• The purpose of the lesson: to create conditions for the formation of an idea of ​​​​the market mechanism for regulating the economy
• Tasks:
• A) educational: teach to determine the conditions for the functioning of the market, bring to the concept of competition - the engine of the market, the market mechanism - the mechanism of interrelation and interaction of the main elements of the market
• b) developing: develop the ability to form your own opinion and position: develop the ability to develop a logical chain of reasoning
• IN) educational: develop cognitive interest

• 1. market and conditions of its functioning
• 2. competition
• 3. supply and demand in the market
• 4. market equilibrium
• 5. The invisible hand of the “market”

Market and its conditions

Functioning

Market- this is a special way of organizing social production, based on freedom of enterprise and independent decision-making on volumes and sales prices; This is a mechanism for coordinating the interests of consumers and producers based on the interaction of demand, price and supply.

Free exchange private own. material between sellers on economical responsible and buyers resources for results decisions taken

Operating conditions

1. free pricing

2. competition

3.freedom of entrepreneurial activity

Competition

Competition- this is a rivalry, a struggle-it allows you to do without public control of production -ensures free pricing -stimulates the production of cheaper and higher quality goods -the state is interested in supporting and developing competition

Supply and demand

Demand - this is the consumer's need or desire to buy a specific product or receive a service at a specific time and in a specific place

Factors influencing demand:

1.cash income

2. population growth

3. market size

4.consumer tastes, fashion, seasonality

5 . Price is the monetary expression of the economic value of goods, determined by the costs of their production and utility.

Law of Demand

• P-price
• Q-quantity of goods
• D-demand

The higher the price, the lower the demand, i.e. The volume of demand for goods and the level of prices for them are inversely proportional.

Offer- the ability and desire of the seller ( manufacturer) offer their goods for sale on the market at certain prices.

Factors influencing supply: 1. Availability of substitute goods. 2. Availability of complementary (complementary) goods. 3. Level of technology. 4. Volume and availability of resources. 5. Taxes and subsidies. 6. Natural conditions 7. Expectations (inflationary, socio-political) 8. Market size

Law of supply

• P-price
• Q-quantity of goods
• S-offer

The law of supply can be formulated as follows: The higher the market prices for any product, the greater the quantity of this product that producers and sellers are willing to supply to the market. .

• When the number of goods that buyers want to buy matches the number of goods that sellers want to sell

THE INVISIBLE HAND OF THE MARKET Each participant in a market economy, interested in his personal gain, ultimately increases the wealth of his country and serves the interest of the entire society. The English scientist economist Adam Smith called this principle "by the invisible hand » market , those. only the best production result will bring the planned income . CONCLUSION: The market performs important functions in the economy and is one of the effective ways to regulate economic life.

Material used: 1. Social studies textbook for grade 8, ed. L.N. Bogolyubova, N.I. Gorodetskaya, ed. Enlightenment 2014 2. Methodological manual “Social studies 8th grade lesson plans based on the textbook by L.N. Bogolyubov, ed. Volgograd 3. Internet resources nsportal, teacher portal

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The presentation on the topic “Market and market economics” (8th grade) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Economics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 17 slide(s).

Presentation slides

Slide 1

Market and market economy

Creator: Semkova N.V. – teacher of history and social studies MCOU “Secondary School No. 10, Nizhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk Region

Slide 2

Medieval market

Historically, markets as places of trade arose near cities and developed along with them. As commodity production develops, new subjects and ways of implementing market relations appear - merchants, banks, trading establishments. Foreign trade begins to play a significant role in the economic life of states. The market turns from a specific place of trade into a complex system of economic relations for the purchase and sale of goods.

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Conditions for the emergence of a market

Social division of labor and specialization

Economic isolation of production

Independence of production and freedom of enterprise

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The concept of "Market"

Market is an economic relationship associated with the purchase and sale of goods and services, as a result of which demand, supply and price are formed

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Types of markets

From a legal point of view

legal illegal

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Characteristics of a market economy:

1. the presence of independent commodity producers, freedom of economic choice (freedom of entrepreneurship, freedom of professional choice, freedom of consumer choice), entrepreneurial activity and guarantee of property rights of various economic entities; 2. competition between commodity producers of various forms of ownership; 3. free market prices that balance supply and demand; 4. free movement of capital between industries, regions and countries; 5. availability of capital and labor markets; 6. openness of the economy to global integration processes, the possibility of migration of labor, goods and capital;

Slide 10

Market regulation laws

The mechanism of the commodity market is regulated by two laws: the law of value and the law of supply and demand. Demand is the quantity of goods of a certain type that a buyer is willing to buy at a certain price level. Supply is the amount of goods that the seller is willing to offer to the buyer in a specific place and at a specific time. The monetary expression of value is the price, which is set by the manufacturer and, in theory, can be higher than the cost, lower than the cost, or equal to it. Price is the value of goods and services expressed in money. In reality, two prices are formed in the market: a) the demand price, which means the maximum price at which the buyer agrees to buy the product; b) supply price - the minimum price at which the manufacturer is willing to sell the product.

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The market economic system performs many different functions, among which the main ones are: a) the intermediary function, which consists in the fact that the market directly connects producers of goods and their consumers; b) the pricing function, which is implemented in the process of market play and competition and is manifested in the establishment of a certain equilibrium price for a particular type of goods; c) information function, the essence of which is to provide the market, through a specific price range, with information about the size of a particular production and the satisfaction of consumer demand for specific goods; d) a regulatory function, which involves the flow of capital from less profitable industries with lower prices to more profitable industries with higher prices (i.e. from those industries in which there is overproduction to industries where there is a shortage of products); e) a sanitizing function, within which the economy is “liberated” from an inefficient one.

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Competition and its types.

Competition (from the Latin concurrere - to push, compete) is the rivalry between participants in a market economy for the best conditions for the production and purchase and sale of goods.

By its nature and methods of conduct, competition can be either fair, civilized, or unfair, uncivilized.

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Civilized competition

Acts as an external incentive force that forces isolated commodity producers: 1. to constantly improve the technical equipment of production. 2. increase labor efficiency. 3. reduce your costs for the production of goods in order to increase profits.

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Slide captions:

Municipal state educational institution "Pervomaiskaya secondary school" MARKET ECONOMY § 14 8th grade. Social studies according to the textbook, ed. Bogolyubova L.N. Gruberg Olesya Vladimirovna – teacher of history and social studies

Lesson plan: The market and the conditions for its functioning. Supply and demand in the market. Market equilibrium. The "invisible hand" of the market.

A market is a system of economic relations associated with the exchange of goods and services, a place of trade. A characteristic feature of a market economy is free exchange between seller and buyer, private property, participants in market exchange are independently responsible for making their decisions, i.e.: The market and the conditions for its functioning.

For the normal functioning of the market, certain conditions are necessary, the market performs certain functions.

Characteristics of a market economy

Assignment: read the paragraph “Competition” on pages 108-109 and answer the questions: What is competition? Why is competition considered the main engine of the market?

2. DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN THE MARKET DEMAND is the desire and ability of the consumer to purchase a product or receive a service. Give an example of what will determine the choice of your purchase? SUPPLY is the desire and ability of the manufacturer (seller) to sell the product and make a profitable profit. Working with a document: textbook pp. 110-111

Explain the task using various examples: a) demand is inversely related to price; b) supply is directly dependent on price.

What determines demand? The amount of individual income; The needs needed today; Fashion; Prices for goods are substitutes.

Price functions Limit resource consumption Motivate production

3. MARKET EQUILIBRIUM Free pricing is one of the conditions for the functioning of the market. Sellers freely set prices, and buyers make choices, i.e. a market equilibrium is formed in which the seller can and wants to sell as much goods and at such a price as the buyer wants and can buy for this price. The price at which a real purchase and sale transaction is concluded is called the equilibrium (market) price. The main principle of the market is a profitable transaction between the seller and the buyer

4. “THE INVISIBLE HAND” OF THE MARKET Each participant in a market economy, interested in his own personal gain, ultimately increases the wealth of his country and serves the interest of the entire society. The English scientist economist Adam Smith called this principle the “invisible hand” of the market, i.e. only the best production result will bring the planned income.

CONCLUSION: the market performs important functions in the economy and is one of the effective ways to regulate economic life.

D.Z. § 14, p. 114 questions, write down in your notebook what the Arabic saying “Count losses before profits” means.

Material used: 1. Social studies textbook, grade 8, ed. L.N. Bogolyubova, N.I. Gorodetskaya, ed. Education 2010 2. Methodological manual “Social studies 8th grade lesson plans according to the textbook by L.N. Bogolyubov, Volgograd publishing house 3. Internet resources nsportal, teacher portal