Abstract: Foreign Asia. Presentation on the topic "Foreign Asia" The main thing about foreign Asia

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Lesson Plan

Topic of the program No. 6: “Regions and countries of the world”, 12 hours

Lesson topic:“Foreign Asia”, 2 hours

Purpose of the lesson: To introduce students to the features of economic and social development

Overseas Asia; identify and show the features and problems of this region.

Lesson objectives:

Continue to develop the ability to work with the atlas, contour maps, statistical data and additional sources of information.

Give an idea of the economic and geographical position of the region, its population and economic development.

Analyze changes in the geographical location of the region over time.

Lesson type: a lesson in learning new material with practical elements.

Lesson equipment: textbooks, contour maps, atlas, handouts, projector,

screen, computer.

Teaching methods: verbal, visual, practical

Lesson progress

Organizational moment

Checking students and their mood for the lesson

Repetition of the previously covered topic “Foreign Europe”

Frontal survey:

What subregions are distinguished in Foreign Europe and how do they differ from each other?

What type of reproduction does Overseas Europe have and why?

How is industry and agriculture developed in the region?

Individual survey:

Computer testing.

Learning a new topic

Territory and border of Overseas Asia

The territory of Foreign Asia stretches from north to south for almost 7 thousand km, and from west to east for more than 10 thousand km. Area 32 million km, 48 states with a population of 3.7 million people.

Asian countries are very different, differing in size of territory and natural resources, level of development, political structure, etc.

Most Asian countries are large, China and India are giants, but there are also microstates - Singapore, Bahrain, Qatar.

Economic and geographical position of Foreign Asia

Exercise : using the atlas map and handouts, determine the features of the Unified State University.

Features of the EGP region:

Neighborhood status of countries (unites the region);

The coastal position of most countries (provides access to the seas of three oceans);

The deep position of some countries (makes connections with other countries difficult).

Heterogeneity of Asian countries

The heterogeneity of countries and the colonial past aggravate territorial, political and interethnic problems in the region.

Territorial disputes:

India – Pakistan

Iran – Iraq

India – China

Greece – Türkiye

Japan – Russia

DPRK - Republic of Korea

Israel – Palestinian Authority

Subregions of Foreign Asia

Exercise : Using the atlas maps and handouts, determine into which subregions Foreign Asia is divided?

East and Central Asia

Southeast Asia

South Asia

Southwest Asia

Central Asia

5 states:

Mongolia

South Korea

11 states:

Cambodia
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
Philippines
East Timor

7 states:

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Sri Lanka

Maldives

20 states:

Azerbaijan*
Jordan
Palestine
Saudi Arabia
Afghanistan

5 states:

Kazakhstan*

Uzbekistan*

Turkmenistan*

Tajikistan*

Kyrgyzstan*

(* - states within the CIS)

Natural resources of the region

The Asian region has natural resources and is distinguished by their diversity. Asia is a region with the richest mineral resources. But if earlier the main wealth of Asia was considered to be gold, precious and semi-precious stones, now oil, gas, coal and various ores have been added to this list.

The main wealth of the region, which defines it in the international geographical division of labor, is oil. One of the world's largest oil and gas provinces is located in the Persian Gulf region (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Qatar). Large oil and gas reserves are available in Indonesia and Myanmar.

Foreign Asia is poor in land resources - most of the region is occupied by mountains, sandy and stone deserts.

An excess of water and forest resources in Southeast Asia is combined with a deficit in Southwest and Central Asia.

Foreign Asia has large and promising recreational resources (Asia has cultural heritage monuments).

Population of Overseas Asia

More than 60% of the world's population lives in Foreign Asia. The population of this region is distinguished by its large size, high growth rates (see the map of the atlas “Natural population growth”), complex composition and uneven distribution.

The region's population significantly exceeds 3 billion. Human.

Overseas Asia is home to six of the world's ten largest countries by population: India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Japan and Bangladesh.

The composition of the population of Foreign Asia is very diverse. The ethnic picture is especially variegated. More than a thousand peoples live in Asia; the population speaks more than five hundred languages.

Asia is a region of multinational countries. This region is the birthplace of three world religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism.

The complexity of the ethnic and religious composition of a number of Asian countries leads to the emergence of many interethnic and religious conflicts.

The distribution of the population is closely related to natural conditions. Their diversity and contrast explains the extreme unevenness of population distribution. The vast majority of the population lives on the coasts of seas and oceans and along the banks of large rivers.

Foreign Asia is the most “masculine” region in the world.

Exercise : why Asia is called the most “masculine” (centuries-old traditions and the associated unequal position of men and women have determined the numerical superiority of men.

Economy of Foreign Asia

The nature and level of economic development of the countries of Foreign Asia is also distinguished by significant contrast.

In Asia there is one of the most highly developed countries in the world - Japan and the poorest and most backward countries - Afghanistan, Nepal, Buten.

Exercise : textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky answer the question, what is the role of the Asian economy on the world stage?

Foreign Asia in the system of international economic relations (IER)

The countries of Foreign Asia have quite strong positions in the system of international economic relations. The region’s role is especially great in the traditional supply of mineral raw materials and agricultural products to world markets. In the second half of the 20th century. The role of Asian countries as exporters of finished industrial products has grown.

Pinning a new topic

Through students completing a task: filling out a table (work in groups)

Homework

Textbook V.P. Maksakovsky “Geography”, pp. 223-270

Answer the questions in your notebook

How the political map of the world has changed over time.

What are the differences between the subregions of Western Europe?

What are the features of GPs in foreign Asia?

How many states are there in modern foreign Asia?

What subregions is Asia divided into?

What is the heterogeneity of foreign Asian countries?

What is the demographic situation in overseas Asia?

How is the population distributed across the territory of foreign Asia?

What are the levels and rates of urbanization in Asia?

What are the features of the ethnic composition of the population?

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Population

Religious composition

Main industries

Natural resources

FOREIGN ASIA GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

PLAN - LESSON OUTLINE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN ASIA GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION TERRITORIAL COMPOSITION SUBREGIONS OF ASIA HETEROGENEITY OF COUNTRIES POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION LOCATION ETHNIC COMPOSITION Lesson questions: 1. What are the features of the GP of foreign Asia? 2. How many states are there in modern foreign Asia? 3. What subregions is Asia divided into? 4. How is the heterogeneity of the countries of foreign Asia manifested? 5. What is the demographic situation in overseas Asia? 6. How is the population distributed across the territory of foreign Asia? 7. What are the levels and rates of urbanization in Asia? 8. What are the features of the ethnic composition of the population? NATURAL RESOURCES

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF FOREIGN ASIA The territory of foreign Asia stretches from north to south for almost 7 thousand km, and from west to east for more than 10 thousand km. Most Asian countries are large, China and India are giants, but there are also microstates - Singapore, Bahrain, Qatar. Three features can be distinguished in the EGP of the region: 1. The neighboring position of the countries (unites the region) 2. The coastal position of most countries (provides access to the seas of 3 oceans) 3. The inland position of some countries (complicates connections with other countries) Exercise. Justify these features and provide specific examples.

General characteristics of Foreign Asia. 48 states SUBREGIONS Eastern and Central Asia Southeast Asia South Asia 5 states 11 states Area 32 million km 2 Population 3.7 billion people. 1. China 2. Mongolia 3. DPRK 4. South. Korea 5. Japan South-West Asia Central Asia 7 states 20 states 5 states 1. Myanmar 2. Laos 3. Vietnam 4. Thailand 5. Cambodia 6. Malaysia 7. Brunei 8. Singapore 9. Indonesia 10. East Timor 11. Philippines 1. Pakistan 2. India 3. Nepal 4. Bhutan 5. Bangladesh 6. Sri Lanka 7. Maldives 1. Georgia* 12. Iraq 2. Armenia* 13. Kuwait 3. Azerbaijan* 14. Bahrain 4. Syria 15. Qatar 5. Turkey 16. UAE 6. Cyprus 17. Oman 7. Lebanon 18. Afghanistan 8. Jordan 19. Iran 9. Palestine 20. Yemen 10. Israel 11. Saudi Arabia 1. Kazakhstan* 2. Uzbekistan* 3. Turkmenistan* 4. Tajikistan* 5. Kyrgyzstan* (* - states within the CIS)

REGIONS OF ASIAN Share of Asian regions in area and population 32 million km 2 = 20% of land 3.7 billion people. = 60%

H OMOGENEITY OF ASIAN COUNTRIES Asian countries are very different. They differ in the size of the territory and natural resources, level of development, political system, etc. These are huge China and India, and the tiny Republic of Maldives. This is Kuwait, in whose depths billions of tons of oil are hidden and where the annual national income per capita is more than $25,000, and the poorest countries with incomes of less than $200 (Afghanistan, Bhutan). These are semi-feudal monarchies (Nepal), bourgeois and socialist republics, etc. The differences became especially sharp after World War II. Japan made an unprecedented leap in the development of productive forces, surpassing dozens of countries. Malaysia, Singapore, and South Korea have achieved notable success.

Heterogeneity of Asian countries EDC* NIC* Oil-producing countries Developing super countries Least developed * EDC - economically developed countries * NIC - newly industrialized countries * IC - developing countries Other IC* Israel Japan South Korea Singapore NAME IT! China India REMEMBER! The heterogeneity of countries and the colonial past aggravate territorial, political and interethnic problems in the region. Territorial disputes: India - Pakistan Iran - Iraq India - China Japan - Russia Greece - Turkey Korea is divided by a demarcation line into the DPRK and the Republic of Korea. Relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority are still far from being fully resolved. In 1948, the Communist Party came to power in North Korea. Five years of struggle led to the fact that in 1953 the Korean Peninsula was divided into two countries.

POPULATION OF ASIAN Reproduction of the population of Asia is characterized by high natural growth (see the map of the atlas “Natural population growth”), in most countries it is more than 20 people/year per 1000 inhabitants. In the countries of East and Central Asia, demographic policy has already led to a significant decrease in the birth rate and natural population growth. Natural population growth - more than 30 - 25 - 30 - 20 - 25 - 15 - 20 - 10 - 15 - 5 - 10 China Beijing Iran Kazakhstan Delhi Japan Conclusion: The reproduction of the population of foreign Asia is characterized by: fast rates; average life expectancy - 64 years PVS* * - age and gender structure Next slide

SEX AND AGE STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION OF ASIA The high proportion of EAN* caused labor migration in the region. The countries of South-West Asia have become the center of attraction for labor migrants. For example, in the UAE and Kuwait, 80 - 90% of all employees are migrants. The main areas of activity of migrants: - oil industry; - transport; - service sector; - construction. * - economically active population of the South and South-East. A. LABOR MIGRATION SW. A. ZAP. EUROPE NORTH. AMERICA

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION The distribution of the population is highly uneven, population density varies from country to country: in Bangladesh it is 950 people/km2, while in Mongolia it is 1.5 people/km2. Mongolia Bangladesh max min Coastal plains, valleys and river deltas Deserts, semi-deserts, highlands, trails. forests Analyze the map. Which subregion of Asia has the highest population density and which has the lowest? NUMBER 1. China - 1.3 billion people. 2. India - 1 billion people. 3. Indonesia - 200 million 4. Bangladesh - 150 million 5. Pakistan - 140 million 6. Japan - 125 million

PLACEMENT OF POPULATION The main impact on the distribution of the population is the process of urbanization, the share of the urban population is growing rapidly in the region, there is an “urban boom”, China and India occupy respectively 1 and 2 places in the world in terms of the number of urban residents, however, as shown Diagram A large proportion of the population lives in rural areas. Village City Rural settlement is characterized by a village form. Among the Mongols, Afghans and other peoples who maintain a nomadic lifestyle, the main type of dwelling is a yurt or tent. Philippine village URBANIZATION LEVELS Japan - 80% China - 35% India - 30% 1st and 2nd place in the number of citizens AGGLOMERATION Tokyo - 18.5 million people. Shanghai - 13.4 million people. Kolkata - 12 million people. Bombay - 11 million people. Tokyo High rates of urban population growth lead to the emergence of slum areas, i.e. the process of false urbanization is expressed.

ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF ASIA The ethnic composition of foreign Asia is highly mosaic! 1000 peoples 600 languages MOST COUNTRIES ARE MULTINATIONAL (INDIA AND INDONESIA - MORE THAN 150 PEOPLES, PHILIPPINES - 100, CHINA - MORE THAN 50, VIETNAM, MYANMAR, THAILAND - MORE THAN 30 PEOPLES. ASIA IS THE HOMELAND OF ALL RELIGIONS WORLD Buddhism Hinduism Islam The complexity of the ethnic and religious composition of the series countries leads to the emergence of interethnic and religious conflicts, many of which occur under the slogans of separatism - a policy with the main goal of creating their own national state formation (For example, the Kurds are a people of about 20 million people. Historically, that they ended up as part of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria. For a long time, the leaders of the Kurdish national movement have been seeking the creation of an independent state of Kurdistan, including by armed means.

NATURAL RESOURCES OF FOREIGN ASIA

NATURAL RESOURCES OF FOREIGN ASIA The Asian region has great natural resources and is distinguished by their diversity. Within the Chinese and Indian platforms, basins of coal, iron and manganese ores are concentrated. Within the Alpine-Himolayan and Pacific fold belts, ores of non-ferrous and rare metals predominate. The main wealth of the region, which determines its role in the international geographical division of labor, is oil. One of the world's largest oil and gas provinces is located in the Persian Gulf region (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Qatar. Large reserves of oil and gas are available in Indonesia, Myanmar. Promising deposits have been discovered in the shelf In the zone of the seas washing the Hindustan Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago, the world's largest reserves of iron and manganese ores lie in the depths of India, chromite - Turkey and the Philippines. The world's largest tin-tungsten belt stretches from Myanmar to Indonesia.

Topic 7. FOREIGN ASIA. AUSTRALIA

BLOCK OF ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Task 1. Using the “calling card” of foreign Asian countries on the flyleaf of the textbook, specify the characteristics of their political system. Based on knowledge from history courses, explain why no other part of the world has preserved as many absolute monarchies as in overseas Asia. Draw republics and monarchies on an outline map. Label the federal states on it. Please also use Table 2 of the Appendix.

Additional Using Table 1 in the “Appendices”, plot on the contour map

adjective countries of foreign Asia that gained political independence after

tribute(us- World War II. Enter the dates of independence and false). compare the countries of the four subregions.

Task 2. Using atlas maps, determine what types of mineral resources the countries of foreign Asia possess. Distribute them among the main countries and draw conclusions about the “completeness” and “incompleteness” of the composition of their mineral resources. Give examples of territorial combinations of these resources. Please also use Tables 3, 4 and 5 in the Appendices.

Task 3. Based on the text of the textbook, the physical map of foreign Asia, as well as maps of land, water and agroclimatic resources of the world in the atlas and table 6 in the “Appendices”, characterize the natural conditions for the development of agriculture in foreign Asia. Apply a standard plan for characterizing natural conditions for the development of agriculture in a country (region) on p. 272. Also use the knowledge gained from studying the geography of continents and oceans in 7th grade.

Task 4. Using the map of the peoples of the world in the atlas, determine which main language families the populations of East, Southeast, South and South-West Asia belong to. Name the largest nations representing individual families.

Task 5. Complete the characteristics of the population of foreign Asia with figures and facts contained in Figures 17, 18 and in Tables 2 and 3 of the textbook, as well as in the atlas maps and in Tables 11-17 of the “Appendices”.

Task 6. Using the economic map of South-West Asia in the atlas and figure 61 in the textbook, characterize the location of the oil industry in this subregion. Name the main oil fields, oil refining centers, oil pipelines, seaports through which oil is exported.

Task 7. Using the map of China in the atlas, determine with which states this country has land borders. Compare it by the number of neighboring countries with Russia.

Task 8. Using the text of the textbook, the “business card” on its flyleaf, the textbook’s drawings, the table in the “Appendices” and the atlas maps, characterize the population of China. State the main facts and draw conclusions. Apply a standard plan for characterizing the population of a country (region) on p. 272.

Additional Using the following toponymic dictionary, “decipher” the names

adjective some provinces of China, indicated in Figure 65: “bei” - north, giving (for"nan" - south, "dong" - east, "si" - west, "shan" - mountain, "yuan" and "ning"

pleasure).- plain, “he” and “jiang” - river, “hu” - lake, “yun” - cloud.

For example: “Hebei” - “north of the river” (Huang He).

Task 9. Using the figures and tables in Part I of the textbook, as well as Table 23 in the Appendices, create a table-diagram for China similar to Figure 59 for Japan.

Task 10. Using atlas maps, give examples of the largest industrial centers representing the main branches of heavy industry in China.

Additional Plot these centers on the contour map. Think about the reasons for them

telny task (complicated). occurrence.

Task 11. Using the agroclimatic map of the world and the economic map of Central and East Asia in the atlas, determine:

1) within which agroclimatic zones is the territory of China located; 2) what agricultural crops are typical for it; 3) where are the main areas of their cultivation. Try to name the main reasons for their specialization.

Additional Draw on a contour map the main areas of rice and wheat cultivation

telialforgiving (complicated). and tea in China. Explain their placement.

Task 12. Using the text of the textbook, Figure 65 and atlas maps, give a comparative description of the three economic zones of China.

Additional Imagine that you are a tour guide and you are tasked with conducting

adjective excursion around the center of Beijing. Using the text of the textbook, the plan of Beijing in giving (for atlas and additional sources of information, prepare

pleasure). material for such an excursion and “carry out” it with your friends.

Task 13. Using the text of the textbook, the political map of the world and the economic map of Japan in the atlas, characterize the EGP of Japan. Apply the standard plan for characterizing the EGP of the country (region) on p. 222.

Additional Using the text and pictures of the textbook, as well as atlas maps, give

telialfor- comparative characteristics of the EGP of Japan and Great Britain; define tribute(mustachefalse). similarities and differences.

Exercise14 . Using the textbook text and Figure 69, characterize the structure of Japan's exports and imports. Using the figures from Topic 5, characterize the main import flows of fuel and raw materials into Japan.

Task 15. Using the text of the textbook and figures 70 and 72, give a general description of the Pacific belt of Japan. Using the economic map of Japan in the atlas, specify the following provisions of the textbook: 1) “The majority of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants, metallurgical, oil refining and chemical plants, and machine-building plants are located here”; 2) “Within its borders there are many main areas of intensive agriculture, and the main transport routes, and the most important ports.”

Exercise16 . A typical tourist route in Japan includes Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto,

(creative Hiroshima. But it does not give a complete picture of this country. Using

some!). textbook text and pictures, as well as additional sources of information, create a route that would show both faces of Japan.

Exercise17. Using the text of the textbook, Figure 74, tables 14, 16, 17 in the “Appendices” and the map of the peoples of India in the atlas, characterize the population of India. Name the millionaire cities. Calculate the average population density for 1951, 1981, 1991, and 2001. Compare your findings and explain what they indicate.

Exercise18. Using the textbook text, the physical map of Asia, and the economic map of South and Southeast Asia in the atlas, describe Indian agriculture. Apply a standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) agriculture on p. 242.

Additional Using the map in the atlas, plot the cultivation areas on the contour map.

telialfor- production of rice, wheat, millet, cotton, jute, sugar cane, tea. giving (us- Determine which areas (types) of agriculture in foreign Asia

false). presented in India.

Task 19. Carefully review the text and pictures of Part I of the textbook and choose from

(creative They are all related to Australia. Use atlas maps of Australia

skoe!). and "Appendices" tables. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook.

Task 20. 1. (Work in a notebook.) Make a logical summary of one of the

(final). topic 7 paragraphs.

2. (Work on a contour map.) Using the text and pictures of the textbook, make a map diagram: “The most important products supplied by foreign Asian countries to the world market.” Show with arrows the exports of mining, manufacturing and agricultural products.

3. Select one of the foreign Asian countries that you would like to visit. Find interesting material about this country. Describe it - as if from personal impressions.

4. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying topic 7.

5. Using picture 73 of the textbook, describe the drained coastal area of the sea in Japan.

Try answering:

1. Why, of all the economically developed countries, did the “shift to the sea” of the economy receive the most vivid expression in Japan? Why did Japan become a pioneer in the construction of supertankers, coal carriers, ore carriers, and car carriers?

2. Why is population density greatest in valleys and river deltas in South and Southeast Asia?

3. Why did livestock farming become the main industry in Mongolia?

4. Why can the Mekong River be called the “Danube of Asia”?

5. How does the specialization of China's agriculture change as it moves from north to south? from east to west?

6. Why do extractive industries account for only 0.3% of Japan’s industrial structure?

7. Why do they say: “To know India, you have to live in a village”?

8. Why are primarily oceanic territories developed in Australia?

Check if the following statements are correct and, if necessary, give the correct answer:

1. Every fifth inhabitant of the Earth is Chinese.

2. Japan, unlike other Asian countries, is characterized by the first type of population reproduction.

3. South Asia is the most multinational and multilingual region in the world.

4. Japan became a leading industrial power with only one type of resource - labor.

5. Peasants in the monsoon regions of Asia grow wheat and barley.

6. Australia ranks second in the world in sheep population and first in wool production.

Choose the correct answer:

1. The subsoil of the countries of South-West Asia is rich in: oil, natural gas, iron ore, uranium, and non-ferrous metal ores.

2. Among the agricultural products of South Asia, the following stand out: rice, bananas, dates, wheat, tea, cotton, wool.

3. The most economically developed of the four main Japanese islands is: 1) o. Hokkaido, 2) o. Honshu, 3) about. Kyushu, 4) o. Shikoku.

Eliminate incorrect answers:

Japan exports: ferrous metals, automobiles, marine vessels, electronics products, coal, oil, iron ore, timber, livestock products.

Can you:

1.Place the following countries mentioned in the text and on text maps on a contour map of the world from memory: Mongolia, North Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Israel?

2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on text maps: Shanghai, Osaka, Jakarta, Bangkok, Mumbai, Kabul, Riyadh, Istanbul, Sydney, Melbourne?

3. Indicate which of the following countries are newly industrialized countries: North Korea, Cambodia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Iraq?

4. Indicate which of the following capital cities are coastal cities: Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, Tokyo, Seoul, Hanoi, Delhi, Baghdad, Ankara, Beirut?

5. Name five major cities in Australia?

1. The country ranks first in the world in terms of average population density (excluding microstates).

2. The country ranks first in the world in terms of oil reserves.

3. The country ranks first in the world in terms of irrigated land area.

4. A continental country that is part of the Commonwealth.

METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 7

What to remember

1. Political map, peoples and countries of foreign Asia. (Geography, 7th grade.) 2. Features of the physical-geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of foreign Asia and Australia, natural areas within their borders. (Geography, 7th grade.) 3. Asian states in ancient times and the Middle Ages. (History, grades 5, 6.) 4. Features of the historical development of China, India and Japan at the end of the 19th - first half of the 20th century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 5. Materials from Part I of the textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: climatic zones, monsoons, soil erosion, land reclamation, rain-fed farming, reservation.

What you need to know

Leading ideas of topic 7:

1. In recent decades, the role of countries in foreign Asia and the Asia-Pacific region in world politics and economics has been increasing. 2. On the territory of foreign Asia, separate large cultural regions have historically developed.

Main scientific knowledge of topic 7:

1.Characteristic features of the economic and geographical position, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of foreign Asia and four subregions. 2. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of China. 3. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of Japan. 4. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of India. 5. Brief overview of Australia. 6. Keywords: 1) interethnic and religious conflict, 2) separatism, 3) eastern (Asian) type of city, 4) megalopolis, 5) “growth pole”.

What you need to know

1. Characterize the natural prerequisites for the development of agriculture in the country (region). 2. Give characteristics of agriculture in the country (region). 3. Characterize the population of the country (region). 4. Make a logical summary of part of the textbook text. 5. Make maps.

Instructions and plans for mastering independent study skills.

1. Plan for characterizing natural conditions for agriculture in the country (region):

1. Terrain relief conditions and their influence on the location of agriculture. 2. Agroclimatic characteristics of the territory. 3. Soil and plant conditions of the territory. 4. General assessment of the natural prerequisites for the development of agriculture.

2 . Plan for characteristics of agriculture in the country (region):

1. Industry importance and product size. 2. Natural conditions for the development of the industry. 3. Features of agricultural relations. 4. Industry structure, ratio of crop production and livestock production. 5. Geography of crop and livestock production, agricultural areas (zones). 6. The country's dependence on the export and import of agricultural products. 7. General conclusion and prospects for the development of the industry.

3. Plan for characterizing the population of the country (region):

1. Number, type of population reproduction, demographic policy. 2. Age and sex composition of the population, availability of labor resources. 3. National (ethnic) composition of the population. 4. Social class composition of the population. 5. The main features of population distribution, the influence of migration on this distribution. 6. Levels, rates and forms of urbanization, main cities and urban agglomerations. 7. Rural settlement. 8. General conclusion. Prospects for population growth and labor supply.

Topic 8. AFRICA

BJIOK ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Task 1. Using Table 1 in the Appendices, plot the African countries that gained political independence after World War II on an outline map. Indicate the dates of independence and compare the countries of Northern and Tropical Africa in this regard.

Additional Using the “business card” on the flyleaf of the textbook, select the appropriate

telialfor- warring “pairs” of countries in Africa and foreign Europe, approximately equal in

giving (for pleasure). according to the size of the territory.

Task 2. Using atlas maps and tables 3-5 of the “Appendices”, classify African countries according to the degree of their wealth in mineral resources. Make a table in the following form:

Draw conclusions about the provision of these countries with raw materials and fuel for the development of heavy industry.

Additional Using the same sources, determine the main territorial combinations

adjective minerals. Describe the composition of the fossils in each of them; giving (us- try to connect it with the tectonic structure of the territory. Apply false). combinations of minerals on a contour map.

Task 3. Using Figures 7, 8 and 9, tables 6, 7 and 8 in the “Appendices” and atlas maps, specify and supplement the characteristics of land, water and agroclimatic resources in Africa contained in the text of the textbook.

Task 4. Using Table 3, quantify the urban explosion in Africa. What conclusions can be drawn based on these calculations?

Additional Prepare a summary of the report on the topic: “Population of Africa.” Use

adjective text and pictures of topics 3 and 8 of the textbook, atlas maps, “Appendices” tables, giving (complicated). additional literature.

Task 5. Analyze Figure 77. Using the economic map of Africa in the atlas, indicate specifically which ore, non-metallic minerals, food products and types of agricultural raw materials determine the monocultural specialization of each of the countries indicated on the graph.

Task 6. Using the physical and economic maps of Africa in the atlas, determine: 1) the main areas of the mining industry in Africa and their specialization, 2) the main areas of commercial agriculture and their specialization, 3) trans-African transport routes. Also use the pictures from Topic 5 of the textbook.

Additional Using the atlas maps, make a table in your notebook “Zonal specialization”

adjective zation of export and consumer agricultural crops in

tribute (creative!) Africa" in the following form:

Draw all possible conclusions from the analysis of this table.

Task 7. Using the text from the textbook and the map of Cairo in the atlas, prepare a message

(creative on the topic "Cairo - an Arab city in North Africa." Also use

some!). additional sources of information.

Additional Imagine taking a trip down the Nile from Aswan to

adjective mouth. Describe your journey in a letter to a friend. Try to do giving (for so that a colorful image of this territory appears.

pleasure).

Task 8. What do you think needs to be done to prevent it in the future?

(creative!). repetition of the “Sahel tragedy”? Give a rationale for your “project.”

Additional In his novel Five Weeks in a Balloon, Jules Verne talked about

adjective traveling around Africa in a hot air balloon. "Repeat" the route of this giving (for trips. What countries are they located in and what are they like? pleasure). the areas of Africa described by the writer today?

Final 1. (Work in a notebook.) Compare the countries of Northern, Tropical Africa and

task 9. South Africa according to some indicators characterizing its population and economy. Identify similarities and differences. Present the necessary data in the form of a table.

2. Compare the major extractive industries of North Africa and Southwest Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?

3. Compare the main export crops of Tropical Africa and South Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?

4. Prepare a small album entitled “Geography of Africa on Postage Stamps” for classroom demonstration.

SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL BLOCK

Answer the questions:

1. Why is the population shift to the coasts of the oceans and seas in Africa less pronounced than in foreign Asia?

2. Why is the Congo River not used to export industrial products from the Copper Belt region?

3. Why is Cairo called “the diamond button that fastens the delta”?

4. Why is Senegal called the “peanut republic”?

Are the following statements correct: ^Ш

1. Most African countries achieved independence in the second half of the 20th century.

2. Africa has the highest birth rate and highest death rate in the world.

3. African countries are characterized by high rates of urbanization.

4. Nigeria's main mineral resource is bauxite.

Choose the correct answer:

2. The most important types of mineral resources in North Africa are... (coal, iron ore, bauxite, oil, natural gas, phosphorites).

3. The least developed countries in Africa include... (Algeria, Ethiopia, Chad, Niger, Somalia, South Africa).

4. The main export agricultural crops of Tropical Africa are... (wheat, millet, cotton, citrus fruits, peanuts, coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, sisal).

Can you:

1. Place on a contour map of the world from memory the following countries mentioned in the text and on text maps: Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Ghana, Congo, Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, Madagascar?

2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on the maps: Cairo, Kinshasa, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Lagos, Dakar, Luanda, Johannesburg?

3. Explain the meaning of the following concepts and terms: monoculture, subsistence farming, apartheid?

4. Indicate which of the following countries are the main producers and exporters of cocoa: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Angola?

Identify the countries to which the following statements apply:

1. A country located on an island with an area of 1,600 thousand km 2.

2. Countries located “inside” the territory of South Africa.

3. A country lying along the middle reaches of the Niger River and without access to the seas.

4. A country whose capital is Nairobi.

5. A country where 98% of the population is concentrated in an area occupying less than 4% of its total area.

Fill in the blanks in the following phrases:

1. The copper belt stretches from Zambia to the southeastern part of ....

2. ... is Africa's largest oil producer and exporter, a member of OPEC.

3. South Africa produces... all of Africa's manufactured products.

METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 8

What to remember

1. Political map and peoples of Africa. (Geography, 7th grade.) 2. Features of the physical-geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of Africa, natural zones within its borders. (Geography, 7th grade.) 3. Ancient Egypt. (History, 5th grade.) 4. The main content of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Africa at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. (History, 8th grade.) 5. Material from Part I of this textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: colony, bantustan, platform, desert, savannah, equatorial forest, kimberlite pipe, national park.

What you need to know

Leading ideas of topic 8.

Transforming the socio-economic structure of Africa requires great efforts on the part of both African peoples and the entire world community.

Main scientific knowledge of topic 8:

1. Characteristic features of the economic and geographical position, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of Africa. 2. The concept of monoculture. 3. Image of the territory of North Africa. 4. Image of the territory of Tropical Africa. 5. Brief overview of South Africa. 6. Key words of the topic: 1) colonial type of sectoral structure of the economy, 2) monoculture, 3) Arab type of city.

What you need to know

1. Using a textbook and atlas, independently obtain the necessary knowledge for characterization. 2. Carry out comparative characteristics of industries, regions and cities. 3. Prepare a summary of a report on a given topic.

Sections: Geography

Lesson objectives: to form an idea among students about the composition of the region, natural conditions and resources, characteristics of the population, and improve skills in working with maps and statistical materials.

Equipment: political map of the world, computer presentation, waybills, tables.

Lesson type: a lesson in learning new material with practical elements.

(with computer support)

Lesson Plan

Geographical and geopolitical position of Foreign Asia.
Natural conditions and resources of the region.
Population.

Progress of the lesson.

Geographical and geopolitical position of Foreign Asia.

Teacher's introductory speech. (Appendix 2: slide 1)

Good afternoon, guys! We recently finished studying Foreign Europe and now we have to get acquainted with Foreign Asia. And I would like to start it with a description of the “Rock Garden” of the Japanese city of Kyoto. Centuries ago, the wise monk Soami built a garden of fifteen uncut black stones, of different sizes, scattered on the white sand. In fact, people only notice fourteen. The fifteenth stone is not before my eyes. It is blocked by neighbors. You take a step to the side along the wooden gallery stretching along the edge of the rectangle - on the other three sides the Garden is bounded by stone monastery walls - and again there are fourteen stones. The fifteenth one, the one that had been hiding until now, was now among them, and the other stone disappeared.

Another step to the side along the gallery, and ingeniously planned chaos appears again in a different composition, consisting of the same fifteen stones, one of which is invisible. What was the meaning of the ancient sage in this garden? (Question to the class).

Or maybe Soami wanted to say that it’s not about the stones, but about the people who come to this garden? Isn’t the essence of the garden that people perceive the same thing in different ways, each in their own way? Many people have dared to explore Asia - travelers, journalists, but we can take the risk too. If what you have learned seems controversial to you, let us remember the Rock Garden, where everyone sees their own fourteen stones. So, in order to make our discovery, we will have to go through several stages (a plan appears on the screen). (Appendix 2: slide 2)

Let's move on to the first question. (Appendix 2 slide 3).

Asia is the largest part of the world, occupying about a third of the Earth's landmass. It is part of the largest continent on Earth - Eurasia. The area of Overseas Asia is 27.7 million square meters. km. Its shores are washed by the Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as the marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean. In the east the coastline is heavily indented; garlands of islands stretch along the coast: Japanese, Ryukyu, Philippine, separating its marginal seas from the Pacific Ocean: Japanese, Yellow, East Chinese. In the southeast there is one of the world's largest clusters of archipelagos - the Greater and Lesser Sundas, the Moluccas, etc. In the south of Foreign Asia there are three huge peninsulas: Indochina, Hindustan, Arabia, separated by the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, wide open towards the Indian Ocean. Asia also belongs to the Andaman, Nicobar, Maldives, Laccadive Islands and the island of Sri Lanka, located in the Indian Ocean. The western edge of Foreign Asia is formed by the Asia Minor Peninsula, washed by the Mediterranean, Black, Aegean and Marmara seas.

Despite the relative ruggedness of the coastline, it is still smaller than, for example, in Europe. The inland regions of Western Asia are 1–1.5 thousand km away from the seas.

So, let’s draw a conclusion - we will characterize the EGP of the region, finding it in the text of the textbook on pages 223 -225.

(Neighboring position, coastal, inland position of some countries, which is generally less advantageous).

Political map of Overseas Asia

In ancient times, Asia was home to powerful empires that determined the course of world history, but the modern political map of Asia was formed mainly in Modern and Contemporary times.

The colonization of Asia began towards the end of the 15th century, when Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India. Already in 1511, the Portuguese captured Malacca, and in the second half of the 16th century, territorial conquests by Spain (Philippine Islands) and Great Britain (the Hindustan Peninsula) began. By 1900, 56% of Asia was occupied by colonial possessions, most of which belonged to Great Britain. Other states also owned colonies in Asia: the Netherlands, Portugal, France, Japan, Russia, and the USA. Colonies in Asia survived until the middle of the 20th century. More than 90% of the region's population lived in them. The collapse of the colonial system ended after the Second World War. By the beginning of the 21st century, only small islands had non-self-governing status. (Appendix 2: slide 4).

(The teacher asks students to turn to the waybill and complete tasks 1 and 2). (Appendix 2 slides 5.6).

The territory of Foreign Asia stretches from north to south for almost 7,000 km, and from west to east for more than 10,000 km. China and India are considered giant countries. The rest are quite large. But along with this, there are also small states, there are also microstates.

Asia is a region of geopolitical conflicts. Let's listen to the message from your classmates.

(First message: Dispute over ownership of the Kuril Islands.

Second message: History of modern Afghanistan). (Appendix 1: slide 7).

Conclusions on the computer. (Appendix 2 slide 8).

Natural conditions and resources.

Climatic conditions Overseas Asia varies from temperate to equatorial and determines the dominance of a monsoon climate with a clearly defined seasonality over a vast strip of the “ocean façade” of East and South Asia.

Asia receives a huge amount of rainfall, namely Chirrapunji - 12,000 mm per year. The inland part of Asia is deprived of a sufficient amount of moisture not only because of the barrier of the surrounding mountains, on the slopes of which this moisture is retained. In South-West Asia, where the influence of the monsoon does not reach at all, it is very dry and hot. Average annual temperatures in Arabia and Mesopotamia reach 30 degrees Celsius. The Mediterranean subtropical climate prevails here. In Arabia, precipitation falls 150 mm per year, in Asia Minor - 300 mm, and on the sea coasts more.

In the predominant part of Asia, the sum of temperatures allows for a variety of agriculture. It is no coincidence that Asia is the center of the most ancient agricultural crops, the birthplace of many cultivated plants (Appendix 2: slide 9).

The structure of the land fund is 27.7 million sq. km. the cultivated area is 17% (in Europe -29), only 0.15 hectares per person. Pastures occupy 22% of the area, forests - 17%. The two largest countries - China and India - have enormous tracts of cultivated land - 160 million hectares (behind the USA, India, Russia).

Forest resources. In terms of forest area (0.2 hectares) per capita, Asia is half the world average. Forests of industrial importance are concentrated mainly in the humid tropics and mountains of India, Myanmar, Indochina, the islands of the People's Republic of China, Japan and the Philippines; Asia accounts for 65% of timber exports. (Appendix 2: slide 10).

Huge damage to the forests of Asia is caused by “wood energy” in developing countries: China - 25%, India - 33%, Indonesia 050%. The largest exporters of timber are Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, and the largest importers are Japan and South Korea. (Appendix 2 slide 11).

Tropical forests in Asia are being destroyed more intensively than in other timber exporting regions of the world: from 1960 to 1990. their area decreased by 30% (in Latin America by 18%).

Asia is second only to America in timber reserves. The maximum volume of forested area has: India – 120 million hectares; China – 70 million hectares; India – 65 million hectares. (Appendix 2: slides 12,13).

Inland waters. Lev Mechnikov in his famous work: “Civilization and the Great Historical Rivers” wrote: “The four most ancient great cultures all originated on the banks of large rivers. The Yellow River and Yangtze irrigate the area where Chinese civilization arose and grew; Indian or Vedic, without going beyond the Indus and Ganges; The Assyrian-Babylonian civilization arose on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates - two vital arteries of the Mesopotamian lowland. Finally, ancient Egypt was, as Herodotus claims, a gift or “creation of the Nile.”

The population density in the Yangtze Valley, the largest of the Asian rivers, reaches 500-600 people. per km. sq.

Rivers are transport arteries, sources of irrigation and water resources. Asia accounts for more than 40% of the world's potential resources, of which China - 540 million kW, India - 75. The degree of their use is very different: in Japan - by 70%, in India - by 14%, in Myanmar by 1%.

Mineral – raw materials resources.(Students receive assignments according to the waybill). (Appendix 2: slide 14).

Output on a computer. (Slide 15).

Population. (Appendix 2 slide 16).

Asia is complex and mosaic in terms of national composition - nine language families and more than 600 different languages. Asia is the largest peoples of the world: Chinese, Hindustani, Bengalis, Baharis, Japanese (60% of the world's population).

Independent work of students to fill out the tables in the waybill.

Asia is a very densely populated continent. More than 100 million people live in Java, an area the size of New York State. - half of the total population of Indonesia. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world - more than 900 people per sq. km. the new industrial South Korea also exceeds European records - 465 people per square meter. km.

Asia is called a more urbanized continent compared to others; only thanks to China and India, about half of the Earth's citizens are concentrated here. In the city-state of Singapore, the share of the urban population is 100%, in Israel - 91%, in South Korea - 82. Levels of urbanization in the greatest countries of the world - China (no more than 50%) and India (27%) are still very low. Villages remained the predominant form of settlement in their vast expanses. The share of the urban population in Vietnam is only 19%, Laos and Cambodia - 21%. Nepal – 11%, Bhutan – 6%.

Life expectancy in Afghanistan is 45 years, in Bhutan, Laos, Cambodia - 30 years. (Appendix 2: slides 17,18).

The ten largest agglomerations in the world include 5 Asian ones - Tokyo, Bombay, Kolkata, Seoul. Chinese megalopolises are distinguished by the fact that they do not have the “belt of poverty” characteristic of the Third World. (Appendix 2: slide 19).

Note to students:

Record-breaking countries in Asia:

In terms of population - China (1.2 billion people).
In terms of birth rates - Afghanistan, Cambodia, Yemen (43%).
In terms of life expectancy - Japan (82 years).
The share of men in the population is Qatar (66%).
In terms of population density - Macau (30,000 people per 1 sq km).

Output on a computer (Appendix 2: slide 20).

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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General characteristics of Foreign Asia. 48 states SUBREGIONS Eastern and Central Asia Southeast Asia South Asia 5 states 11 states Area 32 million km2 Population 3.7 billion people 1. China 2. Mongolia 3. DPRK 4. South. Korea 5. Japan South-West Asia Central Asia 7 states 20 states 5 states 1. Myanmar 2. Laos 3. Vietnam 4. Thailand 5. Cambodia 6. Malaysia 7. Brunei 8. Singapore 9. Indonesia 10. East Timor 11. Philippines 1. Pakistan 2. India 3. Nepal 4. Bhutan 5. Bangladesh 6. Sri Lanka 7. Maldives 1. Georgia* 12. Iraq 2. Armenia* 13. Kuwait 3. Azerbaijan* 14. Bahrain 4. Syria 15. Qatar 5. Turkey 16. UAE 6. Cyprus 17. Oman 7. Lebanon 18. Afghanistan 8. Jordan 19. Iran 9. Palestine 20. Yemen 10. Israel 11. Saudi Arabia 1. Kazakhstan* 2. Uzbekistan* 3. Turkmenistan* 4. Tajikistan* 5. Kyrgyzstan* (* - states within the CIS)

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REGIONS OF ASIAN Share of Asian regions in area and population 32 million km2 = 20% of land 3.7 billion people. = 60%

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HETEROGENEITY OF ASIAN COUNTRIES Asian countries are very different. They differ in the size of the territory and natural resources, level of development, political system, etc. These are huge China and India, and the tiny Republic of Maldives. This is Kuwait, in whose depths billions of tons of oil are hidden and where the annual national income per capita is more than $25,000, and the poorest countries with incomes of less than $200 (Afghanistan, Bhutan). These are semi-feudal monarchies (Nepal), bourgeois and socialist republics, etc. The differences became especially sharp after World War II. Japan made an unprecedented leap in the development of productive forces, surpassing dozens of countries. Malaysia, Singapore, and South Korea have achieved notable success.

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POPULATION OF ASIA Reproduction of the population of Asia is characterized by high natural growth (see the map of the atlas “Natural population growth”), in most countries it is more than 20 people/year per 1000 inhabitants. In the countries of East and Central Asia, demographic policies have already led to a significant reduction in the birth rate and natural population growth. Natural population growth - more than 30 - 25 - 30 - 20 - 25 - 15 - 20 - 10 - 15 - 5 - 10 China Beijing Iran Kazakhstan Delhi Japan Conclusion: The reproduction of the population of foreign Asia is characterized by: fast rates; average life expectancy - 64 years PVS* * - sex-age structure

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DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION The distribution of the population is highly uneven; population density varies from country to country: in Bangladesh it is 950 people/km2, while in Mongolia it is 1.5 people/km2. Mongolia Bangladesh max min Coastal plains, valleys and river deltas Deserts, semi-deserts, highlands, trails. forests Analyze the map. Which subregion of Asia has the highest population density and which has the lowest? NUMBER 1. China - 1.3 billion people. 2. India - 1 billion people. 3. Indonesia - 200 million 4. Bangladesh - 150 million 5. Pakistan - 140 million 6. Japan - 125 million

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DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION The main impact on the distribution of the population is the process of urbanization, the share of the urban population is growing rapidly in the region, there is an “urban boom”, China and India occupy respectively 1 and 2 places in the world in terms of the number of urban residents, however, as shown Diagram A large proportion of the population lives in rural areas. Village City Rural settlement is characterized by a village form. Among the Mongols, Afghans and other peoples who maintain a nomadic lifestyle, the main type of dwelling is a yurt or tent. Philippine village URBANIZATION LEVELS Japan - 80% China - 35% India - 30% 1st and 2nd place in the number of citizens AGGLOMERATION Tokyo - 18.5 million people. Shanghai - 13.4 million people. Kolkata - 12 million people. Bombay - 11 million people. Tokyo High rates of urban population growth lead to the emergence of slum areas, i.e. the process of false urbanization is expressed.

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ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF ASIA The ethnic composition of foreign Asia is highly mosaic! 1000 peoples 600 languages MOST COUNTRIES ARE MULTINATIONAL (INDIA AND INDONESIA - MORE THAN 150 PEOPLES, PHILIPPINES - 100, CHINA - MORE THAN 50, VIETNAM, MYANMAR, THAILAND - MORE THAN 30 PEOPLES. ASIA IS THE HOMELAND OF ALL RELIGIONS WORLD Buddhism Hinduism Islam The complexity of the ethnic and religious composition of the series countries leads to the emergence of interethnic and religious conflicts, many of which occur under the slogans of separatism - a policy with the main goal of creating their own national state formation (For example, the Kurds are a people numbering about 20 million people. Historically, they found themselves in composed of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria, for a long time the leaders of the Kurdish national movement have been seeking the creation of an independent state of Kurdistan, including through armed means.