Vital indicators. Natural population growth What is ep in geography

Population growth

see Population.

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

See what “Population growth” is in other dictionaries:

population growth- Change in the number of population in any territory as a whole over a certain period of time. Syn.: natural population movement... Dictionary of Geography

POPULATION GROWTH Glossary of terms on social statistics

POPULATION GROWTH- the difference between the population at the end and at the beginning of the period. Total population growth includes natural and migration population growth... Social statistics. Dictionary

The table presents a list of subjects of the Russian Federation, sorted by natural population growth (in a descending direction, that is, from the highest rate of natural increase to the smallest, to the highest rate of natural... ... Wikipedia

TOTAL POPULATION GROWTH- TOTAL POPULATION GROWTH, the difference in the number of us. at the beginning and end of the definition. time interval (ΔPtot = P1 P0). Expressed in absolute numbers, maybe positive. and deny. For territorial with unchanged boundaries O. p.n. equal to the sum... ... Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary

natural population growth- Population growth in a given region due to the excess of birth rates over deaths... Dictionary of Geography

mechanical population growth- Population growth in a given region due to migration... Dictionary of Geography

The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths during a certain period. It serves as the most general characteristic of the intensity of population growth, usually measured by the rate of natural population growth per 1000 inhabitants per year. * * *… … encyclopedic Dictionary

ZERO POPULATION GROWTH- a demographic theory that defends the need and tries to justify the possibility of maintaining a constant size (cessation of growth) of the population in connection with general birth control. According to this theory, in all countries the coefficient... ... Ecological dictionary

Books

Countries and peoples of the world
Countries and peoples of the world. This directory contains the following information about modern countries of the world: the official name of the country, state flag, geographical location, borders and surrounding seas,…

NATURAL GROWTH

(natural increase) The difference between the number of births and deaths in a certain population group during a certain period. In order to know whether this population group is increasing or decreasing in size, you also need to know migration - the difference between emigration and immigration.

Business. Dictionary. - M.: "INFRA-M", Publishing House "Ves Mir". Graham Betts, Barry Brindley, S. Williams and others. General editor: Ph.D. Osadchaya I.M.. 1998 .

See what “NATURAL GROWTH” is in other dictionaries:

Population is the excess of birth rates over deaths, that is, the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths over a certain period of time. It serves as the most general characteristic of the intensity of population growth, usually measured ... ... Wikipedia

NATURAL GROWTH- the difference between the crude birth and death rates. Can be expressed as a percentage. Ecological Dictionary, 2001 Natural increase is the difference between crude birth and death rates. Can be expressed as a percentage... Ecological dictionary

natural increase- natūralusis prieaugis statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Skirtumas tarp gimusių gyvų individų ir mirusių individų skaičiaus. atitikmenys: engl. natural increase of population vok. naturall Nachwuchs, m rus. natural growth... Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

natural population growth- Population growth in a given region due to the excess of birth rates over deaths... Dictionary of Geography

English natural growth; German Bevolkerungwachst, naturliches. In demography, the rate of population growth, calculated by the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants per year. Antinazi. Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2009 ... Encyclopedia of Sociology

Natural increase (decrease) of population- the difference between the numbers of births and deaths... Source: DECREE of the Moscow Government of June 28, 2005 N 482 PP ON THE CONCEPT OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW... Official terminology

Books

Socio-economic geography of the Euro-Atlantic region. Textbook and workshop for academic bachelor's degree, Solodovnikov A.Yu.. The textbook presents a regional and regional description of the Euro-Atlantic region, which includes Foreign Europe with its most developed countries, as well as Northern...
Socio-economic geography of the Euro-Atlantic region, 2nd ed., trans. and additional Textbook and workshop for academic bachelor's degree, Alexander Yurievich Solodovnikov. The textbook presents a regional and country-specific description of the Euro-Atlantic region, which includes Foreign Europe with its most developed countries, as well as Northern...

Natural population movement is the change in population as a result of births and deaths.

The study of natural movement is carried out using absolute and relative indicators.

Absolute indicators

1. Number of births during the period(R)

2. Number of deaths during the period(U)

3. Natural increase (loss) population, which is defined as the difference between the number of births and deaths during the period: EP = P - U

Relative indicators

Among the indicators of population movement are: birth rate, death rate, natural increase rate and vitality rate.

All coefficients, except the vitality coefficient, are calculated in per mille, i.e. per 1000 population, and the vitality coefficient is determined as a percentage (i.e. per 100 population).

Total fertility rate

Shows how many people are born during a calendar year on average for every 1000 people in the current population

Overall mortality rate

Shows how many people die during a calendar year on average for every 1000 people in the current population and is determined by the formula:

Mortality rate in Russia (number of deaths per 1000 population) from 11.2 ppm in 1990 increased to 15.2 in 2006, and the birth rate decreased accordingly from 13.4 to 10.4 ppm in 2006.

High mortality is associated with a stable trend of increasing morbidity. In comparison, our ailments become chronic for 15-20 years. Hence mass disability and premature mortality.

Natural increase rate

Shows the amount of natural population growth (decrease) during a calendar year on average per 1000 people of the current population and is calculated in two ways:

Vitality factor

Shows the relationship between fertility and mortality, characterizes population reproduction. If the Vitality Coefficient is less than 100%, then the population of the region dies out; if it is above 100%, then the population increases. This coefficient is determined in two ways:

Special indicators

In demographic statistics, in addition to general coefficients, special indicators are also calculated:

Marriage rate

Shows how many marriages occur per 1000 people during a calendar year.

To marriage rate = (number of persons married / average annual population)*1000

Divorce rate

Shows how many divorces occur per thousand of the population during a calendar year. For example, in 2000 in Russia there were 6.2 marriages and 4.3 divorces for every 1000 people.

Divorce rate = (number of persons divorced per year / average annual population) * 1000

Infant death rate

It is calculated as the sum of two components (in ppm).

The first is the ratio of the number of deaths under the age of one year from the generation born in this year, for which the coefficient is calculated, to the total number of births in this year.
The second is the ratio of the number of deaths under the age of one year from the generation born in the previous year to the total number of births in the previous year.

In 2000, this figure in our country was 15.3‰.

To infant mortality = (number of children who died under the age of 1 year / number of live births per year) * 1000

Age-specific birth rate

Shows the number of births on average per 1000 women of each age group

Special birth rate (fertility) rate

Shows the average number of births per 1000 women aged 15 to 49 years.

Age-specific mortality rate

Shows the average number of deaths per 1000 people in a given age group.

Total fertility rate

Depends on the age composition of the population and shows how many children, on average, one woman would give birth to during her life if the existing birth rate were maintained at each age.

Life expectancy at birth

One of the most important indicators calculated internationally. It shows the number of years that, on average, a person from the generation born would have to live, provided that throughout the life of this generation, age-sex mortality remains at the level of the year for which this indicator was calculated. It is calculated by compiling and analyzing mortality tables, in which the number of survivors and deaths is calculated for each generation.

Life expectancy at birth in 2000 in Russia was 65.3 years, including 59.0 for men; for women - 72.2 years.

Population reproduction efficiency coefficient

Shows the share of natural increase in the total population turnover

Natural population growth in Russia (as well as in other countries) is formed from the difference between mortality and birth rates. In this case, the number of births must exceed the number of deaths. In Europe, this indicator has minor differences from the Russian Federation. However, mechanical population growth, including emigration, is quite common in European countries. In this regard, the number of inhabitants in most states is increasing.

Natural population growth can be determined according to statistical data. This indicator is influenced by a large number of factors.

For example, the birth rate is influenced by the nature of the socio-economic structure established in society, as well as the living conditions of citizens. However, this dependence is not considered direct. For example, when women begin to participate more actively in industrial and social life, the birth rate begins to decline, despite the increase in the financial status of the family. This fact is one of the main reasons why in relatively rich families the number of children is the same, and sometimes less, than in families. At the same time, an increase in income can stimulate an increase in the birth rate.

It is also necessary to take into account the impact of religious and national traditions on the birth rate, as well as the extent to which they have been preserved in society. Of no small importance is the level at which people marry, the degree of strength of foundations in the family, climatic features, and the nature of settlement.

Of course, wars have a negative impact on natural population growth.

The mortality rate is mainly related to the level of well-being of citizens, the degree of development of health services and nutritional culture in society.

All of the above reasons have a significant impact on natural population growth, introducing large differences in the territorial distribution of people. For example, in the North Caucasus and in certain regions of the Volga region, they are widespread. Large natural population growth is recorded in these territories. At the same time, in the non-Black Earth regions there is a high proportion of elderly people, which is associated with the outflow of young people. In the territories of the Far East and Siberia, over the past 50 years, the number has been increasing due to the influx of people from European regions. This, in turn, helps to increase natural growth.

Scribe books were one of the first to record indicators of the number of citizens. Throughout the centuries-old history of Russia, changes in indicators were associated mainly with numerous wars, crop failures, and epidemics. The first census in the country was carried out in 1897. As a result, it was found that 124.6 million people lived in the Russian Empire, throughout its entire territory, of which sixty-seven and a half million lived in Russia itself. Over the years of the existence of the USSR, the number of citizens in the country increased by fifty-six million.

According to experts, the number would have increased even more if not for the impact. Thus, during the revolutions, during the famine of 1933-34, repressions, during the Second World War, human losses amounted to tens of millions.

In peacetime, the number of citizens born depends directly on the type of reproduction that has developed during history. The concept of “reproduction” refers to the change of generations. Depending on the type, the process can be characterized by a certain level of mortality, fertility, natural increase and other demographic indicators.

The most important tool for long-term forecasting of socio-economic social development is planning and analysis population growth. This indicator is most often used to calculate the size of its labor resources, including the volume of needs for them.

When analyzing the state demographic situation, two main indicators are used:

Mechanical (migration) growth,
Natural growth.

Shows the difference between the number of deaths and births of people over the period of time under consideration.

For maximum data accuracy, statistics are used in calculations, which make it possible to track the slightest changes. Special statistical bodies constantly monitor birth and death rates, which have a documentary basis.

Population growth formula

Population growth is determined summing up two indicators:

The rate of natural increase, which is the difference between the birth rate and death rate for a certain period;
An indicator of migration growth, reflecting the difference between the number of people arriving in a certain territory and the number of people leaving during the period under review.

Population growth is the difference between the current level of the demographic situation and the level of an earlier period.

The unit of account can be a period of time of a long-term (from 5 to 100 years) and short-term (from several days to 3 - 5 years) nature.

Formula for natural population growth

Natural increase is the difference between births and deaths of citizens. Moreover, if the birth rate is higher than the death rate, then we can talk about expanded population reproduction. If the mortality rate is higher than the birth rate, then there is a demographic decline and narrowed population reproduction.

There is an absolute and relative formula for natural population growth.

Formula for natural population growth in absolute terms can be determined by subtracting the end and beginning of the period from the reproduction volume.

This formula looks like this:

EP = P – C

Here EP is natural increase,

P – number of people born,

C – number of dead people.

Relative assessment of natural increase is carried out by calculating coefficients. In this case, the absolute value is the total number of inhabitants. The formula for natural population growth in relative terms is calculated as the difference between born and deceased citizens over a certain period (that is, the absolute value of natural growth). This difference is then divided by the total population.

Potn. = Pubs. / CHN

Potn here. – relative indicator of natural population growth,

Pubs. – absolute indicator of population growth, calculated as the difference between people born and deaths),

PN – population size.

Examples of problem solving

EXAMPLE 1

Exercise

At the beginning of the year, there were 50,000 thousand people in the state. At the same time, during the year the birth rate was 1,000 thousand people, and the death rate was 800 thousand people.

Determine the absolute and relative rate of population growth.

Solution

The formula for natural population growth (in absolute value) will be the difference between births and deaths of citizens per year:

Pubs. = P – C

Pubs. = 1,000 – 800 = 200 thousand people

We calculate the relative population growth rate using the following formula:

Potn. = Pubs. / CHN

Potn. = 200 / 50,000 = 0.004 (that is, 0.4%)

Conclusion. We see that the natural increase amounted to 200 thousand people or 0.4% of the total population.

Answer

Pubs. = 200 thousand people, P rel. = 0.4%