Cash account 50 is active. Accounting for cash flow transactions at the cash desk
Almost every organization has cash flow. To reflect such transactions in accounting, it is used account 50 "Cashier".
Account characteristics
Account 50 “Cash” contains all receipts and expenditures of cash to the enterprise’s cash desk. The main actions reflected in this account are:
- issuing wages to employees of the organization;
- issuing an accountable amount to an employee for the needs of the enterprise;
- issuance of funds for other administrative and management expenses;
- receipt of payment from the sale of products or the provision of work and services to third parties;
- payment for services provided to the organization.
All movements associated with monetary units within the enterprise’s cash register are regulated relevant regulatory framework:
- Law “On the procedure for conducting cash transactions with banknotes and coins of the Bank of Russia on the territory of the Russian Federation.” It is on the basis of this document that all cash transactions take place.
- Regulations on the use of cash register No. 745 dated 08.08.2003
- Regulations “On the maximum amount of cash settlements between legal entities.”
Main subaccounts
To count 50 apply subaccounts:
- 01 “Organization cash desk”— all actions carried out with the enterprise’s cash register;
- 02 "Operating cash desk"– opens if there is a cash desk separate from the cash register;
- 03 "Cash documents"- it contains data on documents of monetary value, for example, bills of exchange, paid travel cards, tickets, postage stamps;
- 04 "Currency office"— content of foreign currency.
Which accounts does it correspond with?
Account 50 is active, all income to it is recorded as a debit, and expenses as a credit. The main accounts corresponding to account 50 are:
| Account number | What is he responsible for? |
|---|---|
| 51 | current bank account |
| 52 | foreign currency |
| 55 | other bank accounts |
| 57 | transfers that have been sent but not yet received |
| 60 | transactions with suppliers |
| 62 | interaction with customers and buyers |
| 66 | loans and borrowings for up to a year |
| 67 | loans and advances for a period of more than a year |
| 68 | tax assessment |
| 70 | wage |
| 71 | money to account |
| 73 | other payments to employees |
| 75 | authorized capital |
| 76 | settlements with various debtors and creditors |
| 79 | on-farm operations |
| 90 | sales |
| 91 | other income and expenses |
| 94 | shortages, damage to property |
| 98 | revenue of the future periods |
| 99 | profit and loss |
Typical wiring
All actions performed with money are mandatory reflected by accounting entries. The most important of them:
| Debit | Credit | Contents of operation |
|---|---|---|
| 50 | 51 | receipt of money from the bank to the cash desk |
| 52 | receipt of money from a foreign currency account to the cash desk | |
| 55 | receipt of money from a special account to the cash desk | |
| 57 | receipt of money in transit to the cash register | |
| 60 | refund from supplier | |
| 62 | payment from buyer | |
| 62 | advance payment from the buyer | |
| 66 | payment of a short-term loan | |
| 67 | long-term loan payment | |
| 71 | the remaining accountable funds were returned | |
| 73 | receipt of funds from the employee | |
| 75 | contribution to the authorized capital | |
| 76 | various receipts from debtors and creditors | |
| 79 | receipt of funds from branches or head offices | |
| 90 | income from the sale of goods or services | |
| 91 | income from the sale of property or the discovery of surplus | |
| 98 | gratuitously received monetary units | |
| 98 | investments against deferred income | |
| 51 | 50 | receipt of money into a bank account |
| 52 | depositing money into a foreign currency account from the cash register | |
| 55 | depositing money into a special bank account | |
| 57 | sent funds from a counterparty in transit | |
| 58 | purchased shares and securities | |
| 60 | payment to the supplier | |
| 60 | prepayment to the supplier | |
| 62 | excess money returned from buyer | |
| 66 | repayment of short-term loan | |
| 67 | repayment of long-term liabilities | |
| 70 | issuance of wages | |
| 71 | issuance of accountable amounts | |
| 73 | issuance of other amounts of money to the employee | |
| 94 | lack of money |
Example: employee of Veles LLC I.I. Advance funds were issued for the purchase of office supplies in the amount of 5,000 rubles. Ivanov purchased goods worth 5,200 rubles, including 18% VAT.
The overexpenditure amounted to 200 rubles and was immediately returned to the employee. The company accountant did following entries:
- Dt 71 Kt 50 in the amount of 5,000 rubles - given to Ivanov I.I. accountable funds.
- Dt 10 Kt 71 in the amount of 4264 rubles - receipt of office supplies purchased with accountable funds, excluding VAT.
- Dt 19 Kt 71 in the amount of 936 rubles - the amount of VAT.
- Dt 91.2 Kt 19 in the amount of 936 rubles - VAT write-off.
- Dt 71 Kt 50 in the amount of 200 rubles - return of overexpenditure to Ivanov I.I.
Documentary confirmation
No actions with money are carried out without accompanying them with documents. They must be unified and contain the necessary details. No one except the cashier's accountant or his substitute has the right to issue or receive money.
The primary documents when working with money are cash receipt order And account cash warrant. All issued PKOs and RKOs must be registered in cash register journal. And all operations performed are recorded in cash book.
IN expense cash order It is necessary to indicate the name of the recipient, all his data, as well as the amount of funds received. The issuance of money must be confirmed by the signature of the recipient, which confirms that this amount was issued to him in full, as well as the date.
Receipt cash order is divided into two halves, one of which remains in the accounting department, and the second is given to the person who deposits cash in the cash register so that he can confirm the expense. The cashier's signature and the organization's seal must be indicated on the receipt issued to him.
In order to transfer cash to your own bank account, a document is created, which indicates the amount being deposited and all the corresponding signatures.
When you receive money from your current account and deposit it into the company's cash register, a cash check is issued.
All documents must be completed neatly, in legible handwriting and without correction. When an error is made, it is used new blank form. It is necessary to immediately check the presence of all signatures and the correspondence of the amounts, otherwise the accountant will have to compensate for the shortfall from his own pocket.
Turnover balance sheet
Compiled for a period, it allows you to consider all cash movements in the cash register, how much profit was made, and what expenses were incurred. Since account 50 is active, the opening balance is formed by the debit of the account. All cash receipts to the cash desk for various items are also reflected in debit. All payments from the cash register are included in the credit.
In order to find out the balance at the end of the reporting month, it is necessary to add all turnover on the debit side to the opening balance and subtract all turnover on the credit side. This way the amount of money in the cash register on the last day of the period will be known.
The ending balance is carried forward to the beginning of the next month and becomes the opening balance.
Working with money is always very responsible and entails compensation for losses incurred due to carelessness. Therefore, you need to keep count 50 very carefully, in accordance with all standards, so as not to work to the detriment of your wallet.
Typical examples of correspondence for account 50 “Cashier” can be found in this video.
Accounting account 50 is an active account “Cash”, it is used to record the movement of cash in the cash desk of the enterprise, control over their receipt, expenditure and intended use. Let's look at which accounts account 50 corresponds to, as well as typical transactions for account 50 using the example of an operation for issuing cash from the cash register to a sub-account for payment for the services of a counterparty.
Account 50 “Cash” in accounting
Cash settlements with legal entities, individuals, and counterparties are carried out through cash transactions, the main ones of which are:
- Issuance of wages;
- Administrative expenses;
- Receipts from cash sales;
- Expenses for the purchase of inventories by accountable persons, etc.
All cash transactions related to the disposal, receipt and movement of cash are taken into account in accounting under account 50 “Cash” and are reflected in the cash book. The basis for making entries are primary documents - cash outgoing and incoming cash orders (form KO-2 and KO-1).
Using account 50 “Cash” you can get all the information about cash in the organization, the sources of its receipt and further circulation. Account balance 50 shows the total amount of cash and monetary documents. The account is active, therefore the debit of the account records the receipt and receipt of cash at the cash desk. The credit of the account reflects the amount of cash issued from the cash desk.
Sub-accounts shown in the figure can be opened for account 50 “Cashier”:
Typical transactions and examples of transactions on account 50
Let's look at typical transactions for this account in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1. The most common and widespread entries in the debit of account 50:
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| Account Dt | Kt account | A document base | |
| 50 | 50-2 | Cash transferred from operating cash desk to cash desk | KO-1, KM-6, KM-4 |
| 50 | 51 | Transferring funds from the current account to the cash desk | KO-1, bank statement, check counterfoil (check book) |
| 50 | 52 | Transferring funds from a foreign currency account to the cash desk | KO-1, bank statement |
| 50 | 62 | Advance received from buyer/payment received for goods | KO-1, cash receipt. |
| 50 | 70 | Return of excess wages to the cash desk. | KO-1 |
| 50/50-3 | 71 | Return to the cash desk the balance of accountable amounts/cash | KO-1 |
| 50 | 73-1 | Payment of loans from employees | KO-1 |
| 50 | 75-1 | Contribution of the founder to the authorized capital | KO-1, constituent documents |
| 50-1 | 90.01.1 | Sales revenue/income from other operations | Cash register |
Table 2. Main entries for the credit of account 50:
| Account Dt | Kt account | Description of transaction posting | A document base |
| 04 | 50-1 | Purchase of intangible assets | KO-2 |
| 51 | 50 | Transferring cash from the cash desk to the bank | KO-2 |
| 60 | 50-1 | Payment to the supplier (contractor) for goods received (work performed) | KO-2 |
| 52 | 50-1 | Refund of advance payment to the buyer from a special bank account | KO-2 |
| 70 | 50 | Issuance of wages to employees | KO-2, T-53 |
| 70 | 50 | Payment of income from participation in the organization to employees | KO-2 |
| 71 | 50/50-3 | Issuance of accountable amounts/cash documents | KO-2 |
| 73-1 | 50 | Obtaining a loan by an employee | KO-2 |
| 75-2 | 50 | Payment of income from participation in the organization to persons who are not employees | KO-2 |
| 76 | 50-1 | Payment of obligations in the form of debt to other counterparties | KO-2 |
| 94 | 50 | Reflection of cash shortages | INV-15, INV-26 |
Practical example with wiring
VolgaDon LLC and Garant LLC concluded an agreement for the provision of legal services in the amount of RUB 8,800.00. To pay for consulting legal services under the contract, employee of VolgaDon LLC Yuzik K.M. received funds for reporting in the amount of RUB 9,000.00. To perform settlements with Garant LLC, Yuzik K.M. provided the accountant with an advance report and returned the balance to the cashier.
The accountant of VolgaDon LLC generated the following entries for the issuance of cash from the cash register to the sub-account for payment of legal services to a third-party organization:
| Account Dt | Kt account | Transaction amount, rub. | Description of transaction posting | A document base |
| 26 | 60 | 7 458,00 | Services of Garant LLC are reflected in costs (8,800.00-1,342.00) | Certificate of completed work (hereinafter referred to as the Certificate) |
| 19 | 60 | 1 342,00 | VAT is allocated from the cost of services | Act |
| 68 VAT | 19 | 1 342,00 | VAT is accepted for deduction | Act, invoice |
| 71 | 50-1 | 9 000,00 | From the cash desk of VolgaDon LLC, funds were issued under the report of Yuzik K.M. | KO-2, statement of the reporting person |
| 60 | 71 | 8 800,00 | Payment for services on behalf of VolgaDon LLC is reflected | Act, advance report |
| 50-1 | 71 | 200,00 | Balance of unused funds Yuzik K.M. returned to the organization's cash desk | Act, advance report, KO-1 |
In this material, which continues the series of publications devoted to the new chart of accounts, an analysis of account 50 “Cash” of the new chart of accounts is carried out. This commentary was prepared by Y.V. Sokolov, Doctor of Economics, Deputy. Chairman of the Interdepartmental Commission on Reforming Accounting and Reporting, member of the Methodological Council on Accounting under the Ministry of Finance of Russia, first President of the Institute of Professional Accountants of Russia, V.V. Patrov, professor of St. Petersburg State University and N.N. Karzaeva, Ph.D., deputy. Director of the audit service of Balt-Audit-Expert LLC.
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From this description we see that account 50 “Cashier” takes into account three types of values:
- domestic currency;
- foreign currency;
- monetary documents.
Regarding the domestic currency, everything is quite simple: the ruble is the ruble, and no inflationary or deflationary processes can affect money. Their purchasing power may change, but this cannot affect accounting in any way. Accounting knows neither inflation nor deflation - domestic money is always accounted for at par.
Most often, three questions arise regarding cash accounting in practice: can an enterprise have several cash registers, how many cash books should there be in this case, and how is the cash limit set?
An enterprise may have several cash registers open. This follows from the procedure for determining the cash limit at the cash desk of the enterprise. According to clause 2.5 of the regulations on the rules for organizing cash circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on January 05, 1998 No. 14-P, if the structural divisions of the enterprise do not have an independent balance sheet and accounts in banking institutions, then for these structural divisions and for the enterprise it is established single cash balance limit taking into account these structural divisions. Consequently, it is assumed that structural divisions have independent cash desks. And each organized cash register must maintain a cash book (clause 3 of the letter of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated October 4, 1993 No. 18).
For representative offices, branches and other separate divisions of an enterprise located outside its location, which form a separate balance sheet and have accounts in banking institutions, the cash balance limit in the cash register is established by the servicing bank on the basis of a calculation in form No. 0408020 "Calculation for establishing a cash balance limit for an enterprise and obtaining permission to spend cash from the proceeds received by its cash desk.”
We encounter completely different circumstances when accounting for foreign currency. Theoretically, two possibilities may arise:
- or account for it as money;
- or as a product.
In the first case, exchange rate fluctuations lead to changes in the ruble valuation of foreign currency and the need for its constant revaluation. In the second case, such currency is accepted at the current rate, and its value does not change until this currency is paid out. In our country, the first option has been adopted.
Very great difficulties arise when recording monetary documents. Difficulties arise in determining what is considered a monetary document. In the chart of accounts, they are determined by the principle of transfer, and this makes it possible to clearly distinguish some of their varieties in accounting:
- postage stamps;
- state duty stamps;
- bill stamps;
- air tickets paid.
Further, the planners indicate “and others,” i.e. The chief accountant in each individual case must decide: to include or not to include this document in the cash flow and, accordingly, in which account to reflect its cash equivalent.
According to the classification of accounts, all subaccounts of account 50 "Cash" should be classified as cash accounts, but the so-called monetary documents are surrogates for cash, and they cannot always be used, unlike cash, to cover accounts payable . In essence, it is no coincidence that monetary documents are allocated to a separate subaccount 50.3 “Cash Documents”.
For our part, we will try to show some approaches to defining monetary documents.
A monetary document is a certificate of purpose for which money is paid. The phrase “purpose certificate” means that this document can be used in strict accordance with its purpose.
Theoretically, the question arises of what valuation to record monetary documents in accounting.
Until 2001, the procedure was prescribed according to which monetary documents had to be taken into account in the nominal valuation. In all cases, and there were a majority of them, when the actual cost (usually the price paid) coincided with the estimate at face value, no problems arose, but when there was no such coincidence, the problem arose of recording the difference between the price paid and the face value. Fortunately, the new chart of accounts does not have this problem.
However, having solved this problem, the drafters of the chart of accounts created another problem: the balance of account 50.3 “Cash Documents” is difficult to verify. This is due to the fact that when conducting an inventory, the total cost of monetary documents can be identified only at face value, while in synthetic accounting in account 50.3 “Cash Documents” their value will be shown at actual cost. Consequently, one of the fundamental requirements for accounting will be violated - the requirement of consistency. In fact, clause 7 of PBU 1/98 “Accounting Policy” instructs enterprise administrations to ensure
Naturally, if we say a voucher, the nominal value of which is 3,000 rubles. purchased by the administration for the employees of the enterprise for 2,800 rubles, then the debit of account 50.3 “monetary documents” will reflect 2,800 rubles, but in the cash register, instead of 2,800 rubles. There will be a monetary document of 3,000 rubles.
This creates additional difficulties for the accountant, because he must provide two estimates for each such document in his analytical accounting - nominal (it is almost always indicated on the document itself) and actual, regarding which, in all cases of discrepancy in estimates, a reference entry must be made. And only in this case can one adhere to the given requirements of PBU 1/98 and ensure a correlation between synthetic and analytical accounting.
It should be noted that in the old chart of accounts, account 56 “Cash documents” also took into account the repurchased shares of the enterprise; now they are accounted for in account 81 “Own shares (shares)”.
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Cash withdrawn from accounts bank, credited to the cash register | ||
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The supplier returned to the cashier unnecessarily Amounts of money paid to him; the supplier returned the advance payment to the cashier under upcoming delivery of materials values (works, services) | ||
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Cash has arrived at the cash register in repayment of receivables debt for sold supplier of products (works, services), fixed assets and other assets; the buyer deposited it into the cash register advance payment for upcoming delivery products (works, services) | ||
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Cash arrived at the cash register funds received as credit, loan | ||
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Returned to the cashier unspent imprest amounts | ||
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from employees of the organization (return loan, reimbursement of material damage, etc.) | ||
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Cash deposited into the cash register cash as deposit in the authorized capital | ||
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Cash arrived at the cash register from other debtors | ||
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Cash received funds for products sold (goods, works, services) etc. property of the organization | ||
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Cash deposited from the cash register to the current account, foreign currency account | ||
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Cash issued from the cash register to pay off debts to suppliers and other creditors | ||
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Overpaid items returned buyer (customer) cash cash | ||
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Credit returned from the cash desk | ||
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Salaries issued from the cash register Employees of the organization | ||
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Cash provided to employees organizations to report | ||
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Loans issued to employees of the organization | ||
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Dividends issued to founders | ||
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Paid to employees from the cash register deposited wages | ||
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A shortage of funds has been identified |
Earned funds of a legal entity are subject to crediting to a bank account.
If the organization uses bank collection services, then the senior cashier is obliged to correctly form the collection bag before the collector appears. At the same time, they are issued cover letter V 3 copies:
- cover letter(remains in the bank);
- invoice for the bag(returned by the bank to the organization with a stamp indicating that money has been credited to the account and attached to the bank statement);
- receipt for the bag(remains with the senior cashier of the organization as confirmation of the money deposited in the bank and is attached to the cash report).
Transferring money to the collector possible only if he has an identity card, badge, appearance card, etc. The bag with money is handed over to the collector in a sealed form in exchange for an empty bag. The collector signs for its receipt in a special journal indicating the time.
Available discrepancies in the amount of money deposited are reflected in back side cover letter in act.
If the organization doesn't use it bank collection services, then the senior cashier independently hands over the money to the bank,
having pre-registered V 3 copies:
- advertisement for cash payment(remains in the bank);
- receipt(remains with the senior cashier of the organization as confirmation of the money deposited in the bank and is attached to the cash report);
- order ( is returned by the bank to the organization with a stamp indicating that money has been credited to the account and attached to the bank statement).
An inventory of funds and documents in the organization’s main cash desk is carried out monthly ; at operating cash desks - at the end of the work shift of the financially responsible person.
Before it is carried out, a commission is appointed on the basis of a written orders the head of the organization with the participation of a representative of the administration, an accountant, and a senior cashier.
Before starting the inventory, the cashier is required to present the commission latest cash report in order to identify the amount of cash balance in the cash register on the date of the inventory (this will be accounting data).
During the inventory, the reception and issuance of money by the senior cashier stops.
Cash is recounted in the presence of members of the inventory commission, which is entered into Act of inventory of cash in the cash register(actual data) according to the standard form INV-15.
For all cases of shortages and surpluses, the cashier provides a written explanation.
Any shortage of money will be collected immediately. Excess money is received and included in other income of the organization. The inventory report is attached to the cash report of the senior cashier:
D 73.2 K 50.1 – for the amount of the cashier’s debt for the shortage
D 50.1 K 91/1 - for the amount of excess money
Person organizations obliged keep free balances of your own financial resources in bank accounts. In addition, when carrying out settlement transactions with other legal entities based previously concluded contracts (supply, loan, leasing, bank account and cash management services),
carry out operations to credit the current account and transfer funds from the account.
To current bank account credited trade revenue of the organization; buyer payments; the amount of loans received; amounts received from various debtors for transactions.
Transfer financial resources by the bank from the organization’s account:
to pay off debts to employees for wages;
to pay off tax debts to the budget;
to pay off debts to the Social Insurance Funds;
to repay debts to various creditors (rent, payments for utilities, communication services, fees for security and fire safety, communications, etc.);
to repay debts for banking services provided;
to repay debts to suppliers and contractors for goods and services.
To conduct banking operations, organizations are guided by the Regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated June 19, 2012 N 383-P
“On the rules for transferring funds” (as amended on May 19, 2015 No. 3641-U).
It establishes the rules for the transfer of funds by the Bank of Russia and credit institutions (banks) on the territory of the Russian Federation in the currency of the Russian Federation.
Transfer of funds is carried out within the framework of the following forms of non-cash payments:
Settlements by payment orders;
Settlements under a letter of credit;
Settlements by collection orders;
Payments by checks;
Settlements in the form of transfer of funds at the request of the recipient of funds (direct debit);
Settlements in the form of electronic money transfer.
Forms of non-cash payments are chosen by payers and recipients of funds on one's own and may be provided for in contracts.
Payers and recipients of funds are legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, individuals engaged in private practice in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, individuals (clients), banks.
Banks transfer funds to bank accounts by:
debiting funds from the bank accounts of payers and crediting funds to the bank accounts of recipients;
debiting funds from bank accounts of payers and issuing cash to recipients - individuals;
debiting funds from bank accounts of payers and increasing the balance of electronic funds of recipients.
Document forms (payment order, collection order, payment request, payment order) are given in the above Regulations.
In accordance with Federal Law No. 345-FZ of December 2, 2013, changes to Article 855 of Part Two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation come into force on December 14, 2013, according to which the order of payment is set as follows:
1 – payment under executive documents providing for the transfer or issuance of funds from the account to satisfy claims for compensation for harm caused to life and health, as well as claims for the collection of alimony;
2 - according to executive documents providing for the transfer or issuance of funds for settlements for the payment of severance pay and wages with persons working or who worked under an employment agreement (contract), for the payment of remuneration to the authors of the results of intellectual activity;
3 - according to payment documents providing for the transfer or issuance of funds for settlements of wages with persons working under an employment agreement (contract), instructions from tax authorities to write off and transfer debts for the payment of taxes and fees to the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation, as well as instructions bodies monitoring the payment of insurance premiums for writing off and transferring the amounts of insurance contributions to the budgets of state extra-budgetary funds;
4 - according to executive documents providing for the satisfaction of other monetary claims;
5 - for other payment documents in calendar order.
Payment order "6" is cancelled, accordinglyThe filling of the “Payment order” field in payment orders is changed.
In addition, the Federal Law “On the National Payment System” No. 161 of June 27, 2011 (as amended on December 29, 2014 No. 455-FZ) establishes the legal and organizational foundations of the national payment system, regulates the procedure for the provision of payment services, including including the transfer of funds, the use of electronic means of payment, the activities of subjects of the national payment system, and also determines the requirements for the organization and functioning of payment systems, the procedure for supervision and monitoring in the national payment system.
Every day or at other times as agreed with the bank, the organization receives bank account statement about the status of funds:
Opening balance (money balance) at the beginning of the day;
Credit turnover (credited by the bank);
Debit turnover (withdrawn by the bank);
Opening balance (money balance) at the end of the day.
Receiving bank statements, the chief accountant of the organization finds a supporting document for each amount indicated in them, checks them on their merits, and at the end of the reporting month makes accounting entries for business transactions.
Account 51 “Current account” is active, by debit shows the crediting of funds by the bank, on loan- their withdrawal (transfer to the accounts of other organizations); balance debit and gives the amount of the balance on a certain date.
Synthetic account 50 in accounting is used to obtain cash flow data. It is mainly used by trading companies when interacting with buyers and customers; other enterprises need it to carry out internal and external payments for various purposes. Let's figure out what operations accounting account 50 is involved in - you will find the entries below.
Characteristics of account 50 “Cash desk”
Consolidated account 50 in accounting is used to obtain reliable information about cash payments of a company or individual entrepreneur with individuals and legal entities. At the same time, the participants in the relationship include both third-party contractors and employees of the organization. Among typical cash transactions on accounts. 50 are listed:
- Receipts from the sale of goods and materials, works or services for cash.
- Issuance of wages, accountable and other types of payments to employees within the framework of labor relations.
- Payments for services performed with third parties.
- Various administrative and economic calculations, etc.
Typical postings to account 50 “Cash” are carried out in terms of cash receipts, disposals, circulation and internal movement. It is mandatory to prepare unified cash documentation - PKO, RKO, cash book, etc. The main registers of synthetic accounting for account 50 are given below.
Account 50 “Cashier” – subaccounts:
- 50.1 – for accounting for cash at the enterprise’s cash desk.
- 50.2 – for accounting for cash in operating cash desks.
- 50.3 – monetary documents are accounted for in account 50 “Cashier” for actual expenses for the purchase of postage stamps, prepaid air tickets, state duty stamps, bill stamps, etc. A separate sub-account is opened for each type of document.
- 50.4 – for accounting for cash in the foreign exchange office when carrying out foreign economic activity and sending personnel on business trips abroad. Additionally, sub-accounts can be opened for each type of foreign currency.
Count 50 – active or passive?
If you analyze account 50, it becomes clear that the increase in turnover occurs on the debit side of the account, and the decrease occurs on the credit side. Therefore, this account is active. Account 50 correspondence is carried out when funds are received in the debit of the account. 50 and credit accounts – , , , 76, , 52, , , , , 79, , 90, 99, etc.
Disposal is recorded according to the credit account. 50 and the debit of the corresponding accounts - 70, , , 71, 76, 75, 73, 68, , , 52, , 57, 55, 80, 79, 99, etc.
Registers by account 50
Cash registers are not only unified forms of incoming and outgoing orders, a cash book and a cashier's report, but also accounting documents that allow you to obtain the most complete information about cash flow. First of all, these include:
- The balance sheet for account 50 is the most common example of a synthetic accounting register for account 50, containing data on the incoming/outgoing balance and turnover for a given period.
- Journal order for account 50 - this analytical accounting register for account 50 is compiled according to the cashier’s reports. In this case, the journal order for the credit of account 50 shows all actual payments from the cash desk, broken down by corresponding accounts.
- Statement for account 50 - statement No. 1 is filled out to journal-order No. 1 to detail the cash receipts made on the debit of the account. 50 indicating the number of the cash report, departments and correspondence of accounts.
- Analysis of account 50 - used as a consolidated register of turnover for a period (month, decade, quarter, etc.) indicating the total turnover and opening/exiting balance. Detailing can be done by subaccounts and subaccounts.
Analysis of count 50 – sample:
Account 50 in accounting – postings:
- D 50 K 90 – reflects the receipt of money from retail sales.
- D 50 K 51 (52, 55) – cash was withdrawn from a cash account (currency, special).
- D 50 K 60 – the advance payment previously issued to the supplier was returned in cash.
- D 50 K 62 – the buyer paid in cash.
- D 50 K 66 (67) – the receipt of a cash loan is reflected.
- D 50 K 71 - the accountable person returned the debt to the cashier.
- D 50 K 73 – the culprit compensates for the damage caused.
- D 50 K 75 – contribution made by the founder in cash.
- D 51, 52 K 50 – money from the cash register was deposited into a cash account (currency).
- D 70 K 50 – salaries were issued to the staff from the cash register.
- D 71 K 50 – cash was issued to the employee for reporting.
- D 66 (67) K 50 – loan or interest repaid in cash.
- D 94 K 50 - reflects the shortage of cash identified during the inventory.
Conclusion - we have examined the main entries for account 50, the typical application of which is regulated by Order No. 94n dated October 31, 2000.