Performed by organizations, regardless of their form of ownership, carrying out construction with the involvement of funds from the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipal budgets, extra-budgetary funds and other sources of financing.

1.3. Basic prices in the Directories are set depending on the natural indicators of design objects (power, length, capacity, area, etc.) or on the total cost of construction.

1.4. The prices given in the Directories are set in accordance with the composition and requirements for the content of sections of project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings, structures, provided for by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 8, Art. 744).

1.5. The Directories contain prices for individual design of capital construction projects of buildings and structures, using drawings of standard (reusable) products and assemblies for individual elements of building structures.

1.6. The prices in the Directories take into account the costs of developing design and working documentation, excluding value added tax.

1.7. The prices of the Directories take into account and do not require additional payment for the following works and services:

1.7.1. Production of demonstration materials (except for demonstration models).

1.7.2. Participation of the design organization together with the customer in the coordination of finished design documentation with government agencies and local governments.

1.7.3. Protection of project documentation in expert and approving authorities.

1.8. The comprehensive prices of the Handbooks for the development of design and working documentation do not take into account the costs of:

1.8.1. Development of design solutions specified in the design assignment in several options, with the exception of variant studies for selecting optimal design solutions.

The development of additional options for individual technological, structural, architectural and other solutions is established in the design assignment, where the sections (or subsections) of the design documentation for which the development of these options and the initial data necessary for their development must also be determined.

The degree of development of additional options is established in agreement with the customer. In the process of developing both the main and additional options, variant development of design solutions is carried out.

1.8.2. Development of solutions for monumental and decorative design of enterprises, buildings and structures. Such work, in cases where it is provided for in the design assignment, is carried out, as a rule, by art fund organizations under separate contracts and prices.

1.8.3. Making changes to design and working documentation (with the exception of correcting errors made by the design organization). The execution of the specified work must be provided for in a separate order of the customer and paid additionally.

1.8.4. Development of detail drawings of metal structures (DM) and prefabricated process pipelines. The costs of a design organization that develops concrete design drawings according to a separate order from the customer are determined on the basis of cost calculations and are paid additionally.

1.8.5. Carrying out surveys and measuring work at facilities subject to reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment. The cost of such work is determined according to the relevant Directories, or by calculating the cost in accordance with cost calculation.

1.8.6. Development of design documentation for custom-made equipment, in addition to drawing up initial requirements for the design of this equipment.

1.8.7. Business trips. The base prices of the Directory do not take into account the costs of business trips, including the costs of administrative personnel, if the trips of this personnel are directly related to the design of the facility. The limit on travel expenses is taken into account in the estimate for design work for construction.

1.8.8. Development of work projects (WPP).

1.8.9. Development of working documentation for the construction of temporary buildings and structures for the needs of construction organizations.

1.8.11. Scientific research and experimental work.

1.8.12. Development of automated enterprise management systems (APCS) and automated process control systems (APCS). The base price for the design of automated control systems and automated process control systems is determined according to the relevant price documents for the development of the specified technical documentation.

1.8.13. Development of the section “Civil defense measures and measures to prevent natural and man-made emergencies.” The base price for the development of the specified section is determined according to the relevant Directory.

1.8.14. Carrying out work to assess the environmental impact of a capital construction project (EIA). The cost of work is determined in the manner established in the relevant Directories.

1.9. The distribution of the base price for the development of design and working documentation is carried out, as a rule, in accordance with the indicators given in Table 1, and can be specified by agreement between the contractor and the customer.

Table 1

Types of documentation	Percentage of base price
Project documentation
Working documentation
TOTAL

1.10. If the design assignment provides for the simultaneous development of design documentation and partial development of working documentation, then the total percentage of the base price is determined by agreement between the construction customer and the design organization, depending on the architectural, functional-technological, constructive and engineering solutions contained in the design documentation , as well as the degree of their detail.

1.11. When performing design work, in a reduced composition of sections and scope of work provided for by the current regulatory documents (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. № 87 , of these Guidelines, etc.), their price, regardless of the methods of its determination, is determined by the prices for the development of design and working documentation using a reduction factor, the size of which is established by the contractor in agreement with the customer, in accordance with the labor intensity of the work and the relative cost of developing sections design and working documentation.

1.12. When determining the initial (maximum) contract price for design work, in addition to their cost determined at the time of the competition (auction), it is recommended to use a deflator index established by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, valid for the middle of the standard design period.

1.13. The Directories present the recommended relative costs of developing sections of design and working documentation (as a percentage of the base price), which can be specified for divisions (departments) of a design organization, when designing a specific object, within a certain total cost of design, depending on the labor intensity of the work performed. works

2. The procedure for determining base prices for design work

2.1. The procedure for determining the base price depending on the natural indicators of design objects

2.1.1. The base price for the development of design and working documentation is determined by the formula:

C = (a + in)´ TO i ,

Where

« A" And " V» - constant values ​​for a certain interval of the main indicator of the designed object, in thousand rubles;

X- the main indicator of the designed object;

TO i - coefficient reflecting inflationary processes in design at the time of determining the price of design work for the construction of an object.

2.1.2. The prices of the Directories for the development of design and working documentation for enterprises, workshops, buildings and structures take into account the cost of designing all on-site engineering networks, communications, structures and devices (electricity, water supply, sewerage, heat supply, etc.), including the connection of workshops, buildings and structures to them , as well as diagrams of the planning organization of the land plot (master plan and landscaping) within the construction site.

If the price in the Directory is set for the development of design and working documentation for the main production (without taking into account auxiliary, as well as on-site engineering networks and structures), the total cost of design is determined by a set of cost indicators for the design of main and auxiliary facilities.

The cost of designing off-site construction of utility networks and communications is not included in the prices and is determined additionally.

2.1.3. If the designed object has a key indicator value less than the minimum or more than the maximum indicators given in the price tables of the Directories, the price for developing design and working documentation is determined by extrapolation in accordance with the formula given in and to these Guidelines. This provision also applies to positions when in the price table the words “up to” and “above” appear before the minimum and after the maximum indicator, respectively. In cases where the accepted indicator is less than half the minimum or more than double the maximum indicator given in the table, the base price of design work is determined in the manner established by paragraph 2.1.4 of these Guidelines.

2.1.4. The price of developing design and working documentation for the construction of facilities for which prices are not given in the Directories and cannot be accepted by analogy is determined by calculating the cost in accordance with cost calculation (form 3P).

2.2. The procedure for determining the base price from the total cost of construction

2.2.1. The base price for the development of design and working documentation is determined from the total cost of construction of the entire complex of buildings (structures) or facility, determined according to the consolidated estimate of the cost of construction, depending on the categories of complexity of the design objects.

2.2.2. The cost of construction can be determined:

Using analogue objects, taking into account their comparability;

According to the aggregated indicators of the estimated cost per 1 sq.m of total area, 1 cubic meter of building volume, 1 m (km) of highway, 1 hectare of development, per unit of power, productivity, etc.

By type or complex of work.

2.2.3. The price for developing design and working documentation is determined using tables corresponding to the functional purpose of capital construction projects.

2.2.4. The base price of project documentation is determined by the formula:

Where:

WITH	Base price of design and working documentation in current prices;
WITH 01	Base price of design and working documentation as of 01/01/2001;
Page 01	Construction cost as of 01/01/2001
a	Percentage of the base price of the total construction cost in 2001 prices (Handbook table).
TO i	A coefficient reflecting inflationary processes in design at the time of determining the price of design work.

To recalculate the cost of construction of facilities from the price level as of 01/01/2000 to the price level as of 01/01/2001, a coefficient of 1.25 is adopted.

2.2.5. When the project being designed has a construction cost value that is between the indicators given in the table, the base price for the development of design documentation is determined by interpolation. If the cost of constructing an object is less or more than the extreme cost indicators given in the price table, the base price of the design work is accepted in the amounts established for the extreme indicators without extrapolation downwards or upwards.

2.2.6. In the event that the volume of construction and installation work on a construction project is less than 60% of the total construction cost, the following coefficients are applied to the prices of design work:

up to 50% - 0.95;

up to 40% - 0.9;

up to 30% - 0.8;

up to 20% - 0.7.

2.2.7. If the contract for the performance of design work provides for an open contract price, then the cost of design work is recommended to be clarified based on the cost of construction determined as a result of the design.

2.2.8. When determining the base price, coefficients that take into account complicating factors ( , and these Guidelines) are not applied.

3. The procedure for determining the cost of design work, taking into account additional factors affecting the complexity of design

3.1. The price for developing design and working documentation using the mock-up design method is determined according to the prices of the Directories using increasing factors. If there are no established increasing coefficients in the Directories, the price of developing project documentation using the specified method is determined by applying the following coefficients to the base price: project documentation - 1.05; working documentation - 1.1.

3.2. The price of linking standard or reused design documentation, without making changes to the above-ground part of the building, is determined according to the prices of the Directories using coefficients from 0.2 to 0.35. At the same time, the minimum size of the coefficient is accepted when linking an object without making any changes to the above-ground and underground parts of the building. The price of linking standard or reused design documentation with amendments to it in the underground and above-ground parts is determined at the prices of the Directories using a general coefficient of up to 0.8, depending on the labor intensity of the work. The approximate volumes of work for the development of individual elements of buildings and structures as a percentage of the design cost are given in these Guidelines.

3.3. The price of developing design and working documentation for the construction of objects classified as particularly dangerous, technically complex and unique capital construction projects is determined according to the prices of the Directories, while a coefficient of up to 1.5 is applied to the cost of those types of design work, the development of which becomes more complicated, for with the exception of Directories, which establish a special procedure for calculating the price of the specified work.

3.4. The price of developing design and working documentation for the reconstruction of existing enterprises, workshops, buildings and structures is determined at the prices of the Directories, based on the value of the main indicator of the designed object, which must be achieved as a result of its reconstruction, technical re-equipment, using a coefficient of up to 1.5, established by the design organization in agreement with the customer. For objects classified as especially dangerous, technically complex and unique objects capital construction - up to 2.0.

3.5. The price for developing design (working) documentation for major repairs of facilities is determined according to the relevant Directories of basic prices.

If it is impossible to use the specified Directories, the price of design work for major repairs of objects can be determined using the Directories of basic prices for design work for new construction conditions, in which the cost of design work is determined from the physical indicators of the designed objects, using a reduction factor that takes into account the volume of work on capital repairs and a reduction factor that takes into account the volume, composition of sections and completeness of the development of technical documentation for major repairs in comparison with the composition of sections and the volume of documentation developed for new construction (these Guidelines).

3.6. When preparing local estimates using the resource method, if there is no centralized data bank on the current cost of resources in the construction region, an increasing factor of 1.1 is applied to the cost of developing estimate documentation.

3.7. The price of developing design and working documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures in difficult conditions is determined at the prices of the Directories with the following coefficients applied to the cost of design work, for the development of which special requirements are established by the relevant regulatory documents:

Factors that complicate design	Odds
Permafrost, subsidence, swelling soils; karst and landslide phenomena; location of the construction site above mine workings, in flooded areas, etc.	1,15
Seismicity 7 points	1,15
Seismicity 8 points	1,20
Seismicity 9 points	1,30

If there are two or more complicating factors, coefficients are applied for each factor.

3.8. The price of designing enterprises, buildings and structures with the installation of imported main technological equipment used by the design organization for the first time is determined according to the prices of the Directories; in this case, to the cost of types of design work, the development of which is complicated due to the use of the specified equipment, in agreement with the customer, a coefficient of up to 1.3 is applied.

3.9. The costs of design organizations associated with their performance of the functions of a general designer and supervision of design work transferred to subcontract are determined in the amount of up to 2% of the price of development of design and working documentation transferred to subcontracted design organizations, and are paid additionally.

3.10. The prices of the Directories take into account the cost of 4 copies of design and working documentation transferred to the customer. The cost of copies of design products issued at the request of the customer in excess of the specified quantity is determined in addition to the base price.

3.11. When determining the base design price according to the Reference Books of base prices for design work for construction, in the event that, at the request of the customer, the design time established in the design assignment is reduced compared to the standard ones, it is recommended to apply the following increasing factors:

3.12. Instructions for the use of prices and correction factors given in one Directory are not allowed to be used when determining the cost of design work in other Directories.

3.13. The cost of developing design and working documentation, carried out in accordance with the relevant regulatory documents governing the design of facilities for construction abroad, is determined taking into account complicating factors:

No.	Complicating Factors	Development cost ratios
		Project documentation	Working documentation
	Translation of text materials of technical documentation, inscriptions on drawings into a foreign language		1,05
	Translation of materials from a foreign customer into Russian	1,03	1,03
	Double checking of calculations, drawings and specifications, calculations of the volume of work, estimate documentation and other design materials, production of duplicate copies, increased requirements for the design and packaging of project documentation
	Other factors influencing the increase in labor intensity of design work:
	Current frequency and voltage, difference in permissible limits of fluctuations in current frequency, different from the Russian Federation (to the cost of designing electrical equipment, power supply, low currents, and, if necessary, other sections)		1,05
	Dry or humid tropical climate	1,15
	Development of design documentation taking into account the use by the design organization for the first time of equipment and materials purchased in the customer’s countries or supplied from third countries
	Application of foreign norms and standards for materials and equipment, performing structural calculations based on them, etc., specified by the customer in the design assignment	1,15
	Additional requirements for design and working documentation for the construction of facilities on contract terms, including the preparation of specifications for equipment and materials of temporary import

Note - Increasing factors are applied to the cost of sections of project documentation or their parts, the development of which is more complicated.

3.14. When determining the cost of design work at the prices of the Directories in the presence of several complicating factors and in connection with this the application of several coefficients greater than one, the overall increasing coefficient is determined by summing their fractional parts and one. When determining the cost of design work using several coefficients less than one, the overall reduction coefficient is determined by multiplying them.

3.15. Costs of design organizations located in areas in which, in accordance with current legislation, payments are made due to regional regulation of wages, incl. payments according to regional coefficients, as well as wage supplements for continuous work experience and other benefits provided for by law in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas, are determined additionally by introducing increasing coefficients to the total base price, established on the basis of relevant substantiating calculations performed the design organization itself.

Appendix No. 1

Extrapolation and interpolation when calculating the price of design work

In the case when the designed object has a basic indicator value less than the minimum or more than the maximum indicator given in the table of the Reference Prices, the basic design price is determined by extrapolation; in this case, the amount of adjustment to the price decreases by 40%, i.e. when calculating, the indicator of the designed object Xresponse is taken with a coefficient of 0.6.

If the power indicator of an object is less than the table indicator, the base price of its design is determined by the formula:

C = a + b´ (0,4 ´ X min + 0,6 ´ X ass ),

Where:

If the power indicator of an object is greater than the table indicator, the base price of its design is determined by the formula:

C = a + b´ (0,4 ´ X max + 0,6 ´ X ass ),

Where:

In the case when the table shows only the value “a”, and the designed object has an indicator value that does not coincide with those given in the table, the base price of its design is determined by interpolation or extrapolation; when extrapolating downward or upward, the value of the correction to the price is reduced by 40% (when calculating the value of the correction, a reduction factor is introduced TO=0,6).

Appendix No. 2

Examples of determining the base price design of objects, whose indicators are higher, lower or are between the indicators given in the tables of the directory

Example 1. In the case when the table in the Reference Price Guide shows the values ​​“a” and “b”.

No.		Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object
	Sewage sludge incineration facilities with capacity, thousand m 3 /year:
	from 25 to 60	1 thousand m 3 /year	66,5

*) The table indicators are accepted conditionally

1.1. It is required to determine the base price for designing sewage sludge incineration facilities with a capacity of 15 thousand m 3 /year. The base price is determined by the formula:

C = a + b´ (0,4 ´ X min + 0,6 ´ X ass ),

Where

AAnd V- constant values ​​taken from the table of the minimum value of the indicator;

X min - the minimum indicator given in the table;

X ass - a given indicator of the designed object.

Calculation example: 66,5 + 1,2 ´ (0,4 ´ 25 + 0,6 ´ 15) = 89.3 thousand rubles

1.2. It is required to determine the base price for designing sewage sludge incineration facilities with a capacity of 80 thousand m3/year. The base price is determined by the formula:

C = a + b´ (0,4 ´ X max + 0.6´ X ass),

Where

AAnd V- constant values ​​taken from the table of the maximum value of the indicator;

X max - the maximum indicator given in the table;

X ass - a given indicator of the designed object.

Calculation example: 66,5 + 1,2 ´ (0,4 ´ 60 + 0,6 ´ 80) = 152.9 thousand rubles

Example 2. In the case when only the value “a” is given in the table of the Reference Price Guide.

The Directory of basic prices for design work provides a table:

No.	Name of the design object	Unit of measurement of the main indicator of the object	Constant values ​​of the base price for the development of design and working documentation, thousand rubles.
	Wash water treatment facilities with capacity, m 3 /day.
		1 m 3 /day.
		- “ -
	...................	.........	.........
	...................	.........	.........
	40000		219,4
	80000		369,1

2.1. It is required to determine the base price for designing a wash water treatment facility with a capacity of 100 m 3 /day.

Calculation example: thousand roubles.

2.2. It is required to determine the base price for designing a wash water treatment facility with a capacity of 300 m 3 /day. Interest

I. Underground part of the building

Foundations, except piles, with changes in size

Foundations, except piles, with a change in type

Pile foundations

II. Aboveground part

Facades without reworking the heating project

12,5

Walls with changes in material or thickness or design

Floors with changes in design, type or layout of panels

Redevelopment of premises

Redesigned floors

Interior decoration

Staircase-elevator unit with changes in elevator structures

Window

Roof with design changes

Inputs

Currently, the procedure for forming the estimated cost is determined by the Methodological Guidelines for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation, developed by the Department of Pricing and Estimated Standardization in Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Gosstroy of Russia and the Interregional Center for Pricing in Construction and the Building Materials Industry of the Gosstroy of Russia, introduced in effective from July 1, 1999.
These methodological recommendations are mandatory for use by all enterprises and organizations carrying out construction using budget funds and targeted extra-budgetary funds, and for construction projects financed from the organizations’ own funds, they are advisory in nature.
The basis for determining the estimated cost is:
. project and working documentation (drawings, statements of quantities for construction and installation work), specifications and statements for equipment; basic decisions on the organization and order of construction; explanatory notes to design materials);
. the current estimate and regulatory framework, put into effect on January 1, 1990 (it is also possible to use estimate standards and prices of 1984). In the absence of the necessary estimate standards, as well as for specialized construction projects, individual estimate standards can be used.
The estimated cost of construction in accordance with the technological structure of capital investments and the procedure for carrying out the activities of construction and installation organizations is determined by the following elements:
. construction works;
. installation work;
. costs for the acquisition (manufacturing) of main and auxiliary technological equipment, furniture and inventory;
. other costs (design, survey and research work, training of operational personnel, maintenance of the customer-developer service).
In practice, construction and installation works are combined into one item when calculating the estimated cost.
The estimated cost of construction and installation work is determined by adding direct costs, overhead costs and planned savings.

Ssmr = PZ + NR + PN.

Direct costs include the cost of paying workers; cost of materials, parts and structures; operating costs of construction machinery and mechanisms. Costs are determined directly by direct invoice based on physical volumes for structures, types of work and estimated standards and prices.
Estimated labor costs (Zot) are determined based on the labor intensity of the work (T, man-hours), determined according to standards; average monthly wage of 1 worker (Zmes, rub.) and average monthly number of hours (t, hours/month):

Zot = T x Zmes / t

The estimated cost of material resources is determined based on data on the standard requirement for materials, parts and structures in physical units of measurement (Pm) and the corresponding prices for this type of material resource (Tm):

Зм = Σ(Рм x Цм).

The estimated costs of operating construction machinery and equipment are determined based on data on the time of use of the necessary machines in accordance with current standards (in machine hours) and the price of 1 machine hour of operation of the machines. To determine the price of 1 machine hour, you can use the formula:

Tsmash.-hour. = (Zed + Zgod + Zekspl) x China,

where Zed is one-time costs per 1 machine hour; rub./machine-hour;
Zgod - annual costs per 1 machine hour; rub./machine-hour;
Zexpl - operating costs per 1 machine-hour; rub./machine-hour;
Knr is a coefficient that takes into account the overhead costs of departments and bases for the operation of construction machines.
Non-recurring costs take into account the cost of moving machines from a base to a construction site or from one construction site to another. They also include the costs of installation, dismantling, loading and unloading of relocated machines, as well as the costs of using installation equipment.
Annual costs correspond to depreciation charges.
Operating costs include wages of workers involved in operating and maintaining machines, costs of electricity, fuel, lubricants, maintenance and repair of temporary rail tracks and a number of other costs.
Overhead costs in construction include the costs of managing and maintaining the contract and are associated with providing the necessary conditions for the functioning of the construction production process. When determining the estimated cost, overhead costs are calculated indirectly based on:
1. industry-wide integrated standards for the main types of construction;
2. overhead cost standards for types of construction and installation work;
3. individual overhead costs for a specific organization.
The amount of planned savings can be determined on the basis of an individual standard for a particular organization or recommended industry-wide standards in the amount of 50% of workers' compensation or 12% of the amount of estimated direct costs and overhead costs.
Construction estimate documentation includes local and site estimates. Local estimates are compiled for certain types of construction and installation work; they group data into sections according to individual elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices. The grouping order must correspond to the technological sequence of work and take into account the specific features of individual types of construction. For buildings and structures, it is advisable to divide them into an underground part (the so-called “zero cycle” work) and an above-ground part.
Previously, we pointed out the need to organize cost accounting for construction and installation work in the context of individual technological complexes. In this regard, we consider it advisable, when drawing up local estimates at the stage of design and construction planning, to group information about the estimated cost into sections corresponding to the selected technological complexes. This grouping will allow for rapid analysis of deviations of actual costs from estimated costs that arise during the implementation of the contract.
Object estimates are compiled by summing up the data from local estimate calculations and represent information on the full estimated cost of the object necessary for making payments between the customer and the contractor. Additionally, the estimate for the facility indicates the amount of funds to cover limited costs, including:
. for the increase in the cost of work in winter, the cost of temporary structures and other costs in the corresponding percentage of the total of each type of work or the total of construction and installation work according to all local estimates;
. part of the reserve for unforeseen expenses, in the amount agreed between the contractor and the customer.
When determining the estimated cost, the investor (customer) and the contractor can use various methods, the choice of which in each specific case depends on the terms of the contract and the general economic situation (Fig. 1.9).

The resource method is the calculation in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of resources (cost elements) necessary to implement the design solution. When drawing up estimates, natural meters are used to measure the consumption of materials and structures, the time spent in operating machines and equipment, the labor costs of workers, and the prices for these resources are taken current (i.e. at the time of drawing up the estimates). Using this method allows you to determine the estimated cost of an object at any point in time.
The resource-index method involves the additional use of price indices for resources used in construction.
The base-index method is based on the application of a system of current and forecast indices in relation to the construction cost determined at the base level. To bring current (forecast) prices to the level, the base cost of the object for individual lines of the estimate and each element of the technological structure of capital investments is multiplied by the corresponding index for the industry (sub-industry), type of work, followed by summing up the results of the estimate.
The basic compensation method is the summation of the cost calculated at the basic level of estimated prices, and additional costs associated with rising prices for the resources used in construction, with clarification of these calculations during the construction process depending on the real change in prices.
As another method for determining the estimated cost, information on the cost of previously constructed or designed similar facilities can be used.
It should be noted that price formation is determined by the organizational form of construction.
When direct bilateral contracts are concluded between the customer and the contractor, the price determined in the contract is formed on the basis of the estimated cost calculated by the designer on behalf of the customer in agreement with the contractor. All deviations from the estimate that arise during the construction process are regulated by the parties, each of which has opposing interests. The contract, as a rule, provides for all the necessary conditions for changing the estimated cost, reimbursement of unforeseen expenses, etc., therefore, if it is drawn up correctly, the contractor's risk remains a minimal disadvantage of this practice - the possibility of inflating the estimated cost, and, consequently, the price of the object.
When carrying out turnkey construction, the price of construction products is determined unilaterally, since the functions of the customer are performed by the contractor. In this case, the price formation will be directly influenced by the availability of construction financing from investors; if the sources of financing are fully or partially budgetary funds and extra-budgetary funds, then the estimated cost is determined in strict accordance with the requirements of the Methodological Recommendations of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation. The amount of profit that the contractor will receive can be increased by the amount of savings used for construction in relation to the estimate.
However, construction financing is most often carried out from the own funds of organizations or individuals. In this case, the contractor may seek to inflate the price, believing that the higher the price set, the greater the profit will be made.
As a rule, this concerns housing construction; the general contractor leading the construction of a residential building acts as both a customer and, partially or fully, an investor at the same time. At the stage of construction of the facility, funds from individuals or legal entities can be raised on the basis of equity participation. Prices, in this case, are determined by the contractor, but in a competitive environment they must be influenced by supply and demand.
When concluding direct bilateral contracts between the customer and the contractor, the estimated cost is formed by agreement between the two parties. In this case, the contractor’s risk depends mainly on objective factors. As a rule, in practice there is an overestimation of the estimated cost on the part of the contractor either at the design stage or during the construction process.
The vast majority of experts argue that the current system of estimated pricing and regulation in construction is outdated and leads to significant distortions in the cost of construction and installation work.
However, according to Volkov B.A., Yanygin V.Yu. and others, “in the current conditions, the creation of a full-fledged analogue of the estimate documentation that existed during the planned economy is, in principle, impossible for a number of reasons. The first of them is free pricing of resources, as a result of which any modern directory loses its freshness after just six months and becomes practically unusable after a year due to constant changes in market conditions. The second reason is that over the past time, construction technology has partially changed, new machines, building materials and structures have appeared. These changes have affected different organizations to varying degrees.” Therefore, like any system of standards, the new estimated standards would be of an average nature, but at the same time they may be of little use for the conditions in which a particular company has to work.
The main tool for optimizing prices is bidding, as an organizational form of construction that allows you to create competitive conditions when placing an order. Trading is widely and actively used in international practice and has recently become increasingly widespread in the Russian Federation. The experience of tendering shows that, other things being equal, the contract price based on the results of the tender is inversely related to the number of tenderers. In most cases, the contract price for construction, which is determined as a result of competition between contractors, subcontractors, suppliers of equipment and structures, turns out to be on average 5-30% lower. Bidding allows customers to select the most advantageous offers both in terms of price and other commercial and technical conditions. It should be noted that when switching to a bidding system, construction organizations that have a higher level of management organization, use advanced technologies, and practice a more flexible pricing policy receive real incentives for development. It is quite obvious that the lower the price offered by the contractor, the greater the chances of the construction organization to win the bid. However, underpricing, in turn, can lead to losses. To avoid this situation, managers must have information about the maximum level of price reduction, the size of possible unexpected losses, etc.
When deciding to bid, the contractor must determine the contract price at which it will sell its future products. In this case, you should calculate several price options: from “relaxed” to “hard”. The contract price may be based on the estimated cost, calculated using aggregated indicators.

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ORDER of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated 12/30/99 170 ON THE APPROVAL OF METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ORGANIZING AND CARRYING OUT CURRENT REPAIRS... Relevant in 2018

5. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE COST (PRICE) OF WORK UNDER A CONTRACT AGREEMENT

5.1. The development of market relations in the system of maintenance and repair of the housing stock predetermined the need to move from traditional formal cost planning to determining the market value (price) of current repairs.

5.2. The cost of current repairs (price) is determined in the form of the estimated cost of work, calculated on the basis of specially developed estimate norms and prices that ensure reimbursement of economically justified costs and profit in the amounts necessary to make tax payments and generate enterprise funds.

5.3. It is recommended to use local proprietary estimate standards and prices (hereinafter referred to as FSN) for the maintenance and repair of housing stock, developed taking into account local natural and climatic conditions, technical and operational characteristics of the housing stock and approved in the prescribed manner.

FSN must take into account the typical features of carrying out routine repairs: work in buildings in use, the presence of cluttering objects in the work area, small-scale types of work and a significant proportion of manual labor.

5.4. FSN are intended to determine the estimated cost (price) of work, as well as to draw up estimates, estimate calculations and priced inventories of work when forming contract prices under a work contract, making payments for work and services performed between the customer and contractors.

5.5. The customer (the owner, his authorized body, management organization), based on the inventories of work using the Federal Tax Service, determines the costs of routine repairs of the housing stock of the next calendar year.

5.6. Company estimate norms and prices can be used for the purposes of in-production planning and management, which is established by the contracting organization itself.

5.7. The cost indicators of the FSN should be determined in current prices as of the beginning of the planning period (January) with periodic indexing throughout the year.

5.8. At the first stage of calculating the basic estimated cost (price) of current repairs of a specific residential building, the cost of the entire complex of works is determined by element-by-element calculation of the costs of current repairs included in the inventory of works, and their subsequent summation.

5.9. The cost of work is calculated using the Federal Tax Service for the planning period at the current price level at the time of concluding the contract.

5.10. The amount of the basic estimated cost (price) is determined by summing up the cost of repair work and the estimated profit.

5.11. After all calculations have been completed, value added tax is added to the base estimated cost (price) in the amount established by law (except for cases when a municipal order is issued).

5.12. Company estimate standards and prices are recommended and become mandatory for use by both parties only after they are included in the relevant sections of the contract. FSN cannot be used by both the customer and the contractor unilaterally, indisputably.

5.13. The construction, presentation and execution of the FSN must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of VSN 58-88 (r), SNiP 10-01-94. System of estimate normative documents in construction and SP 81-01-94. Set of rules for determining the cost of construction as part of pre-design and design and estimate documentation.

5.14. When developing and implementing the FSN, it is also recommended to use the Methodological provisions for the formation of a system for managing the cost of technical maintenance, maintenance and current repairs of the housing stock of St. Petersburg in the context of the transition to market relations, prepared by the Center for Research and Development in the Urban Economy of CJSC Ecopolis (St. Petersburg ).

01/30/2009 A new “Procedure for determining the cost of construction and repair work” was approved

In order to improve the system for determining the cost carried out on the territory of Turkmenistan, the President of Turkmenistan signed Resolution No. 000 dated January 1, 2001, according to which the “Procedure for determining the cost of construction and repair work” was approved.
This Procedure came into force on January 1, 2009.
This Resolution also notes that the Resolutions of the President of Turkmenistan dated January 1, 2001, no longer apply. No. 000 “On determining the cost of work in the construction industry” and dated 01.01.2001. No. 000 “On improving the calculation of the cost of construction and installation works of water management facilities.”

Approved by resolution President of Turkmenistan for No. 000 dated January 30, 2009

ORDER determining the cost

The procedure for determining the cost of construction and repair work (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure) establishes the conditions for pricing in the field of construction for all participants in the investment process carrying out construction, reconstruction and major (current) repairs of objects at the expense of public funds and bank loans in the national currency of Turkmenistan.

I. Determination of the cost of construction and installation works, reconstruction and major repairs to forecast the volume of government capital investments

Determination of the cost of construction and installation works, reconstruction and major repairs (hereinafter referred to as construction work) in current prices at the stage of forecasting the volume of government capital investments is carried out using indices of changes in current prices for capital construction and major repairs (Appendix) to the base level.
The base level is taken to be the cost of construction work, determined according to the estimated norms and prices introduced on January 1, 1984 (hereinafter referred to as the basic level of estimated norms and prices). For design and survey work for objects financed by state centralized capital investments, as well as funds from budgetary organizations, the base level is taken to be the cost of design work determined according to estimated standards and prices introduced on January 1, 1987.
The ratio of base prices to national currency is conventionally accepted as 1:50.

II. Determining the cost of construction work
The cost of completed construction work in current prices is determined on the basis of the basic level of estimated norms and prices using the resource index method:
- material costs - resource method;
- costs of wages and operation of construction machinery and mechanisms - by the index method.
Overhead costs and planned savings are accepted according to the maximum standards established by this Procedure to determine the cost of work at current prices.
Costs for temporary buildings and other work included in the scope of construction and installation work are also determined by the resource index method in the manner established for construction work. Costs for other work not included in the scope of construction and installation work are determined by the index method.
The cost of unforeseen work and expenses is determined according to the standards adopted in the design and estimate documentation in base prices, taking into account their recalculation to the corresponding indices.

Payroll preparation
The amount of funds for wages as part of direct costs in current prices is calculated on the basis of the estimated wages determined at base prices, using the following formula:

where I is the amount of funds for wages;
Ih - the total value of the basic salary of construction workers for the object (part of it) at the basic level of estimated norms and prices;
G is the wage index in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to this Procedure.

Calculation of costs for the operation of construction machinery and mechanisms
The cost of operating construction machinery and mechanisms at current prices (including the wages of the working personnel servicing these machines and mechanisms) is determined as the product of their estimated cost, calculated at the basic level of estimated norms and prices, by the index established by Appendix No. 1 of this Procedure.

Calculation of costs for material resources
The cost of material resources in prices valid for the current period is determined based on data on the regulatory need for materials, products, parts and structures in accepted physical units of measurement and the corresponding price for a specific type of material resource, which consists of its wholesale price, the cost of containers, packaging, markups of supply and sales organizations, transportation costs, loading and unloading operations and procurement and storage costs in accordance with the waybill and invoice.
The standard need for material resources is determined on the basis of data from design estimates and general production standards for the consumption of materials in construction.

Overheads
Overhead costs for general construction work are calculated as follows:
- for construction, installation and repair work from the amount of direct costs in accordance with Appendix No. 2 of this Procedure;
- for installation and special construction work from the amount of direct costs or the amount of funds for remuneration of workers of the main production according to the estimate in accordance with Appendix No. 3 of this Procedure.

Planned savings

The planned savings rate is set at 15% of the amount of direct costs and overhead costs.
Direct costs for calculating overhead costs and planned savings include:
- wages and costs for operating machines and mechanisms determined by the index method in accordance with this Procedure;
- material resources calculated in prices valid for the current period, taking into account transport costs and procurement and storage costs determined in accordance with this Procedure.

III. Calculation of the cost of construction work
Settlements between customers and contractors for completed construction work are carried out for the actual volumes of work completed, calculated at the basic level of estimated norms and prices in accordance with the approved design and estimate documentation and recalculated to their cost in the current period, taking into account the provisions of Section II of this Procedure and reflected in the act on form F-2.
Selling prices for materials, with the exception of those used in construction work carried out at the expense of state centralized capital investments and funds from budgetary institutions, are determined on the basis of a protocol for agreeing on a contract price between the supplier and the consumer. Transportation costs for transporting materials to the facility's warehouse are calculated at negotiated prices.
For objects financed by state centralized capital investments and funds from budgetary institutions, the following prices are accepted:

A) for local building materials and products (non-metallic building materials, cement, slate, glass, asphalt, ready-mixed concrete, ceramic bricks)		prices approved by the Ministry of Economy and Development of Turkmenistan;
b) for construction products produced in Turkmenistan, not specified in paragraph “a” (metal structures, reinforced concrete products, windows, doors, etc.)		prices approved by manufacturers and agreed upon by the Ministry of Construction of Turkmenistan (the approval procedure is determined by the Ministry of Construction of Turkmenistan independently);
V) for construction materials and products purchased on the domestic market		market prices registered by the State Committee of Turkmenistan on Statistics;
G) for construction materials and products imported from abroad		prices determined in the Contracts, registered at the State Commodity and Raw Materials Exchange of Turkmenistan (including customs and exchange expenses);
d) for transport services		prices determined in accordance with the price list approved by the Ministry of Economy and Development of Turkmenistan;
e) for construction materials and products imported into the territory of Turkmenistan as payment for exported electricity and natural gas		prices approved by the Commission on Commodity Supplies for the export of natural gas and electricity under the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.

In the absence of supporting documents, the cost of transport services, loading and unloading operations, procurement and storage costs for building materials and metal structures is taken from the current cost of material resources in the following amounts:
- transport services - 3%,
- loading and unloading operations and procurement and storage costs:
- for building materials - 2%,
- for metal structures - 0.75%.
Expenses for temporary buildings and structures and unforeseen work are accepted according to the standards established by the basic prices. These expenses are included in the act in Form F-2, taking into account the fact that the specified work was actually completed and confirmed by the customer’s service. If the costs for temporary buildings and structures and unforeseen work exceed the standards established for base prices, the actual costs must be justified with relevant documents.
The cost of major repairs that are not classified by the scope of work as mandatory state examination, in accordance with the standards established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is determined on the basis of assessment defect reports agreed upon with the design institute and replacing the project and estimate.

IV. Customer costs. Equipment
When forecasting, the cost of the equipment provided for by the project (installed and not requiring installation) is determined as the product of its cost in base prices by the index according to Appendix No. 1. In mutual settlements with suppliers, the cost is determined at the ex-place price in accordance with the submitted documents.
The actual cost of the equipment to be paid consists of the purchase price of the equipment from the supplier, transportation and procurement and storage costs, which should not exceed 3% and 1.2%, respectively, of the actual cost of the equipment.
The costs of pre-installation inspection of equipment, carried out on the basis of a defect report agreed upon by the customer and the contractor, are included in the cost of the equipment and are financed from the reserve for unforeseen work and costs remaining at the customer’s disposal.

Design and survey work, state examination and designer's supervision
The cost of design and survey work and state examination (except for design and survey work for objects financed by centralized state capital investments, as well as by institutions financed from the budget) is determined in accordance with the procedure established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.
The cost of design and survey work for objects financed by state centralized capital investments and funds of budgetary organizations is determined at base prices using the index specified in Appendix No. 1.
When developing new projects that do not have basic developments and standards, by agreement of the parties, the cost of design and survey work can be determined by labor costs with the inclusion of overhead costs in the amount established for the previous six-month, annual periods, but should not exceed 100% of the basic salary key personnel.
Planned savings when designing construction projects and facilities financed from state centralized capital investments and funds from budgetary organizations are set at 15%, for others - by mutual agreement of the parties, but not higher than 30%.
Construction supervision costs are determined based on actual labor costs, including overhead costs in the amount established for the previous six-month period.
The costs of designer's supervision for objects financed by state centralized capital investments and funds of budgetary organizations are determined as the product of the established standard from the estimated cost in base prices by the index established in Appendix No. 1 for design and survey work.

Funds for the maintenance of the customer’s directorate (hereinafter referred to as the directorate) are provided for in the consolidated estimate for the entire construction period at base prices in the established amounts based on the estimated cost.
For objects financed from budgetary funds, the costs of maintaining the directorate are determined according to the standards established for base prices, using the index specified in Appendix No. 1. If there are insufficient funds for the maintenance of the directorate, additional funds are determined in agreement with the Ministry of Economy and Development of Turkmenistan based on calculations based on the reporting data of the directorate, where other costs, except for wages and state social insurance payments, should not exceed 10% of the salary of the main employees.
During construction carried out at the expense of other sources of financing, calculations for the maintenance of the directorate are determined on the basis of a contract between the customer and the contractor.
Directorates that have procurement bases and carry out procurement and warehouse work, the costs of these works are included in the cost estimate for the maintenance of the directorate. In this case, the cost estimate is paid from the general funds allocated for financing the facilities.
In order to economically spend public funds allocated for the construction of facilities, the following requirements must be met:
the number of staff of the customer - developer should not exceed the calculated headcount indicators according to Appendix No. 4;
wages must be determined in accordance with the current regulatory legal acts of Turkmenistan.
To determine the costs of maintaining the directorate during the construction of mixed investment objects (at the expense of budget funds and the own funds of organizations, enterprises and other legal entities and individuals), calculations are carried out in a similar manner, observing the proportions of spending budget allocations and investors’ own funds.

Application
construction and repair work

INDICES
changes in current prices for capital construction and major repairs to the base level

Name of works	Index
Construction and installation work in all industries (except for water construction facilities, highways, utility networks and transport pipelines)
Equipment
Construction and installation work at water management facilities
Construction of utility networks and transport pipelines, including oil and gas pipelines
Construction of highways
Major repairs, major repairs of highways
Drilling work
Design and survey work
Other work not included in construction and installation work
Operational work
Wage
Operation of construction machinery and mechanisms (except for water management facilities)
Operation of construction machines and mechanisms (for water management facilities)

Application
to the Procedure for determining the cost
construction and repair work

Limit rates for overhead costs for construction, installation, repair and construction work

Name of contractors	As a percentage of direct costs
I. Construction and installation works
For enterprises, organizations and institutions :
Ministry of Water Resources of Turkmenistan
Ministry of Construction of Turkmenistan
Concern "Turkmenenergogurlushyk"
State concern "Turkmenavtoyollary"
Ministry of Trade and Foreign Economic Relations of Turkmenistan
Ministry of Communications of Turkmenistan
State concern “Turkmenneftegazstroy”
Association "Turkmenobahyzmat"
Other contractors, regardless of form of ownership
II. Repair work
All contractors, regardless of ownership

Application
to the Procedure for determining the cost
construction and repair work

Limit rates for overhead costs for installation and special construction work

	Name of works	Overhead percentage
From the amount of funds for wages of workers in the main production	From the amount of direct costs
	Installation of equipment
	Installation of radio television and electronic equipment
	Laying and installation of communication networks
	Laying and installation of long-distance communication lines
	Electric installation work
	Signaling, centralization, blocking and communication devices on railways
	Construction of aircraft landing aids and air traffic control systems at airfields
	Installation of metal structures
	Internal sanitary works
	Underground mining and capital works in industries
	Drilling and blasting works
	Drilling work on water

Application
to the Procedure for determining the cost
construction and repair work

The number of employees of the customer-developer, depending on the volume of capital investments for the year

The volume of capital investments for the year in base prices, excluding value added tax one thousand manats	Number of employees

Notes:
1. Intermediate numbers of numbers, if necessary, are determined by interpolation.
2. The number of staff of the customer-developer with an annual volume of capital investments exceeding 3 million manats increases by one for every 60 thousand manats of investments above the specified amount.