The time when money was kept on savings books has passed, and today many banks offer modern services to users. They allow you to conveniently accumulate savings on which interest is charged, as well as spend funds from the account as needed. A suitable example would be a savings account with Sberbank - it can be opened by individuals who want to choose not a high interest rate, but a savings deposit without limits on deposits and withdrawals.

Savings account in Sberbank - what is it

As a product of banking services, the account is intended for the accumulation of the owner's funds and various operations with them. Sberbank offers this service "for everyday free disposal of money," and this is a very accurate description. By signing a banking service agreement at any branch of the bank (or using the online service), the client gets the opportunity to open a deposit that can be replenished in various ways.

Deposit features

A savings account with Sberbank has the following differences from other similar services:

• It can be opened in rubles, dollars or euros - to store funds and generate income.
• With a ruble deposit, the interest rate varies, depending on the balance - from 1.5 to 2.5% per annum. For foreign currency, the interest payment will be 0.01%.
• This is a perpetual deposit that has no time limits.
• You can replenish your account or withdraw cash at any time.
• There is no minimum amount to hold.

What is it needed for

This deposit is not among the deposits with a high interest rate, so it makes little sense to open it to generate income (Sberbank has better offers for this, for example, “Replenish”, “Manage” or a savings certificate). But it has many other suitable applications, for example, the lack of restrictions on the amount of replenishment makes it convenient for storing savings.

There are no limits on withdrawing money either (for comparison, with a Momentum debit card, you can withdraw up to 50,000 rubles per day and up to 150,000 rubles per month). The full withdrawal of the amount from the deposit nullifies the deposit, but does not lead to the closing of the deposit: put any amount on it, and it will begin to accrue interest with a monthly capitalization. Such a deposit will also come in handy for money transfers to accounts and cards of Sberbank or to another credit institution.

How to open a deposit savings account of Sberbank of Russia

The procedure for opening a savings deposit is not difficult and can be performed in different ways:

• You can make a deposit at the Sberbank office, where you will need to present your passport and fill out the necessary documents.
• Another way to open it is via the Internet using Sberbank Online (suitable for those who have a bank card, but first you need to activate the Internet service).

To do this, you need to use your personal account on the Sberbank website. By logging in there, you will be able to open a savings deposit without leaving your home. On the page with the description of the service (to find it, you need to go along the path: Moscow > Private clients > Invest and earn > Deposits > Savings account) there is a special button "Apply". By clicking on it, you start the opening procedure. You will be prompted to read the contract (it can be printed), which will need to be confirmed using a one-time SMS password. Your contribution is open!

Required documents

To open a current account in Sberbank branches, the depositor must be over 14 years old and have an identity document with him. It can be:

• passport of a Russian citizen with a mark of permanent or temporary registration on the territory of the Russian Federation;
• international passport;
• driver license;
• military ID;
• service certificate;
• for foreign citizens, a foreign passport and confirmation of the right to reside on the territory of the Russian Federation (residence permit, etc.) are required.

Conditions for opening a savings account with Sberbank

Before, the investor is advised to familiarize himself with the conditions for registering this service and making transactions on it. This document is available on the website (Savings Account page, Client Documents tab). You can download Savings Account Terms and Conditions to your computer for more details. This document covers important points such as:

• rights and obligations of the owner and the bank;
• the procedure for using the deposit;
• the principle of interest accrual, enabling customers to receive income;
• the term of the contract and the procedure for closing.

Determining the term of the deposit

In accordance with the Terms, a savings account at a branch of Sberbank is opened for an indefinite period, and is valid until the moment of closure (termination of the agreement). The client must notify the bank in writing that the deposit is being closed, and this process will be carried out within 7 working days. At the client's instruction, the balance is credited to another account or issued in cash within the same seven-day period.

Possibility of replenishment

When opening a savings account at a branch of Sberbank, the client needs to be aware of the different ways to replenish the deposit. There are two ways to deposit money:

• in cash (through cash desks, ATMs, payment terminals);
• non-cash method (for example, a Sberbank savings card can be used for transfer).

Early withdrawal

A savings account with Sberbank does not have a strictly defined validity period and, in accordance with the Terms, allows withdrawals at any time. This compares favorably with other banking offers that have strict chronological boundaries - for example, the "Save Online" deposit with an interest rate of 5.63% can be opened for a period of 1 month to 3 years.

Interest rates

Interest is calculated depending on the minimum account balance and deposit currency. The accrual takes place monthly, using the data for the previous month, taking into account all the necessary data (at the same time, the rate of 0.01% per annum is applied to the difference between the minimum and actual balance). The dependence of accrued interest on the minimum rate is shown in the table:

Minimum balance, monetary units	Interest rate, %
up to 30 000 rubles
up to 100,000 rubles
up to 300,000 rubles
up to 700,000 rubles
up to 2,000,000 rubles
from 2,000,000 rubles
dollar bill
euro deposit

For preliminary planning, it is very convenient to calculate the charges on your balance using a special calculator on the site. Entering the initial data there, you get the final amount, where the interest rate is calculated depending on the minimum balance. For example, if you deposit 100,000 rubles, then the calculator will show that in a year your contribution will be 101,708 rubles.

What opportunities does a savings account with Sberbank provide?

By opening such a deposit, you get the opportunity to accumulate your financial resources and make current payments. A banking offer that successfully copes with this task, and transfer fees do not depend on the amount of the transfer, but they are influenced by other factors: payment method, location of the recipient, currency. Full prices are given in the table:

		Through a bank teller	With the help of Sberbank Online
		For free
	Same for Russia	1.5% of the amount (minimum - 30 rubles, maximum - 1,000 rubles)	1% (maximum - 1,000 rubles)
	Transfer to a client of another bank	2% (minimum - 50 rubles, maximum - 1,500 rubles)
	Sberbank clients within the same city	For free
	Same for Russia	0.7% (max $100)	0.5% (max $50)
	Transfer to a client of another bank	1% (minimum - $15, maximum - $200)	0.5% (max - $150)

Contribution Disadvantages

Speaking about shortcomings, you need to understand that they are conditional. Such a deposit does not provide an opportunity to receive a high interest on the money stored, but it is not intended for this. But it is free from restrictions (no limit on cash withdrawals and validity), which makes it a convenient tool for everyday personal accounting. You just need to know that interest income cannot be withdrawn to a separate account here, but with a small amount of accruals, this is not a serious problem.

How to close a savings account with Sberbank online

It is not always convenient to go to a bank branch to close an account, but having Internet access it is easy to do using the Sberbank Online service. The sequence of actions will be as follows:

• After logging in to the service, you need to find the “Deposits and accounts” tab in the main menu and go through it.
• Below the menu, find the link "Closing an account" and select the desired banking product to create an application.
• It is necessary to fill in the field for transferring the balance of funds, indicating there the new account number or card.
• By clicking the "Close" button, you call up a window with a list of details - you need to check the correctness of the specified information again.
• After confirmation with a one-time SMS password, the deposit will be closed, and a message will be displayed on the screen with the bank's stamp and the inscription "Completed".

Video

For clients with a regular need for non-cash debit/receipt transactions, a convenient savings tool — a savings account with Sberbank — is ideal. What it is? This is a termless deposit with the most free conditions for replenishment and withdrawal. For it, the Piggy Bank service, which is popular today, can be connected. We will learn more about this offer of the bank for individuals and study its conditions for 2017.

What is a Savings Account

The Savings Account service is provided by Sberbank to individuals who wish to freely manage their own funds and at the same time receive additional profit. Although the interest rates for this type of deposit are small, they will provide a regular income to the owner. Note that an important advantage for modern people is that you can open a deposit and disable the service online. Let's find out how.

How to open a deposit online

The banking service agreement gives individuals maximum independence in using the financial services of Sberbank. In most cases, this is done through the use of the Internet bank and the client's personal account.

The online procedure for opening a Savings Account is as follows. You open your Sberbank Online personal account and select "Deposits and accounts". Active contributions for 2017 will appear here if you already have them. In addition to them, "Opening a deposit" and "Closing a deposit" will be offered.

We are at the starting point - it is important for us how to launch the Sberbank service for accumulating money, so we activate "Opening a deposit"

We follow the link and find ourselves on a page that contains information about deposits and accounts available for opening online. Please note that some deposits and accounts have higher interest rates if they are processed online.

The minimum interest rate applicable to a savings account is 1.5% for ruble deposits. You can open a savings account with Sberbank in rubles, dollars, and euros. For foreign currency, the percentage is set even lower - it is 0.01%.

Opening a deposit is accompanied by the obligatory execution of an appropriate agreement. Online you will be provided with a document, acceptance of the provisions of which means its actual signing. Carefully study the information on the deposit being opened, read. Examine at the opening of the deposit.

Thus, you can draw up an agreement to open a Savings Account with Sberbank online remotely or, having studied the standard form of the agreement, go to a bank branch to complete the transaction. The service is also available at ATMs/terminals.

What is attractive service

It is important for the client to understand what benefit this or that investment of money will bring him. What is attractive about the service of opening a savings account online, and what are the advantages of the deposit itself? The benefits of this investment include:

• the absence of a minimum and maximum mandatory contribution amount;
• there are no restrictions on partial replenishment and withdrawal up to 0 (regularity of contributions, their amounts, cash withdrawals - without any restrictions);
• flexible system of accrual of interest: interest is accrued monthly on the minimum balance in the amount stipulated in the agreement.

The bank also charges interest on the difference between the minimum and actual balance, albeit in a minimum amount of 0.01% per annum.

How to disable accumulation

And how to disable the Sberbank Savings Account if the client decides to completely abandon it? First of all, the choice can be made in favor of online deactivation of savings. This is convenient, since the connection and disconnection procedure does not take much time and does not require a visit to the bank. So, we enter Sberbank Online on the page where deposits and accounts are reflected. We will be prompted along with the opening "Closing the deposit".

Consider where the funds accumulated in the account will be withdrawn. If you cannot resolve this issue on your own, contact your bank for advice. This service is free.

Remember that when closing a Savings Account, it is important not only to know how to turn off this accumulation, but also to take care of how to withdraw or where to withdraw money. The technical issues related to savings management are clear. We proceed directly to the conditions of the deposit, relevant for individuals in 2017.

Select the “Close deposit” service in the options of the Savings account, indicate where to withdraw money and confirm the request via SMS

Conditions for the deposit of Sberbank of Russia

An important condition for any deposit is interest rates, which will allow you to accumulate the desired amount. Let's find out what Sberbank offers on the Savings Account to its customers in 2017.

Interest rates from 1.5%

Depending on the currency in which to open a Sberbank Savings Account, interest will accrue:

• 1.5% is charged if the amount from 0 to 30 thousand is located on the account;
• 1.6% if the balance is within 30 thousand - 100 thousand;
• 1.7% - in the amount of 100 to 300 thousand;
• 1.8% - for amounts from 300 to 700 thousand;
• 2% is charged if placed from 700 thousand to 2 million;
• a rate of 2.3% is provided for all amounts over 2 million rubles.

Connecting Piggy bank to the account

Additional deposit options are the provision of a piggy bank service. In Sberbank, the Piggy bank service to a Savings account is connected at the request of the client. This makes it possible to receive additional profit, and also allows you to save the required amount under the Piggy bank program.

Note: Loyal conditions for managing own money using the Piggy Bank service allow the client to carry out debit transactions without restrictions.

How to replenish the deposit - we learned, but how to withdraw money if necessary? There are several ways to do this. We will talk about them further.

Management of Savings Account Funds

A savings account is convenient in that savings can be available to individuals for withdrawal or replenishment at any time. There are no restrictions and strict requirements. You can control the deposit, like any other bank account, using the personal account of Sberbank Online.

How to check the amount of savings

At Sberbank, you can check your Savings Account online in your personal Internet banking account in the deposits and accounts section. To do this, simply go to the "Accounts and deposits" page.

Available funds will always be displayed next to the name of the deposit. In addition, here you can perform other operations, for example, transfer part of the funds to another individual to a card or account. Transfer between your personal accounts or activate the Piggy Bank service online.

In the mobile application, the Savings Account will also be reflected in active deposits. For smartphone users, this makes it easier to perform a number of financial transactions online, since the phone is always at hand.

How to withdraw money

So, you have learned what advantages this type of deposit has, how interest is calculated and the interest rate set in Sberbank of Russia on a Savings Account. Consider the conditions and mechanism for withdrawing money from this deposit offered by the bank.

The possibility of partial withdrawal of funds up to zero balance implies an open Savings Account with Sberbank. How to withdraw money if necessary? The following options are available for this:

• directly at the bank branch;
• withdrawal via Internet banking to a debit card (transfer operation from account to card);
• at ATMs/terminals (management of own accounts and cards and transfers between them).

Any of these methods will allow you to withdraw the desired amount. Now you know how to withdraw money from a Sberbank Savings Account. The funds are at the free disposal of the depositor, any of the methods is used for partial withdrawal of funds if necessary.

Conclusion

Detailed information about what a Savings Account with Sberbank is will help potential and current customers make their choice. If you need free disposal of money and for the bank service for accumulating funds Piggy Bank, this deposit is the best option. It is important that interest is not lost upon withdrawal. They are accrued on the actual and minimum balances according to the terms of the contract.

Sberbank of Russia offers its customers various accounts. Almost all of them are opened for a certain period, while the Savings Account is open-ended. This is one of the main differences between this Sberbank program and all the others.

The perpetuity of the account means that the amount of money deposited by the depositor into the account will be saved and can be used for the duration of the contract.

In addition, the client can also receive small interest on the deposit during the entire term of the contract through monthly capitalization. Moreover, an investor who decides to use this program should pay attention to two important details.

Firstly, this program has the lowest interest rates. This means that it is simply pointless to open a Savings Account for the purpose of generating income, unless, of course, the client deposits a fairly substantial amount into the account.

Secondly, the accrued interest cannot be transferred to another account or transferred to a plastic bank card. Therefore, Sberbank positions the Savings Account as a program for storing funds and making any payments, and not for savings.

Every citizen who has a Russian passport can open a savings account with Sberbank of Russia. This program of Sberbank of Russia enables its depositors to open a "Savings Account" in rubles, euros and dollars. There are no restrictions on the deposited amount, just as there is no limit on the initial contribution.

This deposit has no expiration date. It all depends on the desire of the client - for how long he wants to entrust his funds to the bank, it will be so. Moreover, the term can be determined even when the deposit is already open.

During the entire period when funds are stored on the account, the depositor can withdraw his savings either in whole (in this case, the deposit may be reset to zero, but the account will not close anyway), or partially. However, interest is retained.

In addition, the depositor can replenish his account at any time and for any amount - there are no restrictions for this operation either. The accrual of interest in such cases starts from the day on which the contribution was made.

A savings account in the implementation of income and expenditure transactions provides for cash and non-cash payments. The deposit can be made in cash, although staff recommend making such transactions by bank transfer.

Thus, if we consider the Savings Account as a bank program for saving your funds, then we can definitely say that it has quite loyal conditions for depositors. Therefore, it is considered the most convenient for storing your money.

How does a savings account work

How to open a savings account?

To open a savings account, it is enough to contact any Sberbank office with a passport. The minimum deposit amount is not limited, you can even open a savings account with zero rubles and replenish it in the future, or transfer the details to another person who will transfer the money to your account.

Can I open a savings account online?

A Sberbank account can be opened online via the Internet Bank, but for this you need to be a Sberbank client and have an activated Internet banking service.

Savings account rates

Expanding the range of its customers, Sberbank returned to the practice of using savings books, a form of money storage that is well known to the older generation. Under them, a special savings account is opened. What is a savings account in Sberbank and why is it needed? This is one of the types of deposit account (to store money), which is managed with the help of a passbook.

According to the terms of money storage and management capabilities, it stands apart in the line of deposit offers of the bank. What is it - special conditions for storing money? These include:

• the possibility of opening a deposit in different currencies;
• indefiniteness (the account is not closed even with a zero balance of funds for a long time);
• no limits on any transactions;
• the ability to withdraw the required amount of money at any time;
• lack of bank cards linked to it.

At the same time, it has a number of negative points:

• very low interest on the deposit, which does not allow you to get any tangible profit;
• there is no possibility of automatic withdrawal of interest income to other accounts or a debit card;
• the law on deposit insurance does not apply;
• monetary transactions using the Savings Book are subject to mandatory declaration;
• bank commissions are usually higher than interest income;
• the inflation rate exceeds several times the interest on deposits, and therefore the amount of money placed in the bank on the savings book is constantly depreciating.

Interest rates

The amount of the applicable rate depends on the amount of funds in the account. The accrual is based on the data for the previous month. The lowest amount of the deposit fixed on any day of the month is taken as the lower limit. The range of rates in rubles is from 1.50 to 2.30%. In dollars and euros, the rate is fixed - 0.01% per annum.

How to open a savings account?

A savings account with Sberbank can be opened by citizens of Russia and representatives of other states who have the right to reside in the territory of the Russian Federation, aged 14 years and older (there is no maximum age limit). You can do this in any office of the nearest branch.

To confirm their identity, Russians must submit one of the following documents:

• general passport;
• international passport;
• driver's license;
• military ID (for military personnel);
• certificate (for employees of law enforcement agencies).

Foreign citizens submit:

• national passport;
• documents confirming the right to reside in Russia.

The opening conditions are loyal, and the procedure itself is simple and does not take much time. The bank manager prepares the documents and gives them to the depositor for signature. It is important not to miss one point here. A standard contract is drawn up. In it, in paragraph 2.3, it is said that the bank charges a fee according to the bank's tariffs in force at the time of transactions with the account. Ask the representative of the bank to decipher in detail in the contract, for what and how much the bank can charge for:

• replenishment;
• cash withdrawal;
• money transfers by means of a payment order (a bank card is not issued for this account);
• account service.

The bank's policy in terms of changing tariffs is very flexible and what is done today for free, tomorrow can be done for a fee. It is difficult to keep track of it, and therefore it is preferable to prescribe everything in the contract in advance.

Agreements for opening a savings account with Sberbank do not expire. They are for life. They come into force from the moment of signing. Replenishment can be made at any time convenient for the depositor. The savings book is issued immediately.

How to open a savings account in Sberbank Online? This is done in just a few clicks:

1. Let's log in to the system.
2. Select the "Deposits and Accounts" section.
3. Select "Open Account".
4. Select "Savings Account" and click "Continue".
5. We fill in the application form and confirm the opening of an account.

This procedure can also be performed through an ATM. In this case, the algorithm is the same.

The disadvantages of such methods of signing the contract are:

• the need to visit the nearest bank branch to receive a savings book;
• the lack of the possibility of detailing the conditions of clause 2.3 of the agreement.

How to close?

The development of the functionality of the Sberbank website allows all procedures for opening and liquidating accounts to be performed:

• directly at the bank office;
• through Sberbank Online.

How to close a savings account directly at the bank? To do this, you need to visit one of its structural divisions and submit an application. Note that earlier for such an operation it was required to appear at the department where the contract was signed. Now it is enough to contact a specialist working with individuals in any branch of a bank in any region of the country.

An application form will be given to you at the office. It will not be possible to find it on the official website of the bank. After receiving the application, the debtor is obliged within 7 working days to transfer the balance of funds from the account being closed to others indicated by the depositor. After that, the contract is finally terminated.

Passbook.

How to disable an account through Sberbank Online?

There are two conditions here:

• the closing procedure through the Internet banking system can be carried out only during working hours;
• funds in the account should not be a source of loan repayment.

The procedure itself is simple and consists of several steps.

If all the requirements of the system are met correctly, the inscription “Completed” with the seal of the bank will appear on the screen. Account closed.

Features of the functioning of payment systems do not allow this operation to be carried out instantly. For a few more days, the account will exist, but operations on it will no longer be possible. Also, you should not worry if the money from it was not immediately transferred to the card. There may be a delay of several days.

How to withdraw and deposit money?

As already mentioned, you can deposit and withdraw money in any amount - there are no limits of any kind here. You can replenish your account both in cash, through bank cash desks and payment terminals, and non-cash, from Sberbank debit cards, using an ATM or an Internet banking system.

From debit cards of other banks, it is not always possible to transfer funds to this account without cash. In such cases, the required amount is withdrawn through an ATM and paid in cash.

You can withdraw money at any branch of the bank by presenting your savings book and passport. You can also transfer money to bank debit cards through Sberbank Online, an ATM or a payment terminal.

To transfer funds to the accounts of other banks or their debit cards, you must provide a payment order.

Important! Sberbank of Russia considers many operations for non-cash movement of funds within itself as a “transfer” and not a “withdrawal”, citing the fact that funds are not transferred to third parties. Naturally, commissions are charged for such transactions.

Checking the balance

You can check your savings account balance:

• at a bank branch;
• using Internet banking;
• mobile banking;
• ATM
• by telephone hotline.

The traditional and familiar way for the older generation to check account balances is to visit the nearest bank branch. You must have a savings book and a passport with you. In the bank hall, you need to take a coupon with the queue number and wait for a call to the operator. A bank employee will check the movement of funds on the account and enter the balance of funds into the Savings Book.

How can I check my account balance online? To do this, you must have a personal account in Sberbank Online. Entering it, you need to go to the "Deposits and accounts" section. All customer accounts will be displayed on the screen. By clicking on the inscription "Savings account", you can see the full information on it, including the current balance.

Using an ATM, you can find out the balance in the same way as through Sberbank Online. The only condition is the presence of a Sberbank card.

The easiest way to find out the balance of money in the account is to call the hotline:

• 900 - for residents of various regions of Russia. The call is free. The support service works around the clock;
• +7 495 500-55-50 - for residents of Moscow and the region. The call is also free.

Having reached the call center, wait for the connection with the operator. To do this, follow all the instructions of the answering machine. After passing the identification procedure, ask the operator the amount of money in the account.

Conclusion

Financiers attribute the absence of limits on withdrawals and deposits to the account, as well as the ability to withdraw any amount at any time, to the positive aspects of this type of deposit. At the same time, a large number of shortcomings in this form of money storage allows us to give unequivocal advice: try to find another solution to the problem of keeping money, especially since the limits can always be bypassed with several deposits per owner in one bank. In this way, the problem of unplanned withdrawal of money in large amounts is also solved. It is desirable to open accounts for 3 months with the possibility of further prolongation.

Related videos

Are you interested in how you can open a simple account in Sberbank of Russia, and not a deposit? It is to this issue that our today's article will be devoted, where you can find out all the information you need.

Often, our readers need a bank account in order to perform various operations with it. It could be:

• Payment for goods and services;
• Making payments to various organizations;
• Making transfers to various charitable foundations;
• Just the opportunity to keep your savings not at home, but in a reliable company.

This leaves you with a choice: open a bank account or a simple account. What are the differences, what are the disadvantages and advantages, we will tell further.

So, if you decide to make a contribution (deposit), then this decision will have one indisputable advantage - a certain percentage will be charged on your money that is in the bank. Accordingly, the amount you initially invested will gradually increase.

Among the shortcomings: the contribution has a strictly limited period of validity and functionality. Not all of them can be replenished, and even fewer can be withdrawn. At the same time, if you withdraw money from the deposit before the deadline specified in the contract, you will lose almost all of your profit.

What are the options:

• “Save”, opens at 1000 rubles for a period of 1 month to 3 years;
• "Replenish" - the same minimum amount, a period of 3 months;
• “ Manage" - can be issued with a contribution of 30 thousand for a period of 3 months;
• "Multicurrency" - it is allowed to open one account at once in 3 currencies, at least 1000 rubles, 10 dollars and 10 euros;
• "International" - here exotic and rare currencies (pounds sterling, yen, etc.) are accepted for storage. Limits vary;
• “Give Life” is a charitable product when part of the income is transferred to help children. You can deposit from 10,000 rubles;
• "Social" - for orphans.

Decor occurs when you personally apply to a bank branch with a passport or other identity document. If you already have an open debit card here and are registered in the Sberbank Online system, then you can open the “Save Online @ yn”, “Top up Online @ yn” or “Manage Online @ yn” deposits via the Internet, instructions are given.

The second option is a regular checking account. It can be perpetual or also have a certain period of validity. There is an opportunity to receive a small income on the balance, from the pluses - the ability to freely manage your savings, i.e. freely withdraw any amount or replenish the initially deposited amount.

Available options:

• “On Demand of Sberbank of Russia” - a termless deposit, issued with an amount of 10 rubles or 5 US dollars / euros for any period. The rate is 0.01% per year. You need to contact the department
• "Universal" - with the same minimum contributions and the current rate, the deposit is opened for 5 years with the possibility of withdrawing up to the minimum balance and replenishing without restrictions. Registration at the bank office;
• "Savings account" - you can deposit any amount for any period, the rate will vary from 1.5 to 2.3% per annum in rubles. You can replenish and withdraw money without restrictions, interest is paid at the end of the contract. It can be opened both in a Sberbank branch and in the Sberbank Online system.

Thus, we have considered with you the possibility of opening a regular account with Sberbank with partial deposit characteristics, but with extended functionality.