Lecture on accounting on the topic "Accounting for cash transactions on p.o.p." Accounting for cash transactions IV. Accounting for transfers in transit
Account 50 and most of its subaccounts use the “Cash Flow Items” subaccount as a subaccount. While creating cash documents First of all, the system requests the selection of a cash flow item.
The main regulatory act, which regulates in sufficient detail the features of registration and accounting of cash transactions in an organization, is the “Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation”, approved by decision of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on September 22, 1993 No. 40.
Let's look at the features of cash receipts and the implementation of this process in 1C: Accounting.
5.2. Receipt of funds to the organization's cash desk
Receipt of funds to the organization's cash desk is registered cash receipt order. It is usually called PKO for short. The PQR form was approved in Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of August 18, 1998 No. 88 “On approval of unified forms primary accounting documentation for accounting for cash transactions, for accounting for inventory results." There it is called: "Form No. KO-1". The PKO (we will look at its appearance a little later) consists of two parts - an order and a receipt. When depositing funds into the organization's cash desk, a receipt is issued to the person who submitted them, and the order remains in the organization.
The order of movement of the PKO through the levels of the organization, in brief, is as follows. The accountant writes out the PKO, the organization's seal is put on the PKO, the chief accountant (or other authorized person) signs on it, after which the order is transferred to the cashier, who checks the details of the order, receives money from it and issues a receipt to the person who deposited the money.
Accountant and cashier in automated accounting of cash transactions
Even before we get acquainted with the features of filling out a document that is used in 1C: Accounting, let's consider the issue of separating the functions of an accountant and a cashier during the automated processing of cash orders.
The accountant can formulate cash receipt order, print it out on a printer (in order to put the necessary signatures and seals on the paper copy of the order) and hand it to the cashier. At the same time, the accountant, after forming electronic document, writes it in the system, but does not carry it out - that is, presses the button Write down in document form and does not touch the button OK. After the document is written, it will be saved in the database, but will not generate any movements in the registers. That is, there will be a document, but it will not have any impact on the state of accounting, on the state of accounting registers. When the cashier finishes working with the PKO, he receives the required amount for it - he can find the document in the database, open it and process it by pressing the button Conduct in the form of a document.
Well, if the money under the PKO is never deposited, the document will remain recorded, but not posted, that is, it will not affect the state of accounting.
By the way, the cashier, in addition to the above-described manipulations with the PKO, must register the order in the cash book (F No. KO-4). 1C:Accounting also takes care of the formation of the cash book. Despite the fact that accounting is almost completely automated, some information - such as the same PKO or cash book sheets - is not yet completely entrusted to electronics. Therefore, a lot of things - in particular - the sheets of the cash book, which we will talk about below, have to be printed, filed, stored - as in ordinary accounting.
The procedure for processing documents in each specific accounting department may differ from the standard one. By the way, this applies not only to cash transactions.
Registration of PKO
In order to open the list of documents for the software, you need to run the command Cash desk > Receipt cash order. In the list window that appears, click on the button Add- a window for selecting the type of document will appear (Fig. 5.2).
Rice. 5.2.
Listed below are the types of documents that can be used to organize the receipt of funds, as well as examples of operations with accounting records containing correspondence of accounts. Please note that here and below we will mainly show schematic entries, which will be converted to a more detailed form during accounting. For example, in 1C: Accounting, account 50 is not used in postings - it is represented in postings by its own subaccounts.
| № | Types of PKO and business transactions | Document type | Business transactions | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | TO | Payment from the buyer | 50 | 62 |
| 2 | Revenue received from the sale of goods, works, services | Cash received from the operating cash desk to the organization's cash desk | 50.01 | 50.02 |
| 3 | Return of funds by the accountant | The balance of the accountable amount was deposited in cash at the organization's cash desk | 50 | 71 |
| 4 | Refund by supplier | Previously paid funds were received from the supplier for undelivered products | 50 | 60 |
| 5 | Received funds from the bank using check No.___ for the purposes of _____ | 50 | 51 | |
| 6 | Settlements on loans and borrowings with counterparties | Received funds to repay a commercial loan | 50 | 76 |
| 7 | Other cash inflow | Revenue from the sale of fixed assets, materials, intangible assets, etc. was capitalized. | 50 | 91, 76 |
| During the inventory, cash surpluses were identified, the identified surpluses were credited to the cash register | 50 | 91 | ||
| Funds were received from employees of the organization to compensate for damages from financially responsible persons, payments for services, etc. | 50 | 73 |
Let's look at a small example. On January 16, 2009, the organization’s cash desk received cash from its current account in the amount of 10,000 rubles.
For the created PQS, select the type of document Receiving cash from a bank, the PKO form will open, which needs to be filled out (Fig. 5.3).
Here we fill out the details Sum- enter 10,000 rubles, on the tab Payment details set the following parameters:
Let us remind you that analytical accounting in the context of cash accounting accounts (in particular, for account 50 and its subaccounts) is maintained according to subaccount Cash flow item (CFA). Availability of this analytical section designed for automated filling Cash flow statement(Form No. 4). You will have to provide each “monetary” document with information about the DDS article. If Form No. 4 is not needed by your organization for some reason, it is best to disable the cash account analytics ( Enterprise > Setting up accounting parameters, tab Cash).
Tab Seal needed to fill out the details that are used when printing the document. To print the PQP, click on the button Seal. The PKO form will be displayed on the screen (Fig. 5.4) - the same Form No. KO-1 that we talked about above.
Let's press the button OK in the document window, it will be recorded, posted and displayed in the document list window Receipt cash orders.
Often after a document has been recorded and carried out, there is a need to clarify the details of its implementation. For example, in order to find out exactly which transactions this document generated, in which registers the entries were made. Let us remind you that in order to find out more details about carrying out the document, you need to select it and click on the button, which is located on the toolbar of the document list window. You can see the result of pressing this button in Fig.
5.5. Moreover, this window provides not only data on the posting, but also allows you to edit it manually (by checking the appropriate box), as well as receive a full report on the posting of the document with detailed information about all movements of the document in the registers. To obtain this information, click on the button Document movements report in the window Result of the document . The document movement report displays the same data that is displayed in the results view window carrying out the document
, however, they are all placed on one sheet - this is convenient for quick viewing and for printing.
Entry based cash documents When filling out PKO and other
(by the way, this applies to any 1C: Accounting documents in general), it is very convenient to use the input mechanism on the basis. It allows you to enter one document based on another. This method of entering documents seems quite logical - after all, documents quite often contain repeating information and it, this information, can be used. You can enter the PKO on the basis of documents such as, Invoice for payment to the buyer, Sales of goods and services, Commissioner's sales report.
Retail sales report The PKO itself can serve as the basis for filling out the document. This could be a document, Reflection of VAT accrual, Account cash warrant.
Invoice issued
Now let's look at cash outflows from the cash register. Accountable persons
– employees of an enterprise who receive cash advances for business expenses and business travel expenses. The procedure for conducting cash transactions determines the procedure for issuing money on account. Issue is carried out in the presence of a cash register and without a cash register, a check is issued from the bank's cash desk.
Accountable amounts for business expenses are issued in the amount of 2-day needs for no more than 3 days. If outside the location of the enterprise - in the amount of 10-day requirements up to 15 days. For business trips: the cost of travel there and back, daily allowance and expenses for renting living quarters.
Temporary disability and inability to return must be documented. The period of business trip does not include days of temporary incapacity for work. The employee is reimbursed for the services of pre-purchase of tickets, use of a bed, insurance fee, expenses for booking accommodation, and for the use of public transport (except taxis), if they are outside the destination only on the basis of documents.
The departure day is the day the vehicle departs from the place of permanent work, and the arrival day is the day the vehicle arrives at the place of work. When leaving for a place before 24 o'clock the current day is used, after 0 o'clock the next day is used.
If the destination is outside the city, the time of arrival to the station is taken into account. The work and rest schedule is determined by the enterprise sending him. In return for rest days not used during a business trip, other days are not provided. If an employee goes on a business trip by order of the administration on a day off, then he is given another day of rest in accordance with the established procedure.
Advances received may be used by accountable persons only for the purposes for which they were issued. Within 30 days after returning from a business trip, accountable persons are required to submit an advance report on the amounts spent.
Settlements with accountable persons are accounted for in active-passive account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”. The issuance of cash is issued to the accountable person on the basis of a memo, which must indicate: the purpose of the expenditure, the timing and the amount required for this. The memo must be signed by the head of the enterprise, and only after this the accountant can issue a cash order for this amount, and the cashier can issue the accountable amount.
The accountable person, within the prescribed period, must submit to the accounting department of the enterprise an advance report with supporting documents (sales receipts) about the fact of purchasing items for administrative and economic needs. The accountable person returns the balance of the unused amount to the enterprise's cash desk using a cash receipt order.
The head of an enterprise can send an accountable person on a business trip (for example, on a trip for a certain period of time to another region or city to carry out any instructions from the manager).
When sending an accountable person on a business trip within the Russian Federation, a travel certificate is issued in the accounting department of the enterprise, which must contain the following necessary details:
1) last name, first name, patronymic of the accountable person;
2) destination of the business trip;
3) the name of the enterprise where the accountable person is sent;
4) purpose of the business trip;
5) duration of the business trip.
The travel certificate must be signed by the head of the enterprise. Current legislation provides for the following guarantees and compensation payments for business trips:
1) retention of the posted worker’s place of work (position) and average earnings throughout the entire business trip;
2) payment of daily allowances for the time spent on a business trip;
3) payment of travel expenses to the destination and back;
4) payment of expenses for renting residential premises. In accounting, transactions with accountable persons are reflected in the following entries:
1) an advance was issued for travel expenses:
Debit of account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”, Credit of account 50 “Cash”;
2) expenses for renting residential premises are reflected (excluding VAT):
Debit account 44 “Sales expenses”,
3) the amount of VAT paid for renting residential premises is taken into account:
Credit to account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”;
4) return of the unused amount to the cash desk from the accountable person:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
The advance report is accompanied by executed documents confirming the expenditure of accountable amounts; for business trips, an issued travel certificate is attached, etc.
In accounting, advance reports are checked and the amounts subject to approval by the management of the enterprise are determined.
For the amounts issued for reporting, an entry is made:
For the amounts spent, accepted and approved according to advance reports, entries are made:
Debit accounts 25 “General production expenses”, 26 “General expenses”, 10 “Materials”,
Credit to account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”.
Unspent amounts are returned to the company's cash desk:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”.
When traveling abroad, the issuance of an advance in foreign currency is reflected in accounting as follows:
Debit of account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”, Credit of account 50 “Cash”.
Accountable amounts not returned by employees within the established time limits are written off as follows: Debit 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables”, Credit 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”.
If these amounts can be deducted from the salary, then an entry is made:
Debit 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, Credit 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables.”
If they cannot be held:
Debit 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”,
Credit 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables.”
Analytical accounting is maintained for each advance payment. The issuance of new advances can only be made with a full report on the previous advance. Transferring the advance to another person is not permitted.
2. Accounting for settlements with buyers and customers
Settlements with buyers and customers from suppliers - reimbursement of costs and sales, receipt of a certain income. The procedure for accounting for settlements with customers depends on the chosen sales accounting method. If payment is made (cash method), the customer debt is accounted for on account 45 “Goods shipped” at the actual production cost:
Debit account 45 “Goods shipped”, Credit account 43 “Finished products”– products have been shipped. Upon receipt of payment:
1) Debit account 51 “Current account”, Credit account 90 “Sales”;
2) Debit account 90 “Sales”, Credit account 45 “Goods shipped”
3) – for the amount of VAT.
Customer debt that has expired within the established deadline for fulfilling obligations is written off from account 45 “Goods shipped” at the enterprise’s loss, not including a reduction in taxable profit. Customer debt written off at a loss is accepted into off-balance sheet account 007 and recorded there for 5 years. When paying off a debt, the amount is reflected as a financial result and included in taxable profit. If sales are accounted for by shipment, then accounting is kept on active account 62, on which the debt of buyers is reflected at the cost of sales (sale price).
Several subaccounts can be opened in accounting registers:
1) payments by collection;
2) calculations in the order of scheduled payments, etc.
The subaccount “Settlements by collection” takes into account settlements on shipping documents presented and accepted by the bank for payment. The second subaccount takes into account calculations that are systematic and do not end with the payment of one settlement document. The third subaccount records settlements on bills of exchange. The following entries are made in the accounting accounts:
1) Debit account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”, Credit account 90 “Sales”– the products are shipped and the invoice is presented to the buyer;
2) Debit account 90 “Sales”, Credit account 43 “Finished products”– sold products are written off at production cost;
3) Debit account 90 “Sales”, Credit account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”– for the amount of VAT.
When repaying the debt, account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” is credited.
Analytical accounting for account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” is carried out for each presented payment document, and when planning payments in the context of buyers and customers.
When applying the accrual method of accounting for sales, enterprises are allowed to create reserves for doubtful payments at the expense of profits, while taxable profit is reduced.
Receivables unclaimed on time after the expiration of the limitation period are written off as a reduction in reserves for doubtful debts:
The written-off debt is accepted into account 007 and recorded there for 5 years. If the debt is repaid, the amount received is credited to profit as non-operating income.
Advance payments
Payments for advances are a certain system of financial relationships associated with the issuance and receipt of advances for the supply of valuables, performance of work, payment for products and work performed for the customer or acceptance upon partial completion. The terms of the contract may provide for an advance in a certain amount. At the same time, the organization provides separate accounting for each advance received. Recording is made:
Debit of account 51 “Current account”, Credit of account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”.
When receiving an advance, value added tax must be charged to the budget and recorded in accounting with the following entry:
Debit of account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”, Credit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”. Claims settlements
Claims are made in writing, which indicates the applicant's requirement, amount, references to legislation, and is accompanied by relevant documents and certified copies. Claims are considered within 30 days from the date of receipt. The answer is communicated in writing. If the claim is fully or partially satisfied, the response indicates the recognized amount, the number and date of the payment order for the transferred amount. In case of complete or partial refusal, reference must be made to the legislation. The bearer has the right to file a claim in court if the claim is refused or the response is not received within the prescribed period. You can put forward a demand to declare the contract invalid, to terminate it, etc. The response must be given within 10 days, unless otherwise provided by law. Accounting for settlements on claims is kept on account 76, subaccount 2 “Settlements on claims”.
An organization can file a claim against a supplier (contractor) if:
1) the supplier does not comply with contractual obligations;
2) a shortage of valuables received from him was identified;
3) arithmetic errors were found in the supplier’s (contractor’s) documents for the goods (work, services) supplied.
In the first case, the contract usually provides for the collection of a penalty, fine or penalty from the supplier. They are reflected in accounting by posting:
Credit to account 91-1 “Other income”– penalties, fines, penalties charged to the supplier (contractor) and recognized by him or awarded by the court have been accrued.
When the buyer, upon acceptance of valuables received from the supplier, reveals their shortage or damage, the following entries are made in his accounting:
Debit account 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables”, Credit account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” - reflects the shortage (damage) of valuables within the limits stipulated by the contract;
Debit of account 76-2 “Calculations for claims”,
Credit to account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”– the shortage (damage) of valuables in excess of the amounts stipulated by the contract is reflected.
If the court refuses to collect losses from suppliers or transport organizations, the shortage is written off as follows:
Debit account 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables”, Credit account 76-2 “Calculations for claims”– the shortfall (damage) of valuables in excess of the amounts stipulated by the contract is written off.
Calculations by payment requests-orders
A payment order is an order from the account owner (payer) to the bank servicing him, documented as a settlement document, to transfer a certain amount of money to the recipient's account opened in this or another bank. The payment order is executed by the bank within the period provided for by law, or within a shorter period established by the bank account agreement or determined by business customs applied in banking practice. Payment orders can be made:
1) transfer of funds for goods supplied, work performed, services rendered;
2) transfers of funds to budgets of all levels and to extra-budgetary funds;
3) transfer of funds for the purpose of returning/placing credits (loans)/deposits and paying interest on them;
4) transfer of funds for other purposes provided for by law or agreement.
In accordance with the terms of the main agreement, payment orders can be used for advance payment of goods, work, services or for making periodic payments.
The payment order is drawn up on form 0401060. Payment orders are accepted by the bank regardless of the availability of funds in the payer's account. When paying a payment order, on all copies of the payment document, the date of debiting the funds from the payer’s account is entered in the “Written off from the payer’s account” field (in case of partial payment, the date of the last payment), and in the “Bank Marks” field, the bank’s stamp and the signature of the responsible executor are affixed.
The bank is obliged to inform the payer, upon his request, about the execution of the payment order no later than the next business day after the payer contacts the bank, unless a different period is provided for in the bank account agreement. The procedure for informing the payer is determined by the bank account agreement.
Letters of Credit
The payer issues a letter of credit order from the buyer's bank to the supplier's bank to pay invoices on the terms specified in the buyer's application.
A distinctive feature is that payment is made directly after shipment. The supplier submits to the bank all relevant documents confirming the shipment, performance of services and work and receives the appropriate amount.
This eliminates the possibility of delay and ensures its timeliness. A letter of credit is issued for the period under the supply agreement, and each is intended for settlements with only one supplier.
A letter of credit can be opened using your own funds or loans.
3. Accounting for settlements with suppliers and contractors
Suppliers include companies that supply materials, goods, services or work, and contractors include companies that carry out construction work. Settlements with them are usually carried out after the shipment of materials, goods, etc., or simultaneously with the completion of these operations. The form of payment is established in the agreement (contract).
Due to massive non-payments, deliveries are currently being made on the basis of advance payment without the consent of the enterprise to pay claims for energy resources and communication use without acceptance.
Accounting for settlements is carried out on passive account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”. All transactions for settlements for the acquisition of material assets are carried out on this account, regardless of the time of payment of the presented invoice.
The buyer makes the following entries on the invoices presented:
1) Debit account 10 “Materials” (and other accounts of material assets),
Credit to account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and customers”;
2) Debit of account 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets”,
– for the amount of VAT.
For services for the delivery and processing of materials by third parties, records are made similar to the acquisition of valuables.
When delivering material assets for which documents have not been received, it is necessary to check whether the assets are listed as paid, but are in transit or removed from the warehouse, and whether the amount is listed as a receivable.
After checking the materials, they are accounted for as uninvoiced deliveries:
Debit account 10 “Materials”, 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”,
Credit to account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and customers”- at the prices stipulated in the contract.
When payment documents are received, this entry is reversed and a new entry is made. Repayment of debt is reflected in the debit of account 60 and in the credit of account in accordance with the payment.
The amount of debt secured by bills of exchange is not written off from account 60, but is taken into account separately in an analytical context. Analytical accounting for account 60 is carried out for each payment document presented, and when calculating planned payments - for each supplier and contractor. The construction of analytical accounting should provide the opportunity to acquire the necessary information on various suppliers, on accepted payment documents, the payment period of which has not arrived, on payment documents not paid on time, on uninvoiced deliveries, on bills of exchange, the payment period of which has not arrived, on bills not paid in term for a commercial loan. This data is necessary when drawing up a balance sheet. In the journal-order form of accounting, settlements with suppliers and contractors are taken into account in journal-order No. 1, which is maintained on account credit 60 in a positional manner for each settlement document. Analytical accounting of settlements with suppliers and contractors during settlements in the order of scheduled payments is carried out in a special statement No. 5, the data of which, as a total of totals in the context of corresponding accounts, at the end of the month is transferred to the order journal No. 6.
4. Accounting for social insurance and security payments
To create special funds, appropriate deductions are made for social needs, which are included in the costs of production or circulation. Temporary disability benefits and sanatorium-resort treatment are provided by contributions to the social insurance fund. Contributions are made to the Pension Fund. To provide citizens with equal opportunities to receive medical care - to the compulsory medical insurance fund. To provide for temporarily unemployed people - into the employment fund.
For these purposes, account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” is used.
When accruing, the following entry is made:
Debit account 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 25 “General production expenses”, 26 “General business expenses”,
The use of funds from the fund is reflected as follows: Debit of account 69 “Calculations for social insurance”, Credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”. Pension calculations
Deductions are made to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Tariff: for employers - 28% of the accrued salary fund, for employers in agriculture - 20.6% of the fund, for citizens engaged in private practice - 28%, for peasant farms - 20.6%, but if they use hired labor, then insurance premiums are 28% of payments accrued in favor of hired workers.
Public organizations of disabled people are exempt from paying contributions, as well as organizations whose authorized capital consists entirely of contributions from disabled people and their number in the total number of personnel is more than 50%. If their number is less than 50%, then the benefit applies only to payments to disabled people.
On account 69 “Calculations for social insurance”, subaccount 3, medical insurance is taken into account.
When accruing, the following entry is made:
Debit account 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 25 “General production expenses”, 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”,
Credit to account 69 “Calculations for social insurance”.
When crediting funds:
Debit of account 69 “Social insurance payments”, Credit of account 51 “Current account”.
When calculating contributions:
Debit account 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 25 “General production expenses”, 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, Credit account 69 “Calculations for social insurance”, subaccount 4 “Calculations for the employment fund "
When transferring funds:
Debit of account 69 “Calculations for social insurance”, subaccount 4 “Calculations for the employment fund”, Credit of account 51 “Current account”.
5. Payroll calculations
Payments for wages are carried out on account 70. The credit of this account records accrued wages, and the debit accounts for deductions from wages and their issuance. Balance means the enterprise's debt to employees. On the amount of wages accrued for time worked, depending on the place of employment:
Debit account 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 25 “General production expenses”, 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, 43 “Finished products”, 44 “Sales expenses”, Account credit 70 “ Payments to personnel regarding wages."
If reservation is not allowed, then:
Debit account 20 “Main production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”,
Credit to account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”.
If payments are made for length of service, then:
1) if reserved - at the expense of the reserve;
2) if not, at the expense of the consumption fund.
From the wages of the enterprise the following is withheld:
1) income tax:
Debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, Credit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”;
2) deductions under writs of execution:
Debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, Credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”;
3) deductions for marriage:
Debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, Credit of account 28 “Defects in production”.
The remaining wages are paid to employees and are recorded in accounting using the following entry:
Deductions of 1% from wages to the Pension Fund are reflected as follows:
Debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, Credit of account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security”, subaccount 2 “Calculations for pensions”.
6. Accounting for cash transactions
Cash transactions– these are operations related to the receipt, storage and expenditure of various funds received by the organization’s cash desk from the servicing bank. The receipt of funds to the cash desk from the current account in accounting is reflected by the following entry:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 51 “Current account”.
Primary documents:
1) cash receipt order (to register the operation of cash receipts at the cash desk for any reason from one person);
2) expense cash order (to register the issuance of cash from the cash register to one person for any needs);
3) cash book;
4) payroll;
5) a journal for registering incoming and outgoing cash orders;
6) a book of accounting for money accepted and issued by the cashier for reporting to public distributors of wages and transactions to cashiers.
Incoming cash orders and receipts for them, as well as outgoing cash orders must be filled out without marks, clearly and clearly. The book of the cashier-operator must be numbered, laced and sealed with the signatures of the chief accountant and the head of the enterprise. The organization's seal must appear on each cash document.
The maximum amount that can be in the cash register is determined by the limit. The limit is set centrally.
All facts of receipt and issue of cash at the cash desk are recorded in the cash book (standard form). It must be numbered, laced, sealed with a wax seal and certified by the signatures of the director and chief accountant. Records in it are kept in 2 copies using carbon paper. The second copy (tear-off) is the cashier’s report; it is transferred to the accounting department with receipts and expenses documents every day at the end of the working day.
Accounting for current account transactions
The bank carries out acceptance, issuance and non-cash transfers using documents of a specific form. Main documents:
1) for cash payments:
a) cash check;
b) an announcement for a cash contribution;
2) for non-cash payments:
a) acceptance form (consent to payment) of settlements (settlements with payment requests; valid to the bank for 10 days);
b) settlements by payment orders;
c) letter of credit form of payment (application for letter of credit), this is a transfer on behalf of the enterprise of an advance to the bank for payment upon presentation of shipping documents by the supplier to its bank;
d) statement of refusal of acceptance;
e) collection payment order - for direct debiting of funds from the company’s account in cases established by law;
f) memorial bank order - used to write off or credit non-cash funds to the company’s account by order of the servicing bank.
The main form of non-cash payments is acceptance (settlement by payment requests). The supplier, through the mediation of the bank, receives money from the payer on the basis of payment documents.
Collection– an order to the bank to receive an amount from the buyer.
Acceptance– there are different types of acceptance (preliminary, subsequent, etc.). If the payer does not refuse to accept within 3 days, the payment request is considered accepted, but the refusal must be documented.
Advice– official bank notification about the settlement transaction performed (about the transfer of funds from the payer’s account to the supplier’s account).
Typical transactions for cash receipts and expenditures:
1) receiving cash from the bank:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 51 “Current account”;
2) payment by the accountable person of the balance of unused funds:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
Credit to account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”;
3) repayment of the buyer’s debt for goods, works, services:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
Credit to account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”;
4) repayment of debt for shortages and thefts:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
Credit to account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”;
5) capitalization of surpluses identified as a result of inventory (audit) of the cash register:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 91 “Other income and expenses”;
6) receiving cash in foreign currency from the bank:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 52 “Currency account”;
7) contribution by the accountable person of the balance of unused funds:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
Credit to account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”;
8) reflection of payments to employees from the cash register (salaries, social benefits, income from participation in the authorized capital, etc.):
Debit account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, Credit account 50 “Cash”.
Accounting Theory: Lecture Notes Yulia Anatolyevna Daraeva
6. Accounting for cash transactions
6. Accounting for cash transactions
Cash transactions– these are operations related to the receipt, storage and expenditure of various funds received by the organization’s cash desk from the servicing bank. The receipt of funds to the cash desk from the current account in accounting is reflected by the following entry:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 51 “Current account”.
Primary documents:
1) cash receipt order (to register the operation of cash receipts at the cash desk for any reason from one person);
2) expense cash order (to register the issuance of cash from the cash register to one person for any needs);
3) cash book;
4) payroll;
5) a journal for registering incoming and outgoing cash orders;
6) a book of accounting for money accepted and issued by the cashier for reporting to public distributors of wages and transactions to cashiers.
Incoming cash orders and receipts for them, as well as outgoing cash orders must be filled out without marks, clearly and clearly. The book of the cashier-operator must be numbered, laced and sealed with the signatures of the chief accountant and the head of the enterprise. The organization's seal must appear on each cash document.
The maximum amount that can be in the cash register is determined by the limit. The limit is set centrally.
All facts of receipt and issue of cash at the cash desk are recorded in the cash book (standard form). It must be numbered, laced, sealed with a wax seal and certified by the signatures of the director and chief accountant. Records in it are kept in 2 copies using carbon paper. The second copy (tear-off) is the cashier’s report; it is transferred to the accounting department with receipts and expenses documents every day at the end of the working day.
Accounting for current account transactions
The bank carries out acceptance, issuance and non-cash transfers using documents of a specific form. Main documents:
1) for cash payments:
a) cash check;
b) an announcement for a cash contribution;
2) for non-cash payments:
a) acceptance form (consent to payment) of settlements (settlements with payment requests; valid to the bank for 10 days);
b) settlements by payment orders;
c) letter of credit form of payment (application for letter of credit), this is a transfer on behalf of the enterprise of an advance to the bank for payment upon presentation of shipping documents by the supplier to its bank;
d) statement of refusal of acceptance;
e) collection payment order - for direct debiting of funds from the company’s account in cases established by law;
f) memorial bank order - used to write off or credit non-cash funds to the company’s account by order of the servicing bank.
The main form of non-cash payments is acceptance (settlement by payment requests). The supplier, through the mediation of the bank, receives money from the payer on the basis of payment documents.
Collection– an order to the bank to receive an amount from the buyer.
Acceptance– there are different types of acceptance (preliminary, subsequent, etc.). If the payer does not refuse to accept within 3 days, the payment request is considered accepted, but the refusal must be documented.
Advice– official bank notification about the settlement transaction performed (about the transfer of funds from the payer’s account to the supplier’s account).
Typical transactions for cash receipts and expenditures:
1) receiving cash from the bank:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 51 “Current account”;
2) payment by the accountable person of the balance of unused funds:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
3) repayment of the buyer’s debt for goods, works, services:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
Credit to account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”;
4) repayment of debt for shortages and thefts:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
Credit to account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”;
5) capitalization of surpluses identified as a result of inventory (audit) of the cash register:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 91 “Other income and expenses”;
6) receiving cash in foreign currency from the bank:
Debit account 50 “Cash”, Credit account 52 “Currency account”;
7) contribution by the accountable person of the balance of unused funds:
Debit account 50 “Cash”,
Credit to account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”;
8) reflection of payments to employees from the cash register (salaries, social benefits, income from participation in the authorized capital, etc.):
Debit account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, Credit account 50 “Cash”.
From the book Accounting Theory: Lecture Notes author Daraeva Yulia Anatolevna6. Accounting for cash transactions Cash transactions are operations associated with the receipt, storage and expenditure of various funds received by the organization’s cash desk from the servicing bank. Receipt of funds to the cash desk from the current account in the accounting
From the book 1C: Enterprise in Questions and Answers author Arsentieva Alexandra Evgenievna8. Accounting for cash transactions To generate reports on cash transactions, there is a “Cash Book” report, which is generated on the basis of cash documents. The cash register report is intended to identify cash balances in the cash register and to monitor cash
From the book Accounting author Melnikov IlyaACCOUNTING FOR CASH OPERATIONS At an enterprise, the cash register is used to receive, store and spend cash. The procedure for conducting cash transactions is regulated by the instructions of the Central Bank of Russia. The amount of cash in the cash desk of an enterprise is limited by a limit that
From the book Theory of Accounting author Daraeva Yulia Anatolevna19. Accounting for cash transactions Cash transactions are operations associated with the receipt, storage and expenditure of various funds received at the organization’s cash desk from the servicing bank. Primary documentation: 1) cash receipt order; 2) cash expenditure order
From the book Practical Audit: A Study Guide author Sirotenko Elina Anatolevna2.2. AUDIT OF CASH OPERATIONS Preliminary acquaintance with the internal control system at the enterprise allows the auditor to assess how the safety and intended use of cash is ensured. If there are suspicions of possible theft
From the book Theory of Accounting. Cheat sheets author Olshevskaya Natalya106. Accounting for cash transactions In accordance with the rules established by current legislation, all enterprises, regardless of their form of ownership, must keep their funds in a bank institution. Cash received by the cash desk is spent only on
From the book Control and Audit: Lecture Notes author Ivanova Elena Leonidovna11. Control of cash transactions The most important object of accounting that deserves special attention are cash transactions. This situation exists, in particular, because these transactions involve cash and the likelihood of abuse here
From the book Control and Audit author Ivanova Elena Leonidovna52. Control of cash transactions The main tasks of control of funds and cash transactions are to identify the state of safety of funds, the correctness and legality of their use, the authenticity and reliability of cash transactions,
From the book Restoring Accounting, or How to “Reanimate” a Company author Utkina Svetlana Anatolyevna4.3. The procedure for identifying and correcting errors identified when reflecting operations for maintaining cash transactions and current accounts When checking the correctness of conducting cash transactions, you should be guided by the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation,
From the book Accounting author Bychkova Svetlana Mikhailovna9.6. Audit of cash transactions The purpose of the audit of cash transactions is to establish compliance of the accounting methodology used in the organization, valid in the analyzed period, with regulatory documents. The main objectives of the audit of cash transactions
From the book Accounting in Trade author Sosnauskiene Olga Ivanovna4.1. Accounting for cash transactions and monetary documents in a trade organization In almost all cases (with rare exceptions), trade organizations deal with cash. To record the availability and movement of funds in the cash register of an enterprise,
From the book Financial Accounting author Kartashova Irina2.1. Accounting for cash transactions 2.1.1. What regulatory documents regulate the procedure for conducting cash transactions at enterprises of the Russian Federation? The procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, approved by the decision of the board of directors of the Central
From the book Accounting from scratch author Kryukov Andrey VitalievichExamples of cash transactions Let's look at specific examples of the procedure for registering cash transactions in the cash desk and accounting department of an organization. But let's start with reflecting cash transactions in the organization's accounting department after they are registered by the cashier in the cash book. At the bottom
author82. The procedure for conducting cash transactions The funds of organizations are in the cash register in the form of cash and monetary documents in bank accounts, in issued letters of credit, in check books, etc. Conducting cash transactions is entrusted to the cashier, who bears
From the book Management Accounting. Cheat sheets author Zaritsky Alexander Evgenievich83. Accounting for cash transactions In accordance with the rules established by current legislation, all enterprises, regardless of their form of ownership, must keep their funds in a bank institution. Cash received by the cash desk is spent only on
From the book Accounting in Medicine author Firstova Svetlana YurievnaChapter 3. Accounting for financial assets (cash). The procedure for accounting for cash and cash transactions (1st level) Regulatory framework Organization of cash transactions Payments in cash are carried out through the cash desk and
The procedure for conducting cash transactions is regulated by the relevant regulations approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on September 22, 1993, No. 40.
Each enterprise must have a cash register to make cash payments and store monetary documents. The premises must be specially equipped to ensure the safety of funds. Cash transactions are carried out by the cashier, with whom a liability agreement is concluded.
All businesses must keep their funds at a bank institution. Cash received by the cash desk is spent only for the purposes for which it was received (payment of wages, travel or business expenses). An enterprise may have cash in its cash register within the limits limit of their balance established by the bank establishment in agreement with the head of this enterprise. In excess of the limit, cash can be kept in the cash register only during the payment of wages for no more than three working days. Enterprises that have constant cash revenue, in agreement with the bank, can spend it on wages, travel and business expenses.
An active account is intended to summarize information about the availability and flow of funds at the organization's cash desks, as well as monetary documents located at the organization's cash desk (postage stamps, state duty stamps, bill stamps, paid air tickets, paid vouchers to holiday homes and sanatoriums, etc.) 50 "Cashier".
Sub-accounts are opened for account 50: 50-1 “Cash of the organization”, 50-2 “Operating cash”, 50-3 “Cash documents”, etc.
When an enterprise carries out cash transactions with foreign currency, then corresponding sub-accounts must be opened to account 50 for separate accounting of the movement of each cash foreign currency.
Debit Account 50 “Cash” Credit
|
Receipt of money to the cash register |
Correspondent check |
Issuing money from the cash register |
Correspondent check |
|
Balance - the balance of money at the beginning. period For sold fixed assets From current account For sold products Advance from buyer, customer or payment From accountable persons the balance of unused advance From the founders contribution to the authorized capital From debtors Balance - the balance of money at the end of the period |
To pay production and business expenses To current account Employees' wages Advance payment and reimbursement of cost overruns to accountable persons |
Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated August 18, 1998. No. 88 approved unified forms of primary accounting documentation for cash transactions:
KO-1 “Cash receipt order”;
KO-2 “Cash expenditure order”;
KO-3 “Journal of registration of incoming and outgoing cash documents”;
KO-4 “Cash Book”;
KO-5 “Book of accounting of funds accepted and issued by the cashier.”
The responsibilities of the cashier include maintaining a cash book, which records all receipts and withdrawals of cash in the organization. The organization maintains one cash book, which must be numbered, laced and sealed. Erasures and unspecified corrections in the cash book are not permitted.
Bugs are corrected as follows: incorrect text or amounts are crossed out and the corrected text or amounts are written above them. Crossing out is done with one line so that you can read what is being corrected. Correction of an error must be indicated by the inscription “Corrected” and confirmed by the signature of the persons who signed the document, and the date of correction is indicated.
Entries in the cash book are made by the cashier immediately after receiving or issuing money for each order or other document replacing it. Every day at the end of the working day, the cashier calculates the results of transactions for the day, withdraws the balance of money in the cash register for the next date and transfers to the accounting department as a cashier’s report a second tear-off sheet with incoming and outgoing cash documents against a receipt in the cash book.
It is allowed to maintain a cash book in an organization in an automated way.
Control over the correct maintenance of the cash book rests with the chief accountant of the organization.
Reception and issuance of money on cash orders are carried out on the day the orders are drawn up. Cash orders are not issued to persons giving or receiving money.
Cash payments between legal entities, between legal entities and entrepreneurs limited to 100 thousand rubles within the framework of one contract (from June 20, 2007).
If an enterprise sells products for cash (including using plastic cards), then it uses cash registers and keeps records of incoming revenue in the book of the cashier-operator.
Accounting for transactions in foreign currency must be kept in rubles based on the conversion of foreign currency at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of the transaction.
The procedure for converting foreign currency into rubles is established by PBU 3/2006, according to which the date of cash transactions with foreign currency is the date of receipt or issue of banknotes from the organization's cash desk. Entries in accounting registers are made simultaneously in the currency of settlements and payments and in rubles. In the “Cashier's Report” (the second tear-off sheet of the cash book) two amounts must be entered - in foreign currency and in rubles.
In incoming and outgoing cash orders, the amount is indicated in the payment currency.
If the exchange rate of foreign currencies changes against the ruble during the time the foreign currency is in the organization’s cash desk, exchange differences. The cost of foreign banknotes at the cash desk in rubles must be recalculated on the date of the transaction in foreign currency, as well as on the date of preparation of the financial statements.
Emerging exchange rate differences are reflected in the organization’s accounting records as follows:
D 50 K 91 - positive exchange rate difference;
D 91 K 50 - negative exchange rate difference.
Receipt and issue of cash documents , (vouchers, air tickets) are made according to incoming and outgoing cash orders with the subsequent preparation by the cashier of a report on the movement of monetary documents.
Cash documents are taken into account in the amount of actual costs for their acquisition.
In accounting, the movement of cash documents is reflected as follows:
D 50 subaccount “Cash documents” K 50, 71, 76 – cash documents received;
D 73 K 50 subaccount “Cash documents” - issuance to employees.
| Previous |
2016
Panarina L.V.
Lecture notes on studying
PM 05. “Performing work in the profession of Cashier.”
MDK 05.01. Organization of cash and non-cash money circulation, conducting cash transactions and working conditions with cash
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………
Section 1. Conducting transactions with funds and securities, preparation of relevant documentation…………………..
Topic 1.1. Carrying out transactions with cash and securities and preparing cash documents……………………………………..
1.1.1 Definitions of the concept of “Cash” and cash transactions in the organization……..
1.1.2 Monitoring of resolutions, instructions, orders, other governing and regulatory documents of higher and other bodies relating to the conduct of cash transactions; cashier's financial liability ; labor legislation and labor safety rules for cashiers………...
1.1.3 Characteristics of securities; cash and non-cash circulation of funds and securities……………………………………………………….
1.1.4 Use of cash proceeds; compliance with the cash balance limit; compliance with the maximum amount of cash payments between legal entities……………………………………………………………...
1.1.5 Receiving cash from receipt orders at the cash desk and issuing a receipt; filling out cash receipt orders with registration in the journal; completeness and timeliness of posting of money received by checks; rules for receiving, issuing, accounting for funds and securities......
1.1.6 Issuance of cash from the cash desk according to expense orders, pay slips, applications for the issuance of money, accounts; depositing uncollected funds and compiling a corresponding register; procedure for issuing funds by proxy; filling out cash receipts and expenditures with registration in the journal….…………………..
1.1.7 The procedure for receiving funds and securities from bank institutions according to executed documents for the payment of wages, bonuses, travel and other expenses to workers and employees, making these payments; issuance of cash from the cash desk upon applications for the issuance of money; procedure for issuing accountable funds and accepting advance reports …………………………………………………
1.1.8 Ensuring the safety of funds; inventory of funds, audit of the cash register; cases of mandatory inventory, sudden audits of the cash register.…………………………………………………….
1.1.9 Storage at the cash desk of various monetary documents and forms of strictly accountable documents (postage stamps, state duty stamps, bill stamps, paid air tickets, paid vouchers to holiday homes and sanatoriums, transfers en route, etc.).……………… ……………..
1.1.10 Classification of cash documents necessary for the organization’s activities; compiling a register of cash documents for the day; drawing up a journal-order and a statement of cash register turnover, or a memorial order....
Topic 1.2.Carrying out cash transactions with cash foreign currency……………………………………………………………………………………..
1.2.1 Sources of receipt of foreign currency funds to the organization’s cash desk; the procedure for withdrawing cash foreign currency from a current account with an authorized bank; using cash from the organization’s cash desk only to pay for travel expenses; acceptance of currency by cash desks of organizations and its issuance from cash desks; cases of non-posting (incomplete posting) to the cash desk of foreign currency and the resulting penalties…………………………………………………………………………………..
1.2.2 Analytical accounting carried out by the cashier for each type of foreign currency in the cash register; changes in the exchange rate of currencies held at the organization's cash desk; methods for determining the authenticity of foreign currency………………………………………………………………..
Section 2. Maintaining a cash book based on incoming and outgoing documents, preparing cash reports and transferring funds to collectors………………………………………………………………………………..
Topic 2.1. The procedure for registering a cash book, drawing up cash reports and transferring cash funds to collectors……………………….
2.1.1 Regulatory documents defining the procedure for maintaining a cash book and storing money; requirements for the appearance of the cash book (numbering and stitching of pages, affixing signatures and seals, etc.); rules for maintaining entries in the cash book; erasures and unspecified corrections in the cash book; procedure for making changes to the cash book…………………………………………………………………………………
2.1.2 Maintaining a cash book in an automated way; composition of reporting documents that the cashier submits to the accounting department at the end of the day; the procedure for preparing cash reports for the day; drawing up a daily cashier report and submitting it to the accounting department; Filling out the book of accounting of funds accepted and issued by the cashier……………………………………
2.1.3 Maintaining a cash book for foreign exchange transactions; making additional entries in the cash book to reflect exchange rate differences; dates of conversion of foreign currency into rubles: on the date of the transaction (day of receipt, issue of funds from the cash desk), or on the date of preparation of financial statements; reflection of the chosen option in the accounting policies of the organization; registration of transactions to reflect exchange rate differences using memorial orders……………………………………..
2.1.4 Study of the relationship between the organization’s cashier and:
1) the head of the organization or an official replacing him;
2) chief accountant and his deputy;…………………………………….
3) accounting staff;………………………………………………………
4) other employees of the organization;……………………………………
5) commercial banks…………………………………………………..…..
2.1.5 Rules for the transfer of funds to collectors……………………..
2.1.6 Drawing up an inventory of old banknotes, as well as drawing up relevant documents for their transfer to bank institutions for the purpose of replacing them with new ones………………………………………………………………………………………. .
Introduction
The lecture notes are written in accordance with the work program of the Federal State Educational Standards 3+ generation course and are intended for secondary vocational education students studying in the specialty 38.02.01 “Economics and Accounting”.
The proposed structure of the notes has a practical orientation and will allow you to understand the relationship between the theoretical and practical material of the professional module PM 05 “Performing work in the profession of Cashier” (MDK 05.01 “Organization of cash and non-cash money circulation, conducting cash transactions and working conditions with cash”).
To this end, each chapter corresponds to the work program for a given professional module and contains the main provisions of specific topics that will help students solve competency-based tasks.
The lecture notes reflect the current state of accounting for cash transactions.
After each chapter, topics for practical work and questions for independent work are given.
MDK 05.01. Organization of cash and non-cash money circulation, conducting cash transactions and working conditions with cash.
PC 5.1 Carry out transactions with cash and valuables
papers, draw up relevant documents.
Section 1. Conducting transactions with funds and securities, preparation of relevant documentation.
In order to master the specified type of professional activity and the corresponding professional competencies, the student during the development of the professional module must be able to:
Apply in practice decrees, orders, orders, and other governing and regulatory documents of higher and other bodies relating to the conduct of cash transactions;
Fill out forms for cash and bank documents;
Comply with the rules for receiving, issuing, accounting and storing funds and securities;
Comply with the cash balance limits established for the organization;
Ensure the safety of funds;
Receive according to the established procedure
document funds or register them for receipt by non-cash means at bank institutions for payment of wages, bonuses, travel allowances and other expenses to workers and employees;
Carry out transactions with cash and securities, draw up relevant documents;
know:
Resolutions, instructions, orders, other governing and regulatory documents of higher and other bodies relating to the conduct of cash transactions;
Forms of cash and bank documents;
Rules for the acceptance, issuance, accounting and storage of funds and securities;
Limits on cash balances established for the organization;
Rules for ensuring the safety of funds;
Rules for conducting transactions with funds and securities, drawing up relevant documents.
Topic 1.1 Carrying out transactions with cash and securities and preparing cash documents
1.1.1 Definitions of the concept of “Cash” and cash transactions in the organization.
For all organizations of the Russian Federation, uniform requirements have been established for the procedure for accounting and storing cash. All operations for receiving and spending cash, as well as storing money and monetary documents must be carried out at the organization’s cash desk.
Cash register is a division of an organization that performs cash transactions with cash and monetary valuables. To ensure reliable safety of cash and valuables, the cash register premises must meet requirements for technical strength and equipment of premises with alarm systems .
Cash is the most mobile and easily realizable asset of an organization. Cash has the greatest mobility. Their movement is carried out through cash transactions.
Cash transactions- a set of operations with individuals and legal entities for reception, storage and issue cash(banknotes and coins) carried out by enterprises, organizations, banks. They represent a set of logistical procedures consisting of receiving (collection), storing and issuing cash.
Cash transactions are regulated by regulations financial law.
Cash transactions, as a type of financial transactions it is:
Operations with money of account, which are carried out by business entities in order to receive funds,
Operations for receiving and issuing money from cash desks of organizations and banks.
The procedure for carrying out cash transactions in the Russian Federation is regulated by Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
The Central Bank established new rules for conducting cash transactions. Their implementation has become mandatory for everyone involved in commercial activities.
Cash transactions include:
reception
issuance
storage
cash recalculation,
filling
conducting
reception
issuance of documents that accompany monetary transactions.
On June 1, 2014, instead of the expired Regulation of the Central Bank (CB) of the Russian Federation dated October 12, 2011 No. 373-P, the Directive of the Central Bank dated March 11, 2014 No. 3210-U “On the procedure for conducting cash transactions by legal entities and the simplified procedure for conducting cash transactions” came into force. operations by individual entrepreneurs and small businesses." The document has passed state registration with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.
The regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation establish certain responsibilities for enterprises, institutions, and organizations, regardless of their legal form. They must maintain a cash book in a certain form and register cash transactions using standard interdepartmental forms of primary accounting documentation (clause 2 of the Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated No. 88
,ed. dated 03/27/2000 N 26, dated 05/03/2000 N 36).Despite the apparent simplicity of accounting for cash payments and, in particular, cash transactions, nevertheless, many practical workers with significant work experience (not to mention beginners) commit gross violations of the current rules of accounting and cash payments. This sometimes results in significant financial losses for the company in the form of penalties.
The main tasks of cash accounting in enterprises:
Accounting and execution of cash transactions and settlements with legal entities and individuals in accordance with the requirements of current legislation and established rules;
Monitoring compliance with cash and accounting discipline;
Timely and correct documentation of cash flow transactions;
Strict daily control of the safety of cash, currency and securities in the cash register;
Timely inventory of funds.
Account 50 “Cash” is intended for organizing accounting of cash transactions. According to the approved chart of accounts, subaccounts can be opened for account 50 “Cash”:
50.1 “Organization cash desk.” The subaccount takes into account the receipt and expenditure of cash in Russian currency;
50.2 “Operating cash desk”. The subaccount takes into account the receipt and expenditure of cash at ticket offices, post office offices, etc.;
50.3 “Cash documents”. The subaccount records transactions involving the movement of postage stamps, state duty stamps, paid air tickets and other monetary documents. Cash documents are taken into account in the amount of actual costs for their acquisition.
50.4 “Cash desk in foreign currency.” The subaccount records transactions with cash currency. Currency can be purchased on the domestic foreign exchange market of the Russian Federation (in banks) to pay travel expenses for employees of the organization.
1.1.2 Monitoring of resolutions, instructions, orders, other governing and regulatory documents of higher and other bodies relating to the conduct of cash transactions; financial responsibility of the cashier; labor legislation and labor safety rules for cashiers.