The Central Black Earth economic region includes five regions located in the south of the central part of the country - Kursk, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Voronezh and Tambov. The largest city in this region, occupying more than 167 thousand square kilometers of area, is Voronezh, and the population has almost reached 8 million people.

Economic and geographical position

The Central Black Earth economic region of Russia has an advantageous position, since it borders on the most developed region - Central, and not far from it are the Volga region and the North Caucasus, solid fuel and energy bases.

Rich tracts of fertile black soil and iron ore reserves have a positive effect on the formation of its economic component, as well as natural conditions, which are characterized by moderate continentality. Despite some aridity, this ensures high yields, and conditions are generally well suited for agricultural activities. The main geographical points are the Oka-Don Lowland and the Central Russian Upland.

Voronezh is home to 1/8 of the region’s total population – one million people.

Rice. 1. Voronezh.

Resources and natural conditions of the Central Black Earth economic region

This part of Russia is rich in iron ores, the main part of which is concentrated in the region of the Kursk magnetic anomaly - according to experts, this deposit can produce 43.4 million tons of raw materials. This makes it one of the largest iron ore provinces on Earth. To date, 17 deposits have been developed, and another 14 are actively used. The total area of ​​the anomaly is 160 thousand sq. km., it is distributed over two regions - Kursk and partly Belgorod. 62% of the total reserve is high-grade iron ore, while 38% is low-grade iron ore.

Rice. 2. Quarry in the area of ​​the Kursk magnetic anomaly.

Another point in the raw material characteristics of the Central Black Earth economic region is the copper-nickel province in the Voronezh region.

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The region also has non-metallic raw materials that are widely used in industry - these are Lipetsk dolomites, Voronezh refractory clays, Kursk phosphorites, etc.

The fuel used in the region is almost entirely imported due to the poverty of its fuel and energy resources. It is also poor on water, which negatively affects its economic development. Forests are almost never used in industrial production, performing mainly two roles - recreational and soil-protective. At the same time, soil resources are of great value, because 80% of them are black soil.

Labor resources and population

This economic region is home to 5.3% of the total population of Russia, that is, 7.9 million people. Here there is not such a significant gap between the urban and rural populations as in other regions: 616 and 38.4%, respectively. For a long time, the Central Black Earth region was labor-abundant and supplied labor resources to other regions, but the violation of the age-sex structure of the population led to negative trends - it is gradually becoming labor-scarce.

In general, the area belongs to a category of uniform population, rare for Russia.

Economic complex of the Central Black Earth region

Two subdistricts were formed here - Western (Kursk and Belgorod regions) and Eastern (Voronezh, Lipetsk and Tambov), which have different branches of specialization in industry. Thus, in the Western subdistrict the main attention is paid to ferrous metallurgy, metalworking, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and also to oil refining, mining and light industry. The production centers are not only Belgorod and Kursk, but also Zheleznogorsk, Oskol and other large cities.

Rice. 3. Belgorod.

Mechanical engineering and the chemical industry are also developed in the Eastern subdistrict, and it also specializes in the construction industry, horse breeding and the food industry. The largest centers are Lipetsk, Borisoglebsk, Tambov, Lebedyan and others.

In the structure of industrial production of the Central Chernozem region, 30% comes from the Voronezh region.

The local engineering industry, on the one hand, produces equipment for local mining industries, and on the other hand, specializes in the production of precision instruments (these are televisions, computers, refrigerators and other similar equipment).

Agriculture is very developed in the region - 60% of fertile land is plowed here, where wheat, fruits and vegetables are grown. Meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig and poultry farming are at a high level.

Thanks to the uniform population, the transport network is well developed. As for the energy complex, it operates almost entirely on imported raw materials, and due to the poverty of water resources, it does not include hydroelectric power plants.

What have we learned?

The Central Black Earth economic region includes five regions and is home to one of the largest ore deposits in the world - the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. The region is also distinguished by its soil richness, in short: more than 80% of the land here is fertile black soil. The main industrial sectors are ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, and the chemical industry. The population is distributed relatively evenly throughout the region, there is no obvious bias towards urbanization, but a shortage of labor resources is gradually beginning to be felt.

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The specifics of life of the population of the Central Black Earth region (as of the middle of the last century) were most vividly described by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev in “Notes of a Hunter” (the story “Khor and Kalinich”):

Anyone who happened to move from the Volkhov district to Zhizdrinsky was probably struck by the sharp difference between the breed of people in the Oryol province and the Kaluga breed. The Oryol peasant is short, stooped, gloomy, looks from under his brows, lives in crappy aspen huts, goes to corvée; does not engage in trade; eats poorly, wears bast shoes; Kaluga quitrent peasant lives in spacious pine huts, is tall, looks bold and cheerful, has a clean and white face; sells oil and tar and wears boots on holidays. The Oryol village (we are talking about the eastern part of the Oryol province) is usually located among plowed fields, near a ravine, somehow turned into a dirty pond. Apart from a few willow trees, always ready to serve, and two or three skinny birches, you won’t see a tree for a mile around; hut is stuck to hut, the roofs are covered with rotten straw... The Kaluga village, on the contrary, is mostly surrounded by forest; the huts stand freer and straighter, covered with planks; the gates are tightly locked, the fence in the backyard is not scattered and has not fallen out, it does not invite every passing pig to visit... And it is better for the hunter in the Kaluga province. In the Oryol province, the last forests and squares (“Ploshchadya” are continuous tracts of bushes) will disappear in five years, and there are no traces of swamps. In Kaluga, on the contrary, abatis stretch for hundreds, swamps for tens of miles...

What is the reason that the population, which had much better natural conditions, the most fertile chernozem soils, nevertheless ended up in worse living conditions, and, it seems, they themselves understood this (it is no coincidence that the Oryol man is “sullen, looks from under his brows,” and Kaluga - “looks bold and cheerful”). It is impossible to understand this without referring to the history of the formation of the region.

District boundaries

Let us first outline the boundaries of the region. In addition to the 5 regions included in the Central Black Earth region according to the “Gosplan” zoning, we will also include here the Oryol region (the black earth character of which Turgenev spoke so well about) and the Penza region (the only one of the regions of the “Gosplan” Volga region that is not located on the Volga) .

In principle, the “economic landscape”, very similar to the “central black earth”, continues to the Volga: the agriculture of the right bank of the Ulyanovsk, Samara and Saratov regions has many similarities with our region; only the Volga represents a sharp economic border. But nevertheless, the regions located on the Volga, developing under its determining influence, are not included by us in the Central Black Earth region.

The territory of the Central Black Earth Region, like the Central Region, is located on a watershed along the upper reaches of the Oka, Don and Seim rivers (a tributary of the Desna, on which Kursk stands). The western part of the region (Oryol, Kursk and Belgorod regions) is located on the Central Russian Upland, the eastern (Voronezh, Tambov, Lipetsk regions) is on the Oka-Don lowland. A feature of the modern relief, especially in the Western part of the region, is the many ravines, the development of which was facilitated by both natural factors (hilly terrain, easily eroded soils) and socio-economic factors (excessive deforestation, plowing of meadows).

The soils of the region are chernozem; Soil fertility, sufficient heat and moisture make it possible to grow not only grains, but also sugar beets, hemp, and sunflowers.

According to the natural zoning of the Central Black Earth region, it is a typical forest-steppe, where birch, oak and pine groves used to be common. But most of the forests have long been cut down.

In recent decades, huge reserves of iron ore have been explored on the territory of the Kursk and Belgorod regions - the so-called ores of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) - it received this name because, due to huge accumulations of iron, the magnetic field here is disrupted (the magnetic needle does not point north , and “rushes” around the compass).

The settlement of this territory by the Slavs began in the 10th-11th centuries (Kursk was first mentioned in the chronicle in 1032), but after the Mongol-Tatar invasion, all the cities here were destroyed and for a long time the main part of the area was a “wild field” - as if “no man’s land” the territory between the Moscow State and the Golden Horde (and then the Crimean Khanate). As it strengthened, the Moscow state moved its borders further and further to the south, creating fortified lines - chains of fortresses connected by fences (Zaseka - a fence of trees felled crosswise, with their tops towards the enemy), palisades, and earthen ramparts. These reinforced lines were called serifs. In the middle of the 17th century, the Belgorod Line (Belgorod-Voronezh-Kozlov, now Michurinsk) was built, later extended to Saransk-Simbirsk, and at the end of the 17th century to Penza-Syzran. Therefore, it was in the 17th century that the mass settlement of these lands began, which continued into the 18th century.

The Belgorod Line, built during 1635-1658, was a grandiose fortification structure, about 800 miles long - from the city of Akhtyrka (now in the Sumy region of Ukraine) through Belgorod and Voronezh to the city of Kozlov (present-day Michurinsk). It was an earthen rampart 2 fathoms high (more than 3 meters) with a palisade of oak logs. The line was based on 25 cities (fortified by oak walls and towers) with permanent garrisons, each of which had from 300 to 3000 “military men”.

After the construction of this line, the Tatar raids practically stopped: it was, of course, possible to overcome it in some places, but it required so much time that it was enough to transfer troops here from the nearest regions from the line.

At the end of the 18th century, the Izyum Line was built 100 versts to the south, and another century later, after the Black Sea region was annexed to Russia, the need for these structures disappeared. Most of the cities on them turned into villages.

“Servant” people settled on the new lands - landowners, who received this land and serfs for their service. Thus, the colonization of the Central Black Earth region was of a landowner-serf character; From the very beginning of settlement, this particular method of management was determined.

For a long time (until the end of the 19th century), the Central Black Earth region was the main grain base of the industrial center, and bread was the main export product (by rivers and by sleigh). But after the agricultural development of “Novorossiya” (the steppes of Southern Ukraine and the Northern Caucasus), where the capitalist, technically well-equipped grain farming produced cheaper wheat, the grain farming of the Central Black Earth region, unable to withstand the competition, switched from wheat to cheaper “gray bread” - rye and oats - for own consumption; As a result, both the profitability and marketability of agriculture here have sharply decreased.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the Central Black Earth region had reached complete impoverishment. Here, the remnants of serfdom were preserved to the greatest extent - the “working” system: the peasant rented part of the landowner’s land, and for this he “worked” on the landowner’s lands. Essentially, it was almost the same corvee as under serfdom (remember that Turgenev also pointed to the predominance of corvee as a distinctive feature of the “Oryol peasant”).

Unlike the Industrial Center, where the consequence of agrarian resettlement (when more people lived in the village than agriculture could feed) was the development of non-agricultural activities (handicrafts and labor in the cities), in the Central Black Earth Region the main type of additional income for peasants was agricultural waste up to 1/4 of the total working population went there for agricultural work in Novorossia and the steppe Trans-Volga region. Another form of solving this problem was migration to other regions of Russia, mainly to the south and east. This outflow has continued over the past 100 years and has led to the fact that the Central Black Earth region has become the only region of Russia whose population has absolutely decreased during the Soviet period (despite a fairly large natural increase, which was offset by migration outflow). Within the boundaries we are considering, the population of the region in 1926 was 13 million people, and in 1989 - 10 million.

Let's try to calculate what the migration outflow from the Central Black Earth region could have been over these years. To do this, we need to know the indicators of natural growth for all the years of Soviet power. These data must be collected in archives; they have not been published in the literature. But you can at least imagine the order of the numbers. Natural growth in the 1920s was at least 2% per year, in the 1930s it decreased sharply (perhaps there was a natural decline due to famine); The area suffered great losses during the Great Patriotic War (the bloody battle of the Kursk Bulge took place here). After the war, there was another rise in the birth rate, and then from the 1960s there was a decline, and by now there is already zero growth or natural decline. We see that calculating the average is very difficult.

But let’s assume that the average natural growth here was about 1% per year. Then in 63 years the population should increase by (1.01) 63 = 1.81 times. Thus, in the absence of migration loss, the population of the Central Chernobyl Region in 1989 would be equal to: 13000000 x 1.81 = 23500000 (people).

And the actual number in 1989 was 10 million people. Consequently, under the assumptions we made, approximately 10-15 million were “unnatural decline”, primarily the migration outflow to many regions of the former USSR. In addition, we apparently still did not sufficiently take into account the “adjustment” for losses from hunger, repression and military action; most likely they partially fell into this figure (10-15 million).

The agricultural overpopulation of the area forced peasants to plow the meadows, thereby simultaneously undermining the food supply for livestock farming and increasing the load on the natural landscape, provoking soil erosion. It was excessive plowing (which continued during the Soviet period) and the absence of virtually any fertilizers that led to a sharp increase in water erosion and loss of humus in soils. “Russian black soil”, first described by Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev at the end of the last century, alas, is no longer fully preserved.

We see, therefore, that a peculiar combination of natural, economic and historical conditions led to the fact that the Central Black Sea Region turned out to be much less developed than its northern neighbor. And one of the reasons for this is the greater uniformity of the activities of its inhabitants, who are mainly engaged in agriculture.

Some revival of the economic life of the Central Black Earth region began at the beginning of the 20th century in connection with the emergence of sugar beet crops and the first sugar factories. Being a more profitable crop, sugar beets made it possible to slightly increase the standard of living of peasants (however, at the same time, it further increased the load on arable land, requiring greater intensity of its cultivation).

During the years of the first five-year plans, the Central Black Earth region developed mainly as a food industry region; but later the first chemical production began to appear (for example, the production of synthetic rubber from potato alcohol) and machine-building plants (aircraft plant in Voronezh and others). But the region received especially rapid industrial development in connection with the development of iron ore deposits of the KMA. The consequence of this was the development of ferrous metallurgy and various mechanical engineering.

Thus, the following stages can be distinguished in the development of the Central Black Earth region:

1) “wild field”;

2) Russian landowner-peasant colonization (XVII century);

3) development of grain farming, supply of bread to the industrial center;

4) crisis caused by competition from new grain-producing regions and agrarian resettlement (late 19th - early 20th centuries);

5) expanding the share of industrial crops in agriculture, sugar production, development of the chemical industry based on food raw materials (1900-1930s);

6) the beginning of the exploitation of KMA ores, the development of ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering (since the 1950s).

Industry of the region

The areas of specialization of the region's modern industry are the food industry, ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, and chemistry.

Iron ore is mined by open-pit mining in two areas - near Stary Oskol (in the Belgorod region) and near the city of Gubkin (Kursk region). Open-pit mining (in quarries) produces cheaper ore, but leads to the destruction of large tracts of chernozem soils (firstly, when opening the quarry, and secondly, under dumps) and lowers the groundwater level in large areas, which further complicates already complex water supply problems.

KMA iron ore is mostly exported from the region; in addition, the Novo-Lipetsk Metallurgical Plant (full cycle) and the Stary Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant operate on it. Having our own contributes to the development of mechanical engineering, which is represented by the production of forging and pressing equipment, steam boilers, tractors, agricultural machines, and geological exploration equipment. Enterprises more focused on labor resources also emerged: the production of calculating machines (Kursk), aircraft, televisions (Voronezh) and others.

The chemical industry is partly related to metallurgy (the production of mineral fertilizers and dyes using waste from the coke production of the Novo-Lipetsk plant), but to a greater extent it works on oil and gas raw materials: the production of synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, and rubber products.

The area is deprived of fuel sources - large rivers. Therefore, its energy sector developed for a long time on coal from the Donbass, and then on oil products and gas from the Volga region. But the energy problem was radically solved with the construction of the Novovoronezh and Kursk nuclear power plants.

The region's agro-industrial complex is specialized in grain and industrial crops (sugar beets, hemp, sunflower, tobacco); as well as in dairy and beef cattle breeding and pig breeding. Products exported from the region - sugar, vegetable and butter, meat. But the region's agricultural land is constantly shrinking due to erosion; more than 1/4 of the arable land is affected by it.

Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov regions.

Economic and geographical location.

The region has a small territory (107 thousand km 2) and a convenient transport and geographical location. It borders with the Central, Volga and North Caucasus economic regions of the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Railways and highways cross the territory of the region both in the latitudinal and meridional directions. There is an extensive network of gas pipelines and power lines.

The presence of large mineral deposits (iron ore, cement raw materials) and favorable soil and climatic conditions, as well as a significant labor force, contribute to the development of various industries and agriculture.

Natural conditions and resources.

The climate is temperate continental, milder than in the Central Economic Region. Natural zones are forest-steppe and steppe. The relief is flat. Significant tracts of chernozem soils are concentrated here. But most of the region suffers from a lack of water resources.

The reserves of iron ore of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) are large - about 40 billion tons. The share of rich ores, where the iron content reaches 60%, is significant. Iron ore regions are distinguished: in the Belgorod region - Starooskolsky (Lebedinskoye, Stoilenskoye deposits and near the city of Gubkin) and Mikhailovsky (Zheleznogorsk, Kursk region).

There are also deposits of refractory clays, phosphorites, and building materials. There are no fuel resources.

Population - 7.0 million people; the average population density is 46 people per 1 km 2. This has long been a densely populated area.

The area developed as an agricultural one. Currently, the population is employed in both industry and agriculture. Urbanization rate - 62%.

Farming.

The main features of the economy are determined by the convenient EGP, the availability of labor resources, the wealth of ore deposits, favorable soil and climatic conditions for the development of agriculture, but the lack of water and energy resources.

The specialization of the region is determined by the predominant development of the metallurgical, mechanical engineering, chemical and food industries, as well as highly developed agriculture.

The mining industry (extraction of iron ore) serves as the basis for the development of ferrous metallurgy. Large centers are the Novolipetsk full-cycle metallurgical plant and the blast-furnace metal production plant in Stary Oskol.

The mechanical engineering industry of the region specializes in the production of: mining equipment, excavators, agricultural machines, chemical equipment, machine tools, instruments, electrical products, equipment for the food and cement industries.

Industrial enterprises are located in large cities - Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod, Michurinsk, Yelets. Precision engineering is represented in Kursk; in Belgorod - metal-intensive mechanical engineering - production of mining equipment. There is a large tractor plant in Lipetsk.

The chemical industry is represented by the production of synthetic rubber and tires in Voronezh, dyes in Tambov, chemical fiber in Kursk. Coke oven gases are used for the production of nitrogen fertilizers and aniline dyes. But mainly industrial enterprises in the industry operate on imported raw materials.

The building materials industry, especially the cement industry, is developed in Belgorod, Lipetsk, Stary Oskol, Zheleznogorsk and Gubkin. The production of reinforced concrete structures is developing.

The region has a highly developed food industry. These are flour mills, oil mills, sugar and tobacco factories.

Agro-industrial complex.

The region is characterized by highly developed agriculture with a predominance of crop production. Mainly grains (winter wheat, corn, barley, rye) and industrial crops (sugar beets, sunflower) are grown. Significant areas are occupied by potatoes and vegetables. Livestock farming is mainly focused on meat and dairy production. They raise cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry. A suburban economy developed around the cities. Gardening is developed.

The fuel and energy complex is the weak link of the economic complex.

Deprived of its energy resources, the region is forced to import fuel from other regions (mainly oil and gas). All power plants in the region operate on imported fuel. A significant part of the electricity is generated by powerful nuclear power plants - Kursk and Novovoronezh.

Transport.

All modes of transport are well developed, providing internal and external connections.

1. Compare the features of the physical and economic-geographical position of the Central Black Earth and Central regions.

The physical-geographical position of the regions is similar. The Central Black Earth region is also located within the East European Plain in a temperate climate region. However, it is located south of the Central region, and therefore is characterized by higher temperatures. The Central Black Sea Region is located in the natural steppe zone, while large areas of the Central region are occupied by mixed forests. The Central Black Earth economic region borders on the leading industrial region of the country - Central, and is also conveniently located in relation to the fuel and energy bases of the Volga region, the North Caucasus and Ukraine, while the Central region is focused on the resource bases of the European North. Both areas are on the western border of the country and are landlocked. Thus, both areas have favorable natural conditions, are poor in mineral natural resources, but are close to resource bases, and have an advantageous neighboring position. Taking advantage of its geographical location between the most important economic regions of the country, as well as large natural and human resources, the Chernozem Center is a highly developed industrial-agrarian region.

2. Compare the natural conditions and resources of these two neighboring areas. Which of them is characterized by greater natural homogeneity?

In the nature of the Central region, we considered the natural zones of mixed forests, forest-steppes and steppes in the south. The Central Black Earth region is located further south. It has a smaller area and is entirely located in the steppe zone, therefore it is characterized by greater natural homogeneity.

3. What are the main differences between the economy of the Central Black Earth Region and the economy of the Central region? What is their main reason?

The main reasons for the differences in the economy of these two developed regions of the country are natural conditions and resources. In the industrial complex of the Central Black Earth region, the leading place is occupied by ferrous metallurgy, which is an industry of market specialization. The industry is developing using local raw materials. The Central Black Earth region is one of the main agricultural regions of the country. The share of the agricultural sector in the region in the gross social product is almost 25%. Fertile soils, moisture provided in a significant part of the region, and a long warm period create opportunities for obtaining high yields of agricultural crops here. The branches of industry specialization are highly developed diversified mechanical engineering, which specializes in the production of automobiles, machine tools, tools, instruments, electrical equipment and equipment for the light and food industries. Specialization in the most complex precision engineering and automation industries is associated with the presence of highly qualified personnel and a powerful scientific and technical base in the region.

Contents: 1. Composition of the economic region. 2. Economic-geographical position (EGP) 3. Nature of the area (soils, climate, topography, rivers, etc.). 4. History of the area (stages). 5. Population. Labor resources. 6. Economy of the region (specialization) 7. Problems and prospects for the development of the region.

Composition of the economic region The area of ​​the region is 167.7 thousand km 2 (1% of the entire territory of Russia) The region includes the following regions: Belgorod Voronezh Kursk Lipetsk Tambov Population of the region 7.9 people. (5.3% of the total population of Russia). Large cities (thousands): Voronezh (903), Lipetsk (375), Kursk (373), Tambov (265), Belgorod (227), Yelets (113)

The northern part of the region is located in the forest-steppe zone, gradually turning into the steppe zone to the south. The climate is moderate continental. The region belongs to the zone of unstable moisture, its territory is prone to droughts. In general, the region is characterized by a tense water balance. There are deposits of bauxite and iron ore. The area is poor in water resources, which is unfavorable for its economic development. The land resources of the region are distinguished by their quality: 80% are soils of the chernozem type.

History The following stages can be distinguished in the development of the Central Chernobyl Region: XIII to XVII centuries. XVIII-XIX centuries Late XIX - early XX 1900 -1930 since the 1950s Wild field. Russian landowner-peasant colonization. Development of grain farming, supply of bread to the industrial Center. A crisis caused by competition from new grain regions and agricultural overpopulation. Expanding the share of industrial crops in agriculture, sugar production, development of the chemical industry using food raw materials. The beginning of the development of ores of the Kursk magnetic anomaly, the development of ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering.

Economic-geographical position The location of the region is borderline. Convenient location in relation to the fuel and energy bases of the Volga region, the North Caucasus and Ukraine. It borders on the Central Economic Region in the north, on the Volga region in the east, and on the North Caucasus economic region in the south. It is part of Central Russia. Border states: in the west - Ukraine (Kyiv) Transport axes running from north to south intersect with latitudinal transport routes. At their intersection there are large cities and industrial hubs: Voronezh, Lipetsk, Kursk, Belgorod, Tambov.

Agriculture Chernozem soils predominate. Most of the steppes are plowed. Almost 80% of the area is occupied by agricultural land, and 8.9% by forests. There are no reserves for agricultural expansion in the region. The flour milling and feed milling industries are widely represented in the region. Oil and fat production is one of the oldest in the Central Black Earth Region. The raw material for it is sunflower.

Specialization Agriculture Food industry Ferrous metallurgy In agriculture, the sectors of market specialization are the production of grain, sugar beets, sunflowers, essential oil crops, fruits, berries, milk and meat. The district produces 25.2% vegetable oil and 35.4% granulated sugar. The district produces 49.3% of marketable iron ore, 17.2% of cast iron, 18.8% of steel, 19.4% of finished rolled ferrous metals, 2.2% of forging machines, 12.4% of cement.

Industry The leading place in the industrial complex is occupied by ferrous metallurgy, which is a sector of market specialization. Commercial iron ore, cast iron, steel, and finished rolled products are widely exported to other regions of Russia and neighboring countries. The largest enterprises of the metallurgical complex include Lebedinsky, Mikhailovsky, the KMAruda association, and the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant. The cost of iron ore production in the region is 20% lower than the Russian average. The area's market specialization is the food industry. It has a powerful, developed raw material base and is also diversified. Sugar, meat, butter, butter, cheese, alcohol, tobacco, and canned fruits and vegetables are important. These industries supply their products to the all-Russian food market. The food industry is characterized by high wear and tear of production assets (up to 70%)

Objectives of the region Preservation for future generations of Russian black soil, characteristic natural landscapes of the steppe and forest-steppe zones, natural monuments, history and culture. Having been an area of ​​population outflow for more than 100 years, the Central Black Earth Region in recent years has become one of the most attractive places for immigrants from new foreign countries - the former Soviet republics of the USSR. The influx of new active citizens will revitalize the life of the area and better use its potential for the benefit of the entire country.

Problems and prospects for the development of the region A factor constraining the economic development of the region is the limited water resources. The solution to this problem is to create closed and recycled water supply systems. Prospects for the development of the region are associated with the formation of a special economic zone of the industrial production type “Lipetsk” on the territory of the Gryazinsky district of the Lipetsk region. Industrial production orientation includes manufacturing industries, including: production of machinery and equipment, household electrical appliances, electrical machines, plastic and metal products, electrical and electronic equipment, furniture and other products.

CONCLUSION: One of the main directions for the further development of the Central Black Earth economic region is the creation of highly commercial and diversified agriculture and related processing industries. It is necessary to significantly strengthen the material and technical base of agriculture in the region, its industrialization at a qualitatively new level. Also promising in the region are the production of mineral fertilizers and the production of synthetic materials. In the Belgorod region, the development of the cement industry based on its own resources is promising.