer corridor = requires more space; 3. requires even more space; 4. too much space for movement; 5. broken contour = less room to move around.

Designing a house, a cottage should include determining the optimal ratio between living space and corridor area.

Lightweight structures and greater openness (visibility) of the premises from the outside are characteristic of houses of modern construction. From prying eyes, of course, the intimate part of the home (bathroom, toilet, bedroom) is hidden.

A large continuous space can be "split" - either by changing the shape of the perimeter of the building (the architect's task), or by using mobile furniture structures and specially designed wall cabinets (the designer's task). In the latter case, it remains possible to change the appearance of the interior from time to time. Naturally, movement around the house should remain as free as possible. It should not be considered successful if one of the rooms serves as a corridor at the same time (for example: an internal "blind" room in old communal houses).

Houses, apartments - layout and layout in space: The house can be one-story, two- or multi-story, or "broken" if it stands on a steep slope. (Sometimes the word "cascading" is used instead of the term "broken").

Plan of a private one-story house. A house is considered one-story if the difference in the heights of the floors of its premises above ground level does not exceed 2-3 stairs. Rooms with different floor heights belong to different zones.

Plan of a one-story, well-viewed house with a garden. The day zone (it is shaded in yellow) is a public space, clearly separated from the night zone - an intimate space (it is shaded in purple). Since the house stands on a slope, the rooms of the daily zone are lowered one by two stairs relative to the other (about 30 cm). If the height of the ceilings is the same everywhere, then the rooms of both zones are arranged relative to each other like terraces, using all the advantages of morning (from the east) and afternoon (from the west) sunlight.

Plan of a private house: two-story houses. The floors of the two-story house are connected to each other by means of an internal staircase. The entrance to the house and the premises of the day zone are usually located on the first floor, and the premises of the night zone - on the second. Sometimes they arrange two bathrooms: one on each of the floors (for example, on the lower floor there is a shower, and on the upper floor there is a room with a bath). Toilets, in accordance with modern trends, it is desirable to provide on each floor. It is easy to guess that the bedroom of a two-story dwelling provides more intimacy than the bedroom of a one-story dwelling. If the house stands on a steep slope, then the difference in the heights of the floors of individual parts of the dwelling above ground level can reach 1.30-1.40 m, that is, half a floor ("broken" house). This circumstance can be advantageously used when dividing the dwelling into functional zones.

Frame house plan: two-story house,in which a family of three generations lives. On the ground floor there is a daytime common area: a kitchen-dining room, a living room (shaded in yellow), as well as a bedroom for the older generation (grandparents) with a separate bathroom (shaded in purple). On the second floor are the father's and mother's bedrooms and the children's bedroom, each with its own bathroom. The visual connection between the floors is ensured by the fact that from the gallery on the second floor you can see the premises of the day zone of the first floor.

Frame house plan: Two-story single-family house.On the ground floor there are common family premises of the daily zone: living room, dining room, kitchen, pantry. Taking into account current trends, two rooms near the entrance can be used as an office, shop or other private enterprise. On the top floor there are three rooms, each of which can be accessed from the hall, as well as a combined bathroom.

CHANGES IN THE INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSE OVER TIME

Changes in family composition. The house can serve its residents for a very long time, decades. However, over time, the composition of the family changes, which may necessitate the reorganization of the home, the development home renovation plan. The easiest option is to change the functions of the rooms, for example, move older children to a larger room. However, sometimes this is not enough, and you need to turn to a specialist who reorganizes the home, linking rooms in a new way or changing the size of the functional space. Such a reorganization of the home involves not only moving partitions; an architect or designer can offer other solutions. We will talk about them in detail in the next lessons.

The figures below show how the composition of the family affects the organization of the home, how the appearance of the house, apartment, its layout changes over time (click on the picture to enlarge).

Also pay attention to one more picture. The examples illustrate the reorganization of space occupied by children (click to enlarge).

HOUSING ASSOCIATION (house overhaul plan)

When designing a house, cottage, etc. it may be necessary to combine not only the premises of one dwelling, but also two neighboring dwellings. This requires a more serious approach and calculations on the part of the designer, since it is possible to weaken the load-bearing elements of the building!