Do Vacation home Little things help make you feel more comfortable, for example, a small fountain in the garden, an old fireplace or a large terrace overlooking the surroundings. Building a terrace is not as difficult as it seems. The main thing is to make a plan in advance, moreover, with the maximum number of details. First of all, it is about choosing a suitable place, calculating the area and buying building materials.

Note that a terrace can be built anywhere - near the house, on the roof, in the form of a balcony, etc. But the option is more common at the level of the house, so this design will be considered.

Terraces are divided into many types, depending on architecture, style, design, etc. We will consider the classification according to design features, according to which terraces are divided into:

• open;
• closed.

The open design is different in that it is used exclusively in summer. It is a small canopy installed on a specially equipped platform and fenced with decorative half-walls.

The closed terrace, unlike the open one, can be used all year round. This is a medium-sized room equipped with ventilation, in which, with high-quality heating, you can relax in the winter.

Note! Separately, it is worth mentioning the universal terraces, both summer and winter. In principle, this is an ordinary open structure, which is equipped with doors and ready-made double-glazed windows for the winter. Such a transformation must be thought out in advance.

What will be required in the work

It is impossible to build a terrace without the necessary tools, so first you need to prepare the following equipment:

• jigsaw;
• building level;
• roulette;
• chisel;
• hammer;
• screwdriver
• drill;
• marker;
• staples;
• shovel;
• brushes.

In addition, finishing materials will be needed - boards, cement, antiseptic, iron blank for construction, paint.

Stage 1. Design

If possible, the presence of a terrace should be provided for even when drawing up a house project. This will allow you to build it on the same foundation with the building, which will only strengthen the structure. But if the terrace is built later, then you will have to draw up a new project, for which you need to contact one of the specialized architectural companies.

This project specifies:

• climatic conditions;
• type and depth of soil freezing;
• average thickness of snow cover;
• the state of the wall to which the structure will adjoin;
• the area and dimensions of the future terrace;
• planned building materials.

Note! For the construction of an open-type terrace, no permits are needed. It does not even need a foundation, as it is officially considered a temporary extension.

For a closed structure, permission is required, because this is already a redevelopment of the house. Finished project provided to the chief district architect. If the project is approved, then all the necessary adjustments are made to the documentation for the house (without this, the property cannot be sold or inherited).

Stage 2. Choosing a place

If everything is in order with the documents, you can decide on the place. This is one of the most important stages of work, since the aesthetics and ease of use depend on it.

In most cases, an extension is made to the wall on which the front door is located. So the design will serve not only as a recreation area, but also as a vestibule and a porch. In addition, a terrace can be built around the entire perimeter of the house - with one exit or several at once.

The front door is not the only option. You can arrange a terrace, say, from the side of the living room and equip a door in the room.

Note! In the northern regions of the country, it is better to build an extension on the south side and equip it with a wide canopy. In warm regions, a recreation area is located on the east or south side, moreover, in absolute shade.

Also, when choosing a place for future construction, it is worth considering the wind rose, especially where strong winds are often observed. The extension should be placed so that the walls of the main building protect it.

Stage 3. Selection of materials

A great way to save money is to use building materials left after building a house. Bricks, stones - all this can be used when building a foundation. But if the materials are bought, then you need to choose only the highest quality ones, because the design must withstand both the winter cold and the scorching heat.

Stage 4. Form of extension

The choice of geometric shapes in this case is practically unlimited. The best option is a rectangular terrace, but for the sake of originality, you can resort to more complex shapes, such as, for example, a hexagon or any other polygon.

Regardless of the form, any terrace consists of three main elements:

• foundation;
• auxiliary elements;
• flooring.

Stage 5. Foundation

First, find out if a foundation is needed for the extension. If you believe the experts, then yes, it is needed, especially for long-term operation. And even if for this you need to draw up a plan, get permission from architects and neighbors, then you can be sure that the terrace will stand for more than a decade, and will not need annual reconstruction. Of course, only with proper care.

The sequence of actions when laying the foundation is as follows.

Step 1. The place of the future structure is marked, after which metal pins are driven in around the entire perimeter, and twine is pulled over them.

Step 2. Temporary supports are placed on the corners (for example, a pair of paving slabs) and side logs are installed. It is necessary to focus on the fact that the terrace should be located about 0.5 m above the ground.

Step 3. Horizontal level is leveled with a building level, if necessary, construction waste is placed under the tile. It is worth remembering that the logs must be made at a slight slope (at least two degrees) from the house to drain precipitation.

Step 4. The twine is aligned on the top of the log and firmly fixed.

Step 5. The lags are removed and the actual construction of the foundation begins. First, stone columns are placed in the corners, their height should be equal to the height of the support.

Step 6. A trench breaks out between the two columns. It is poured with concrete and curbs for sidewalks are inserted so that they are ½ underground. The surface is leveled, the solution hardens.

Step 7. A similar structure is created on the opposite side of the foundation, and the voids formed next to the curbs are covered with sand.

Stage 6. Flooring

Step 1. Logs are installed on the columns and fastened with screws.

Step 2. Places of future fastening of wooden beams are marked.

Step 3. The bars are stacked and connected to the logs by means of metal corners.

Step 4. Boards are creeping. The best option larch is considered because it is perfectly adapted for outdoor use. The approximate dimensions of the boards are 3x15 cm.

Note! The boards are not laid end-to-end, but with a small gap for air circulation - this will prevent the terrace from rotting.

Step 5. The edges of the flooring are aligned with an electric jigsaw.

Step 6. The coating is painted and varnished.

It is worth remembering that if decking is used instead of boards, then laying should be started with a centimeter indent from the wall.

Stage 7. Auxiliary elements

Such elements include everything that will make the summer extension more comfortable - for example, fencing, roofing, flower pergolas, and so on. It is the auxiliary elements that give the design originality.

Usually terraces are fenced with wooden parapets or screens, but there are also expensive forged products covered with climbing plants. Although this is an optional structural element, without it the safety of the residents of the house may be at risk, even if the height is small - 50 cm.

To protect from rain, the terrace must be equipped with a roof. In our case, the extension is located close to the house, so it is preferable to apply the same coating as on the main building. In addition, there are several other options.

In conclusion - a thematic video.

Video - Do-it-yourself terrace to the house

The veranda to the house is an excellent solution for those who want to acquire additional space not only for summer holidays, but also for full-fledged year-round use. After looking at the photos of these extensions, you can see for yourself their versatility, aesthetics and other advantages. And the fact that you can even build a veranda with your own hands, without the help of specialists, is especially attractive. We suggest you figure out how to quickly and efficiently attach a new room to your wooden house: what project needs to be prepared, what foundation to fill, how to mount the frame and other components.

Preparation for construction

Before the direct construction of a wooden veranda, it is necessary to prepare a project. It must contain the following information:

• dimensions of the veranda - width and length;
• the location of the future veranda: from the facade, from the end or at the corner of the house;
• entry point: from the room, separate from the street or through, that is, through the courtyard into the house;
• door location.

After the project is prepared, take care of issuing a building permit. The construction of the veranda is officially considered a rebuilding of the house, so it must be coordinated with the local office of architecture. You must provide the following documents to the appropriate authority:

• House project;
• project of the future veranda;
• a document that confirms that you are the owner of the site;
• restructuring application.

As practice shows, the project approval procedure takes about two months - keep this in mind when planning construction work.

What happens if you complete the building without permits? The veranda is included in the total area of ​​the house, so its uncoordinated construction can be regarded by the BTI as an unauthorized change in living space, which will entail a fine.

When the issue with permits is closed, proceed to prepare the site for the construction of the veranda. In particular, you need to free the site from debris and all green spaces, as well as remove part of the turf. If you plan to attach a veranda to the facade of the house, you need to remove the canopy over the entrance and the porch.

Foundation pouring

The veranda, as a rule, is erected either on a strip or on a column foundation. How do they differ and how to equip them?

The columnar foundation allows you to build a wooden veranda autonomously from the main foundation of the house, therefore this option relatively easy to perform. First you need to mark up and dig holes for the posts. If a small veranda is planned, then four columns in the corners will be enough, but for an overall structure it is better to make holes around the entire perimeter in increments of 50 cm.

Advice. To prevent heaving of the soil, the depth of the pits should be slightly below the freezing level of the soil, that is, at least one meter.

Next, fill each hole with a layer of sand 20 cm and fill it with concrete to ground level. When the concrete dries, coat the resulting post with bitumen and, if there are gaps, fill it with sand again. The ground part of the column can be made from any timber. The height of this support must exactly match the height of the main foundation of the house.

For large-sized verandas, it is better to fill in a strip foundation. It is built in several stages:

Arrangement of the subfloor and frame

Before you start working with the frame, you need to lay the subfloor. It is done like this:

• Fill the subfloor with expanded clay material for insulation.
• Cover the foundation with ruberoid.
• Prepare the logs, treat them with an antiseptic and fix them on the foundation.
• Lay cutting boards on top.

Next, grab the frame. It is better to build it from 10 x 10 cm bars. First, fix the bottom trim of the timber on the draft floor, connecting it at the corners using the “direct lock” method. Every 50 cm, cut small grooves in the beams for mounting vertical racks, and then install these racks, strengthening them with staples or nails for maximum fixation. The height of the supports should not be the same: the closer to the wall of the house, the higher the racks - this is necessary for the subsequent installation of a shed truss system. Also, when erecting racks, it is important to designate openings for doors and windows.

Then, on the received supports, it is necessary to fix the bars of the upper trim. This part of the frame will perform two functions at once: play the role of a base for the roof truss system and ensure the stability of the entire structure of the veranda.

Advice. In order to prevent the upper trim from deforming during subsequent construction work, it is better to fix it with temporary spacers.

Roof and floor installation

It is desirable that the roof of the veranda be flatter than the main roof of the house. And, as already mentioned, it is better to give preference to single-sided options. Such a roof is mounted as follows:

1. On the already installed rafter system, fix a dense crate of unedged boards.
2. Lay roofing material on the crate and secure it with bunches.
3. Lay heat and moisture insulating material on top.
4. Fix the main roof.

As for the arrangement of the floor, on the veranda you can use both a traditional floorboard and solid wood. Especially if the room is closed, that is, fully glazed. The flooring must be laid on traditional logs, pre-installed on the bottom trim. At the same time, the boards themselves must be mounted perpendicular to the lags. The method of fixing the floor can be anything: self-tapping screws, bunches, the tongue and groove system - depending on what kind of finish you choose.

Frame sheathing

Wall cladding is the most important stage in the construction of the veranda, since the operational and aesthetic characteristics of the entire extension largely depend on the quality of the work performed and the quality of the finishing material itself. The frame stitching includes the following processes:

• In the area where windows are supposed to be placed, install a window sill - it should be located approximately half a meter from the floor covering. Attach the board to the vertical supports.
• Sheathe the frame on the outside with wood material that stylistically matches the decoration of the main house. Attach the tree to the supports with self-tapping screws or nails.

• Lay insulation and waterproofing film on the exterior finish - they will protect the veranda from heat loss and moisture ingress. And don't forget to leave appropriate openings for windows and doors.
• On top of the heat and waterproofing, lay the internal finishing material: chipboard, lining or any other variation of wood. Fasten to the frame with the same screws or nails.

Installation of windows and doors

Windows must be installed in the gap between the window sill beam and the upper trim. For the veranda, both deaf and opening or sliding products are suitable. The general workflow is as follows:

• Using a level, carefully place in the opening window block and fix it with nails or wedges.
• Close the remaining gaps between the supports and the block with tow - later it will need to be hidden under the casing.
• The final stage is the installation of the frame in the window block and direct glazing.

The door must be installed strictly in the opening that was marked at the design stage - it is not recommended to change the location during the construction process, since any adjustments must be re-agreed in the appropriate authority. The door frame begins to be fixed with upper anchors, aligning the horizontal threshold with the building level. Then the lower anchors are attached - here you need to maintain the verticality of the box supports. Then grooves for the lock and hinges are cut out in the structure, after which the door itself is hung.

Remember that only if you strictly follow the instructions for building a veranda, you will get the desired result of your work: a beautiful, functional and comfortable extension that will delight you all year round.

How to attach a veranda to a small house: video

Attach a veranda to the house with your own hands: photo

Having built a veranda, you can make your house more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project even before the start of construction - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and it will turn out to be stronger.

However, if such an opportunity was missed, you should not be upset, since attaching a veranda to the house after the completion of its construction is absolutely realistic - you just need to study the technology of work and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important in the construction of such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself using various software. However, if you do not have a special education, it is better to contact the design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing the type of veranda

The veranda attached to the house can have a very different look. All such structures can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace organically fits into the overall exterior of the house, becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The shape of the building also differs. The simplest and most affordable option is the usual rectangular veranda. More complex will be a rounded, curved design. You can also attach polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or more walls, or even forming a whole belt around the whole house. It is not necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: a brick terrace is attached to a brick building, it is better to attach a log or timber veranda to a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

The easiest way to build - the object made from it is easy to process, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. It is also simple and inexpensive to create a design from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to the house, most likely, you will need the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction Site Analysis

One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is to study the technical nuances and bring the characteristics of the future building in line with the conditions of the area. The quality and durability of the structure will be affected by several factors:

• soil type;
• the condition of the wall of the building to which it is planned to attach the veranda;
• climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation and much more depend on these parameters.

Documents receiving

This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on the construction of the terrace from start to finish is done independently. The project of the veranda and other technical documentation will help to obtain permission to change the design and registration certificate of the house. According to the law, construction approval is required in the following instances:

1. local self-government body;
2. fire safety authorities;
3. sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and the plot are yours, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including attaching a terrace. However, without all permits and a documented project, the terrace will legally be an illegal addition to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, exchange it; it will also be impossible to get a loan from a bank on the security of a house.

Foundation construction

When the project is completed, and all permits are obtained, it will be possible to proceed with the actual construction work. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to make this part of the building right?

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical characteristics to the foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops, due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will disperse, a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.

• A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will cause the weaker structure to collapse - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is attached in the “thorn-groove” way - it will slide around the house like on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
• If the house has been standing for a long time, and the shrinkage is over, a rigid connection of the terrace with it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of a waterproofing material (for example, roofing paper) is used and the connection is treated with mounting foam.

It will not work to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the foundations of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case, the terrace floor must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

• the tree does not allow heat from the room to flow into the ground;
• it is durable;
• wood is completely safe for health;
• such a floor practically does not require decorative processing, since the material itself is very beautiful - just cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements of the veranda must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from decay, damage by fungal and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build an ordinary . The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants, hedges, as a fence. If it is planned to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next step after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.

A lightweight frame made of wood is done like this.

1. Along the perimeter of the floor, bars are laid, connected to each other by a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching racks in increments of about 50 cm.
2. Racks are fixed in grooves with metal brackets.
3. From above, the racks are tied with a beam.
4. We make rafters for the roof.

A light metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts - 125 mm.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:

• wooden or plastic lining;
• metal siding;
• timber;
• decorative brick and much more.

The main thing is the conformity and appearance of the house.

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this, embedded steel elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and they are laid in the wall structures of the terrace at the construction stage and fixed with a cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. Such a fence consists of racks, balusters and railings.

Roofing

The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is observed.

The main terrace is a truss system consisting of a wooden beam and a crate made of boards. The task of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Then the next work is done.

The presence of a beautiful veranda in the country makes it even more attractive and comfortable. This room will be a great place to meet guests or for a home tea party. We will talk about how to build a summer veranda and options for its design further.

Summer veranda - location features

Almost any veranda is an extension and is never built as a separate building. Most often, verandas are attached to the main building, in our case, to the dacha. In most cases, the veranda is located near the facade or end section with the front door. In the latter version, the entrance to the house involves a passage along the veranda.

There are two main types of verandas:

• summer or open buildings;
• winter - closed.

Summer verandas photo:

The summer veranda has incomplete walls that occupy a certain part of it, in addition, there are no windows in it, and the structure consists of a frame.

While the closed version is distinguished by the presence of a large number of glazed windows, making the room very bright and spacious.

In the process of designing a veranda, one should take into account its harmony with the appearance of the building itself. If the cottage is made of wood, then the veranda should also be wooden. The size of the veranda is of great importance, for a small and compact cottage it is necessary to equip the same veranda, a large one in this case will look out of place.

It is possible to combine a porch and a place for spending free time on the open veranda. With the help of the presence of wooden railings and a large number of plants, the room will become cozier and more attractive.

Enclosed verandas are used as hallways if installed in front of the front door or dining room when installed elsewhere.

Verandas, in most cases, are used only in the warm season, and in winter they are not heated, because due to the large number of windows, they require a lot of energy for heating.

Initial stage: drafting a summer veranda

Any extension that is being built on the territory of a private house or cottage must be documented. Since during their sale or execution of certain documents, you will have to do with a fine, if there are uncertified extensions.

The first stage of the construction of the veranda involves contacting design organizations to calculate the veranda and design it. After carrying out all the calculations, taking into account the individual requirements of the consumer and the characteristics of the structure, the organization issues a certified project.

Taking with you a passport, a project and an application for a desire to build an extension, you should contact certain authorities that will coordinate and approve the construction.

At the end of the construction process, the building registration will need to be updated.

In addition to collecting the necessary documentation, First stage involves the purchase and preparation of materials for construction. The most important principle in this matter is the correspondence of the material from which the house is made to the materials for the construction of the veranda.

Do-it-yourself summer veranda: manufacturing features

A fairly simple option for constructing a summer veranda is a frame-type construction. When arranging its foundation, roof, walls, you do not need to spend a lot of money, and the result will please everyone.

When the drawings are ready, and the materials are purchased, you should proceed to the main stage of work - construction. The first stage is the construction of the foundation for the veranda.

To do this, you will need to make markings, prepare the surface, having previously cleaned it of debris and dirt. Next, the top layer of soil is removed and the foundation is built. For such a structure, it is possible to construct a shallow-depth strip foundation. It will require a lot of time and financial resources. An alternative to such a foundation is a columnar one. One or two days is enough for its construction.

Construction instructions column foundation for the veranda:

• digging holes located at the corners of the building, when constructing a large veranda, it is possible to dig additional holes;
• the depth of the wells must be more than one meter;
• installation of a gravel-sand cushion - the next stage, protecting the posts from shrinkage of the soil;
• waterproofing works using bitumen will improve the quality characteristics of the foundation;
• arrangement of a concrete base, fifteen centimeters thick;
• erection of pillars from any of the above materials.

The height of the pillars and the depth of the foundation depend on the height of the floor itself in the house. The roof of the built veranda should be placed under the roof of the main house, therefore, when arranging the foundation, one should take into account the fact that the floor in the veranda should be at least 25 cm lower than the usual floor in the house.

The next stage requires the creation of a frame that is strong and stable. It is on it that all wall components will be attached. The manufacturing technology of the frame depends on the material for the construction of the veranda and the previously prepared drawing.

Consider the arrangement of a veranda from a bar. For the construction of such a frame, it will be necessary to tie the lower and upper purposes. It is made of logs with a diameter of 13 cm or bars with a section of 80x80 or 100x100 mm. It is preferable to choose a connection called a direct lock.

The frame of the veranda should be built starting from the corners, and then move on to the central boards. When arranging the lower double strapping, the lag is cut at a distance of the second log. Next, the racks are installed, fixed with metal brackets.

The upper part involves the equipment of the second strapping and the installation of the rafters. The upper sections of which are connected to the beams installed on the roof. To connect horizontal parts, it is better to use bolts.

The next stage involves the arrangement of the walls and roof of the veranda. As materials for wall upholstery, it is better to give preference to materials with low weight, but strength and weather resistance. For these purposes, lining or wooden boards are perfect. Each of these materials differs in individual features of installation. For example, when carrying out horizontal fastening of the material, the lining is installed tightly adjacent to each other, and the board is overlapped.

With the simultaneous arrangement of the veranda along with the house, it is recommended to use the same roof covering, so it will be possible to make a smooth transition of their roof from one to another.

The internal arrangement of the roof of the veranda involves the laying of heat-insulating materials, tile or roll type. To finish the inside of the veranda, it is recommended to use lining, drywall or chipboard. Wall decoration depends on the overall interior of the veranda being built.

There are several options for arranging a roof for a veranda. But since it is an extension to the main building, the most preferred option is the arrangement of a pitched roof. Its construction does not require a lot of time and materials. In addition, thanks to the use of this type of roof, it is possible to achieve a smooth transition from the main roof to the veranda.

The fixation of the upper ends of the rafters occurs on the sloped section, and the lower ends - in the wall.

To cover the roof, it is recommended to use exactly the same materials that cover the roof of the cottage. Take care of the coincidence of texture and shade. Ease of installation and long service life is distinguished by soft tiles, roofing material or metal tiles.

Instructions for installing roofing material on the roof of the veranda:

• the construction of a dense flooring from boards - the first stage;
• installation of roofing material and its fixation with galvanized nails;
• fixing the coating with the help of rails, between which the same interval is observed;
• tucking the lower edge of the roofing material.

The arrangement of the floor of the summer veranda in the country has its own characteristics. Best Option is a board made of wood, about 2.5-3 cm thick. When choosing a tone for coloring wood, it is better to give preference to a translucent varnish through which the surface texture is visible. The optimal width of the board is a value of 8-13 cm. The installation of the boards is preceded by the arrangement of thermal and waterproofing, as well as the installation of the log. Please note that the floor must be flat and smooth. To process each wooden element, it is required to use a protective agent, and after installation - varnish or paint.

Summer veranda design: design and decoration ideas

When building the house itself, it is desirable to immediately build a veranda, or at least leave a place for its docking with the house. The design of the veranda should be in harmony with the overall interior and exterior.

There is an option for arranging a veranda with sliding walls. They are easy to use and easy to operate. With their help, the veranda is transformed from an open type to a closed one and vice versa.

The classic version of the arrangement of the veranda involves the presence of a large number of windows in it. Therefore, the use of an entrance glazed door will make the veranda even lighter and weightless. The location of large furniture, such as a wardrobe, shelf or bookcase, is preferable to be carried out near a wall on which there are no windows. Near the walls with windows there are chairs, armchairs, sun loungers, a dining table.

To save space in a small veranda, folding tables are built, which, if necessary, are hidden. Since the veranda is a very bright room, curtains, blinds or straw curtains are hung on the windows.

We offer you to get acquainted with the tips that will help you arrange a summer veranda:

1. Focus on the right lighting.

Most often, the veranda is used as a place to relax. Therefore, it should not select lighting based on its power, but it is better to pay attention to the appearance of the fixtures.

It is possible to install lamps imitating lanterns, they have a variety of shapes and colors. Therefore, they are suitable for almost any type of premises. To enhance their aesthetic perception, place them at different heights from the ceiling, so you can achieve an interesting color effect.

2. The entrance area creates the first impression.

To make the veranda even more attractive, due attention should be paid to the entrance area and its design. Already before entering, the guest must understand that he will be in a room close to nature. Therefore, for the design of this zone, the use of flowers is suitable, and in their various variations: wall, floor flowerpots, vases with flowers, etc. It is possible to install miniature trees or whole flower arrangements. If there is an asymmetric entrance to the veranda, it is preferable to install the same compositions on both sides.

3. The use of removable covers is a successful style effect.

Through the use of textile elements of decor, the veranda is transformed. Since the summer veranda is constantly exposed to atmospheric precipitation, textile elements must be removable. In addition, it is preferable to choose a fabric with water-repellent properties and UV resistance. Bright pillows, bedspreads, mattresses - all this will add coziness and attractiveness to the veranda.

4. Division of space into zones.

Use such a design technique as zoning. If you have a spacious and large veranda, it will come in handy. With the help of zoning, you will be able to organize the space and make it functional. For example, in a rectangular veranda, it is possible to arrange a dining, working and living area. To do this, you should choose furniture that is different in function, but the same in texture or color. The boundary space between the zones in this case will be conditional, smoothly passing from one to another.

5. A place to relax is a must.

Since the veranda is primarily a place of relaxation in open space, it is imperative to provide for the presence of an element that provides relaxation. Such an object is quite capable of being a hammock or a chaise lounge chair. Install it in the shade or in the sun, depending on your preference. Place a table nearby and the things you need. Please note that the seating area should be located in the corner of the veranda so that people passing by do not interfere with the vacationer.

6. Landscaping.

The main advantage of arranging a summer veranda is its direct contact with nature. This dignity should not only be emphasized, but also multiplied. Set a variety of flowers in pots, large flowerpots, stands or planters. Greenery will improve the overall impression of the veranda and make the air in it cleaner.

It is possible to build a hedge, which will occupy one of the walls. Greenery will provide the room with additional shade, which is so necessary in summer.

remember, that main feature the veranda is a large amount of light and air. Therefore, if you have a small room, you should not clutter it up with a large number of items.

The opportunity to be at home and at the same time on the street, enjoy the surrounding nature and not get wet in the rain, sunbathe and barbecue, arrange a winter garden, relax with the whole family - all these desires become feasible thanks to the ancient invention of architects, popular today. Even to the finished house, you can attach a terrace with your own hands without spending a lot of money.

What is a terrace, its types

A platform near a house or in a garden, equipped for a comfortable stay, as a rule, adjacent to one of the walls of the house, traditionally raised above the ground, with flooring and a canopy - this is the standard definition of a terrace. In fact, there are many types of terraces. To choose the right option for your site, you should understand the differences and intricacies of different types of these sites.

Type

The division into main groups is done according to the design features and the degree of openness, as well as the location on the site. The choice of site type is influenced by the purpose and surrounding natural conditions, for example, strong winds or the presence of a body of water.

open

For a mild climate and if you want to relax in the fresh air, the outdoor terrace is perfect. It is made without walls and a roof, which allows you to enjoy the closeness of nature. For privacy, you can place tall plants or decorative elements on such a site, make a glass fence, mount balusters and railings.

The sun's rays and precipitation will fall on furniture and other interior elements, so it is better to choose sofas and armchairs from a material that is not damaged by water and does not fade.

For the winter, it is better to clean interior items in the house

semi-open

Today is a sunny day and I want an open area, and in the evening it will rain and get colder. In this case, a good solution would be a compromise between a covered veranda protected from all sides and a terrace open to the sun and fresh air. Semi-open options are without a roof, but surrounded by walls and with a canopy in combination with a different number of walls and partitions, columns.

The most advanced version of such a private recreation area is a structure with sliding glass or plastic walls and a canopy. When conditions change, you can close the shutters and find yourself in a room completely protected from the weather.

If you want to isolate yourself from immodest looks, then you can use curtains and curtains, put pots with indoor plants, hang flower pots, plant a hedge around

Closed

If the weather conditions in the region are difficult and often change, then the best solution would be to build a covered terrace where you can relax and enjoy the countryside landscape even in winter. This is a whole room with walls and ceiling, a canopy or roof, it can be heated and has a separate entrance from the street or from the house.

Winter gardens are often arranged in a closed terrace, and in order to make the site more open in summer, sliding frames and walls are installed.

By location

The terrace can be located in the depths of the garden, by the pond or pool, adjacent to the house. Depending on the location, recreation areas have their own design features and nuances of decor and lighting.

Ground

A beautiful area in the garden can be arranged directly on the ground, having carried out preparatory work to strengthen and level the base for the terrace. A light canopy will shade and create privacy, wicker furniture will provide comfort, and garden plants and flowers around will give aroma and merging with nature.

To protect the terrace from the wind, you can install light partitions

Benefits of ground construction:

• ease and speed of construction;
• minimum financial costs;
• open space and closeness to nature.

Among the minuses can be noted:

• exposure to bad weather, the possibility of flooding;
• the need to treat materials with antiseptics;
• not recommended for unstable and complex soils;
• need a level ground.

Ground

These floorings are slightly raised above the ground, they are mounted on logs or a concrete base. The finishing material for flooring is traditionally decking, which looks great and does not rot, has no splinters, is safe and pleasant to walk barefoot.

Advantages of ground sites:

• can be both open and closed or combined;
• small financial costs;
• the flooring protects from water and dust;
• great opportunities for design and decoration;
• does not require fencing due to its low height.

There are also relative disadvantages:

• the need to equip the foundation;
• wooden parts require special processing.

The decking of the terrace should be 5 cm below the level of the threshold of the house so that melting snow and rain do not get into the room

Exalted

Such terraces are raised above ground level to a height of half a meter, have steps, fences or walls, partitions. This is the best solution for difficult terrain and sloping sites, houses with a high basement and porch, if you want to build a multi-level zone for a comfortable stay. The advantages of this terrace are:

• the possibility of useful use of space with a slope or height differences;
• the possibility of building multi-stage complex structures.

overhanging

If there is a natural reservoir, a pool or a pond near the estate, then the construction of an overhanging terrace would be a good solution. It is also recommended for difficult terrain and a large slope near the house. Overhanging structures are very popular in mountain resort areas and estates with beautiful views. Advantages of an overhanging terrace:

• allows you to enjoy the proximity of water;
• the possibility of useful use of areas with difficult terrain;
• stunning view, the site seems to be floating in the air.

The disadvantages of the overhanging structure are the complexity of construction and the significant cost of the estimate, the need for fencing for safe rest

What can be built from

Various materials are used for the construction, the choice depends on the purpose and the presence of walls and roofs. For heavy structural elements, a stronger frame and a solid foundation will be required. On the market you can find special weather-resistant and expensive materials for outdoor use, and with a limited budget, use improvised and cheap ones.

Base and floor

For light open ground and soil galleries, it is enough to make a gravel-sand cushion. During its construction, gravel or crushed stone of medium fraction and sand are used, and geotextiles are laid between these layers. The geotextile will prevent sand from mixing with crushed stone and subsidence of the base, as well as strengthen and level the soil and prevent weeds from germinating on the terrace.

More solid platforms made of wood are traditionally built on a base of metal screw piles, concrete supports, screeds and bottom trim made of wooden beams and logs.

For closed massive structures with a roof, the following types of foundation are suitable:

• tape;
• pile;
• screw.

A tape and pile view is made of M-300 grade concrete, sand, water and a plasticizer, which is liquid soap. Reinforcement is carried out using a rod, metal mesh or improvised materials. When installing the formwork, you will need boards and bars for props, and the installation of piles involves the use of roofing material with fixed formwork and waterproofing.

The screw foundation is mounted from steel piles with blades at the bottom

The floor of the dirt terrace is not laid at all, furniture is arranged and enjoy the rest in good weather. You can lay out the site:

• paving slabs;
• tiled stone;
• sprinkle with small sea pebbles of different colors.

A strapping is mounted on top of any foundation and logs are laid from a bar measuring 50x150 mm, an aluminum profile or a WPC for decking.

It is recommended to finish the flooring with a terrace board specially invented for the street. It looks neat and imitates natural wood of valuable and expensive varieties, has a rich palette of textures and shades, and provides ample opportunities for stylish design of a recreation area.

To fasten the deck board, you need to take galvanized or steel nails.

The advantages of this material:

• does not rot, does not fade, does not burn;
• does not deform under the influence of water and heat: does not warp or swell;
• the service life is at least 30 years;
• absolutely environmentally friendly and safe, it is pleasant to walk on it barefoot;
• affordable price, ease of installation;
• can be washed and cleaned with detergents.

Ordinary floor board is also used for flooring. Wood is inexpensive, this is its plus, but there are also disadvantages:

• under the influence of moisture, fungus and mold form on it, insects start, dark spots appear, then the wood is destroyed;
• boards are deformed from water, and dry out from dry air;
• fire hazard.

To make it last longer, you should treat the board with antiseptic impregnation and cover it with several layers of weather-resistant or yacht varnish, and also choose rocks that are resistant to outdoor conditions, for example, larch.

Clinker or ceramic tiles for outdoor work, natural stone look great on the terrace. It is advisable to choose unglazed and non-slip coating options. Stamped concrete is an innovative material consisting of monolithic concrete, printed with polyurethane molds to form various textures on its surface.

Stamped concrete imitates wood, stone, pavers, ceramics

frame

The frame is the basis for the roof and future walls of the closed terrace, it carries the main weight load, therefore, for the strength of the frame, either a thick wooden beam or a metal profile is chosen. For lightweight sites, metal-plastic structures can be used.

Processing of wooden parts is carried out with fungicidal impregnation and varnish or paint for outdoor use

The standard size of the timber for the support posts is 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, from the species you should choose larch or oak, coniferous. Aspen, birch or beech are not suitable for building a frame, as they are quickly destroyed by water. The support posts are reinforced with braces, which reduce the load on the supports and give the structure additional rigidity and stability. For these works, a bar with dimensions of 50x100 mm is taken.

canopy

Often a lightweight canopy is made on the terrace. It can be made of tarpaulin or other waterproof fabric, polycarbonate, wood, glass. The canopy is mounted even or with slopes, semicircular shape, complex configuration. During the construction of massive verandas, you will need support posts 150x150 mm, a truss system made of wood or metal and rolled waterproofing, as well as roofing material.

Soft roofing requires a continuous sheathing, it is used for domed roofs and tents

Polycarbonate is suitable as a roofing material. It is light, transparent, tolerates low temperatures well, can take a curved shape. Decking is inexpensive and easy to install.

Partitions

For a semi-open and closed area, it is necessary to install partitions and walls that will create privacy and protect from bad weather. Most often they are made of wood, they are solid and carved, in the form of lattices or low. With the help of partitions, the site is zoned into several corners with different purposes, for example, a summer kitchen and a dining area are separated from a recreation area.

Covered terraces look great with full-height glass walls that are equipped with sliding mechanisms to open on a fine day

How to make a terrace with your own hands

Building a terrace with your own hands will not take much time and is quite within the power of even a novice master.

Drawings and projects

If the main building has already been built and the terrace was not included in the project initially, you can design it later by drawing a detailed plan indicating all sizes and location on the site.

The owners of ready-made terraces post projects of their creations for general use on the Internet

If the terrace is attached to the house, then the length of the area adjoining the house is taken as the length

The floor area is determined by multiplying the length by the width. For example, for a terrace with dimensions of 3x4 m, the area will be 12 m². Layout and construction rules:

1. Decking consumption for finishing should be increased by 15%, making a reserve for waste. We round up 13.8 m² to 14 and get the consumption of decking or other finishing material.
2. The consumption of fasteners per 1 m² will be 22 clips and 4 starting fasteners per 1 linear meter. m. Each fastener has a hole for a self-tapping screw. Thus, for 12 m², you need to take 240 clips and 24 starting, 264 self-tapping screws.
3. Along the perimeter of the finished flooring, the ends of the boards are closed with an end tape or a corner. The perimeter is 14 m.
4. For the base, you will need 3 main beams of 3 m each, logs that are laid in increments of 35 cm, for 1 m² you will need to take 3 running meters of log. The standard log length from the manufacturer is 4 m. With an area of ​​​​12 m², you will need to buy 9 logs of 4 m in length. In addition, crushed stone, sand, concrete supports are required.
5. Concrete pillars are dug in or poured to a depth of 40 to 60 cm every 1.5 m. The size of the supports is 40x40 cm, 9 supports are needed.
6. The height of the terrace should be slightly less than the height of the first floor of the main building in order to be able to slope under the canopy. With a house height of 3 m, the height of the terrace will be 2.5 m.
7. We count the support posts of the frame on the support blocks along the perimeter of the site, we get 8 racks of 2.5 m each. 16 m of timber 50x100 mm will go to the braces on both sides of each rack.
8. Shed roofs cover spans up to 4.5 m, with a longer length it is necessary to reinforce the structure with girders and rafter legs. The step between the rafters from the boards should be 60–120 cm, from the timber 100–175 cm, from the thick timber 150–200 cm. With a step of 80 cm, you will need 5 rafters 3.5 m long and 50x200 mm in size, waterproofing 12m² plus margin for an overhanging visor, a total of 14 m².
9. For the crate, boards of 25x100 mm are needed. Roofing material must be taken with a margin for the visor, which will be 14 m².

Wooden with a canopy

The project has been selected, the drawing is there, now you can start construction work. Consider, for example, all the stages of installing a wooden terrace with a canopy, one of the most affordable and popular options.

For construction, the following tools and consumables should be prepared:

• tape measure, level, pencil, ruler;
• shovel, hammer, hacksaw;
• sand, gravel, water;
• fasteners, screwdriver, drill with nozzles;
• timber, waterproofing, roofing material, boards;
• decking and accessories to it;
• antiseptic impregnation, varnish or paint for outdoor use.

Substrate and floor preparation

Stages of preparatory work:

1. The site is marked out according to the scheme, the perimeter is outlined, the places of the supporting blocks are marked. The top fertile soil layer is removed. Stones and debris are removed. Pits are dug under the supporting blocks, sand and gravel are poured to the bottom.

   The layer of gravel and sand in the pit should be 10 cm

2. Ready-made supports are installed on the pillow, they should protrude 15 cm above the surface to ventilate the flooring. For waterproofing, they are coated with bituminous mortar and wrapped with roofing material. You can make a fixed formwork from roofing felt and pour concrete pillars. The support bar is mounted horizontally to the wall of the house 5 cm below the floor level.

   The beam is fixed with anchor bolts every 60 cm

3. Beams are installed and fixed on the supports with reinforcement and fasteners, all junctions are waterproofed, logs are placed on top, attached to the support beam and beams, the strapping is knocked down.
4. A terraced or ordinary floorboard is laid and fastened across the log.

   The ends of the terrace board are closed with corners

5. The floorboard is polished and impregnated with stain and antiseptic, varnished in several layers.

Frame erection

canopy

For a wooden terrace attached to the house, the best solution would be a shed roof with a slope of 5-10º. Installation includes the following steps:

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate has flexibility, transparency and lightness, is available in various shades, and is durable. Due to these qualities, it is often used for terrace construction, where it is an excellent alternative to wood and metal.

Polycarbonate is easily and quickly mounted by hand

Necessary materials and tools

To work, the master will need:

• shovel, tape measure, level;
• crushed stone, sand, concrete M-300, water;
• wood or metal for the frame: profile pipe 80x80 for the main racks, 40x20 for the truss, embedded parts for the base;
• polycarbonate transparent or matte;
• welding machine;
• fasteners: bolts, nuts, hardware;
• drill, screwdriver, circular saw, construction knife.

Substrate and floor preparation

For lightweight polycarbonate, a metal frame and a columnar base are sufficient. Installation is carried out as follows:

Frame erection

Stages of work:

Canopy and walls

If the terrace is planned to be open, then it is enough to make a fence to the desired height. For a semi-open and closed recreation area, walls, partitions and a canopy are mounted. Work order:

Video: building a wooden terrace

Photo gallery: arrangement and decor of the terrace

It is beneficial to expand the usable space and equip a recreation area near the house with your own hands is easy and inexpensive. The result is a comfortable living room or dining room in the fresh air, in which the whole family will be happy to spend fine summer days.