These beautiful bottles or jars, filled as if with cosmic clouds, can easily be made at home.
For this craft you will need:
- transparent glass jar or bottle;
- cotton wool;
- food coloring or gouache (food coloring loses color);
- water;
- a tube or wooden stick;
- sparkles;
- cap or stopper.
First of all, you will need to thoroughly wash and dry the container in which you will create “space clouds”. Prepare food coloring and water. The best colors for this craft are blue, purple and pink, but you can make clouds in your favorite color.
The prepared container (jar or bottle) needs to be filled with cold water by about a third. In the photo, the required volume is marked with an arrow.

Now add some food coloring of the same color and stir it using a straw or stick. After that, take cotton wool and start adding it to the water, help yourself with a stick. The cotton wool should be completely saturated with water, and there should be no free flowing water left either. The amount of cotton wool you use will greatly depend on the size of the container you use.
All you have to do is add a little glitter on top and shake the jar slightly.
Note: thanks to the experiment, it was found that gouache is very suitable for coloring cotton wool, the color is bright and saturated.

The next step will be a little different. First you will need to put a layer of cotton wool in a jar, on top of the already soaked layer. In a separate container, dilute water and a dye of a different color. You can immediately add glitter to the same mixture, or you can add it on top later.
Add as many layers as you want and as much as will fit into your jar (bottle).

At the end, you can add enough water so that it floats a little in the jar. The jar (bottle) needs to be closed with a lid (cork) and the “cosmic” decoration for your room will be ready.
Just remember that this is a temporary decoration, the water will ferment over time and the contents of the jar and bottle will need to be thrown away and the container should be rinsed thoroughly.
You can also make mini space clouds in small jars (cones).

Natalia Bedenina
Lesson-experience “Cloud in a jar”

Lesson-experience “Cloud in a jar”

Statement of the research problem.

During the walk it started to rain and we were forced to go in a group. On the way, one child asked: “Where does the rain come from?” To which I replied that tonight I will not only tell you, but you can make it rain yourself.”

Distribution of children into subgroups.

The experiment is carried out in the evening, before the children go home. Number of children: 3-5 people.

Predicting the result. This is an observational experiment, when an adult conducts the experiment itself, children observe and draw a conclusion.

Clarification of safety regulations. A junior teacher helps with this experience (brings and removes a kettle with hot water).

Before starting the experiment, I say that we will work with hot water. I clarify why hot water is dangerous, and ask if it is possible to turn on the kettle without an adult and pour tea for yourself. As a result, the conclusion is drawn:

Don't touch the hot kettle

You shouldn't do this.

You might get burned

So that there is no trouble.

Better beware.

Performing the experiment.

On the table is everything necessary for the experiment: a jar, an iron lid, ice and a kettle with boiling or hot water. Children sit on chairs a short distance from the table. The teacher conducts the experiment and comments as it progresses.

Let's try to make it rain ourselves. We will need a large glass jar (we took a three-liter one), a metal lid to close it, and something cold (for us these are molds with ice).

I pour hot water into the jar. I'll put the ice on the iron lid and the lid on the jar.

(Pour hot water into a three-liter jar (approximately to a height of 2.5 cm). Place a piece of ice on the iron lid and place it on the jar).

Look what's happening inside the jar. (Children speak out).

The teacher leads the children to the next. conclusion:

The air inside the can cools as it rises. And the vapor contained in the air forms a cloud. This is what happens in nature: drops, having heated up on the ground, rise upward. There they get cold, and they huddle together, forming clouds. When they meet together, they increase in size, become heavy and fall to the ground as rain. See how the drops flow down the sides of the jar. The teacher draws the children's attention to what is happening with the ice on the lid and asks the children why the ice is melting, why water appears next to the ice. (Ice melts in warmth, ice is frozen water)

Recording the results of the experiment.

So, let's talk about what we used to conduct the experiment and what we did.

(The teacher shows a diagram of the experiment).

Formulation of conclusions

So where does the rain come from?

ESSENCE OF EXPERIENCE:

The alcohol evaporates and mixes with oxygen in the air. This mixture is very flammable. Including the concentration used in non-freezing liquid. Motorists need to be on alert.

STAGES OF THE EXPERIMENT:

We pour alcohol and antifreeze into different bottles.- We chat both liquids in bottles.- We light matches and bring them to the necks of the bottles.- Turn off the light. The vapors burn beautifully from top to bottom with varying intensities.

WHAT WAS USED:

2 plastic bottles
- isopropyl alcohol
- winter windshield washer fluid
- matches

DESCRIPTION:

Mysterious, contradictory, obvious, spectacular, shocking, amazing - you never know how many definitions can be chosen for the experiments. And this one is beautiful. Simply beautiful. There’s not even anything to say. But you still have to.

Let's set ourselves two goals. Explain why a flame appears without touching the liquid and flows slowly. And, secondly, why in one bottle the reaction begins and proceeds faster.

LET'S START WITH THE COMPOSITION OF LIQUIDS:

Isopropyl alcohol, or isopropanol, is the simplest secondary monohydric alcohol with the chemical formula CH3CH(OH)CH3.

The composition of this particular winter windshield washer fluid for cars (popularly known as “anti-freeze”) contains: isopropyl alcohol, water and some minor additives. The manufacturer promises that the liquid will begin to freeze after -25°C, therefore, our alcohol content is about 60% (see table)

Conventionally, in one bottle we have isopropyl alcohol (100%), in the second - a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water (60% + 40%).

It is known that evaporation occurs at any temperature. So, alcohols have the property of evaporating faster than, for example, water. This is also why it is recommended to close alcoholic drinks tightly so as not to end up with a tasteless “compote” the next day.

We shake our liquids in bottles so that the surface area in contact with air is larger. Evaporation occurs more actively at this moment. That is, we have in bottles not only liquid, but also gas. It is he who lights up. The peculiarity of the combustion of liquid fuel is that the liquid does not burn (!) - it burns in the vapor phase. The vapors burn and release heat, which warms the liquid. Due to heating, the liquid evaporates, forming a gas, which releases heat when burned. This is the cycle. Therefore, a feature of this type of oxidation reactions is “slow combustion”. Another reason for this is the limited supply of oxygen by the narrow neck of the bottle.

Moreover, in a bottle with 100% isopropanol, the process begins and ends faster than in a bottle with a solution. This is explained as follows. The boiling point of isopropane is 82.4 °C, and that of water is 100 °C. Consequently, “anti-freeze” has a temperature of about 90-94 ° C, which is higher than that of pure isopropyl alcohol. This means that more heat is expended to vaporize the solution, and the process proceeds more slowly. Add to this an almost half the concentration of flammable substances, and the picture is complete.

As a bonus today (for those who noticed) the following. Why did the bottle with pure alcohol remain intact, but the bottle with “anti-freeze” melted and became deformed? The steam is burning, and the same one. The combustion temperature is therefore the same.

Just! In the first case, the reaction occurs very quickly, and the plastic does not have time to heat up to such an extent. But the windshield wiper burned almost twice as long, which was what caused the bottle to start melting. Although, this did not affect the beauty of the experience as a whole.

A very simple experiment demonstrating the laws of physics can be repeated using available materials at home. The result of the manipulations will be a cloud in a bottle formed from plain water. Find out more about how to do this in step-by-step instructions.

Materials

To make a cloud in a bottle with your own hands, prepare:

• empty plastic bottle;
• paper, aroma stick or wooden splint;
• some water;
• burner, matches or lighter.

Step 1. Pour some plain water into an empty bottle. From the bottom, your existing container should be filled to 2 - 2.5 cm.

Step 2. Screw the bottle cap tightly to maintain pressure inside the container. This is important, otherwise it may burst during further manipulations. Place the bottle on the ground, stand on it with your feet and start jumping. This step will allow you to warm it up slightly and increase the amount of pressure applied to it. The humidity level in the container should increase at this moment.

Step 3. Now you need to add a little smoke to the bottle. This is necessary because small drops of water present in the air must collect on dust or smoke particles to form a cloud. To do this, set fire to a splint, a piece of paper or an incense stick.

Step 4. Quickly open the bottle cap, blow out the lit paper and, with the same sharp movement, send it inside the container. Leave the paper there for a few seconds to allow the smoke to collect, and screw the lid back on.