In life, we are all a little estimators. When visiting a store, we estimate your shopping budget.

When we go on vacation, we sit down with a calculator so that by the time we return we won’t be left without money. If we are talking about large expenses associated with the construction or renovation of a house, the approach to calculations should be especially responsible.

Looking at the estimate drawn up by a construction organization, a beginner can understand, at best, half of what is written there. Planned savings, overhead costs, depreciation charges - this gobbledygook confuses the inexperienced customer.

Anyone who has become proficient in the intricacies of budget puzzles can easily bring the contractor to the “clean water”, saving a lot of money. Therefore, we will consider the question of how to draw up an estimate for construction or repairs correctly and in detail.

How is the estimate prepared?

There is actually nothing complicated in drawing up an estimate. This document simply systematizes and “sorts out” all the costs of the upcoming construction or repair. It is for this reason that the calculation must be very careful. If done superficially, the actual figure may be several times higher than the planned costs.

Therefore, arm yourself with a calculator and a pen, be patient and sit for an hour or two so that the estimate for construction work takes into account not only the main volumes, but also all the little things that accompany them.

Three main items of any estimate– materials, labor and transport. On a large construction site, they are added to the cost of electricity, operation of machinery and equipment (rented or the contractor’s own).

If you build a house yourself, hiring a team of workers and personally paying for the work of machines and mechanisms, then accounting for costs becomes easier. All markups typical of contracting organizations are eliminated, and the number of settlement points is reduced to a minimum.

In this case, you just need to “estimate” the volume of work to be done, from which you can then easily extract materials and costs for payment for work and transport delivery.

Sample estimate

Let’s not delve too deeply into the theory, but go straight to the example of calculating the costs of constructing a building from foam blocks.

A well-prepared estimate for the construction of a house is divided into stages, for each of which its own cost calculation is drawn up. Obviously, such technological stages will be excavation work, foundation, walls, floors and roof.

There are no materials in earthworks, only work and machinery. Therefore, we will immediately determine the volume of soil that needs to be removed under the foundation. To do this, multiply the depth of the trench by its total length.

Let's say that we received 100 m3 of soil. Now let's move on to estimating the cost of the work. If an excavator will dig a trench, you need to take the cost of one machine-hour of this machine and multiply it by the duration of digging the trench. This is how the first line appears in our estimate:

1. Excavation work:

1200 rubles/hour x 4 hours = 4800 rubles.

However, there are some nuances here. You will also have to pay for the delivery of the excavator to the construction site. This amount must be found out in advance from the contractor and included in the estimate.

Different machines have different performance. Therefore, determine in advance what kind of excavator you need (bucket width, volume of soil removed per 1 hour of work).

The excavated soil will have to be leveled over the site, and part of it will have to be poured back into the “sinuses” of the trench and compacted. Who will do it? If you don’t want to personally move tons of earth, just pay money to the builders.

The final part of the estimate for earthworks includes the cost of backfilling and soil leveling:

• Excavation 1200 rub./hour x 6 hours = 7200 rub. + delivery of an excavator 1200 rubles = 8400 rubles.
• Manual backfilling and soil leveling 30 m3 x 200 RUR/m3 = 6000 RUR.

If the site is uneven and a full-scale vertical leveling is planned on it (filling holes and cutting off hills), then it is better to move the soil from the foundation to the last item in the estimate. It's called "vertical planning and landscaping."

Having finished with the ground, let's move on to the rubble foundation, as the most economical foundation option.

Here we again need to determine the scope of work. We calculated the underground part when we were working on the ground. Now you need to add to it the volume of the foundation, which will be above the ground level. Let's say that in the end we got 140 m3.

We decompose this figure into the volume of rubble, sand and cement that makes up the foundation. For reinforcement we also need reinforcement. We do not count formwork, since the builders will do the masonry above “zero” without it.

2. Foundation

Materials

1. Sand for filling 5 m3 x 900 rub/m3 (with delivery!) = 4500 rub.
2. Crushed stone for filling (fraction 20-40 mm) 5 m5 x 2500 rub/m3 (with delivery!) = 12,500 rub.
3. Bottle – 80 m3 x 2300 rub./m3 (with delivery!) = 184,000 rub.
4. Sand for the foundation - 40 m3 x 900 rub./m3 (with delivery!) = 36,000 rub.
5. Cement – ​​20 tons x 3600 rubles/ton + delivery 5000 rubles. = 77,000 rub.
6. Fittings – 2 tons x 22,000 rub./ton + delivery 3,000 rub. = 47,000 rub.

Transport

1. Delivery of cement 5000 rub.
2. Delivery of fittings 3000 rub.

Sand and crushed stone are sold taking into account the cost of delivery, so we will not allocate transport in a separate line, but will simply note this in the estimate. Cement and reinforcement are brought by hired transport. Therefore, the cost of their transportation must be included in the “Transport” column.

What can you save on here? Of course, on combining the delivery of cement and reinforcement. To do this, you need to hire one car and bring these materials on it. It is better to transport sand and crushed stone with a dump truck of maximum capacity to reduce the number of trips.

Job

Includes pouring a sand-crushed stone cushion, preparing a solution for pouring a rubble foundation and the process of layer-by-layer concreting of the masonry. After studying market prices, it is best to settle on a comprehensive one. It takes into account all related operations and takes up two lines in our estimate:

The general estimate for the foundation installation will look like this:

				price, rub.
	Materials
	Sand
	Crushed stone
	Booth
	Cement
	Armature
	Transport
	Delivery of reinforcement and cement
	Job
	Backfilling of sand and crushed stone cushion
	Concreting the foundation (with laying the reinforcing belt)

Below is an example of a simple estimate for a columnar foundation compiled by the developer. All amounts of work, costs and prices are posted here on separate lines. The document is easy to read and analyze.

The compiler’s mistake is that he did not highlight the cost of the work in a separate article, but attributed it to the price of additional materials! “By some miracle”, this included a technical inspection, a certain “registration chamber” and other expenses not related to construction.

Don't make these mistakes if you want to clearly see all your expenses.

It should be noted that calculating estimates requires knowledge of construction technology. Without this, it is impossible to describe upcoming costs in detail and correctly. For example, the facade of a building can be faced with stone, decorative brick, plaster or blockhouse. Each of the listed works includes a number of specific operations.

Hip roofing is also performed in different ways, each of which involves the use of special technologies and materials. Therefore, before drawing up an estimate, take the time to carefully study the production cycle that you will have to estimate.

Drawing up an estimate for repairs

Fundamentally, the estimate for repairs does not differ from the calculation of costs for capital construction. Only materials and technologies change. The counting principle remains the same.

First you need to thoroughly study the upcoming work (main and auxiliary) in order to understand the set of operations and the need for materials.

As an example, consider drawing up an estimate for redecorating a living room. “Cosmetics” does not involve replacing floors, moving partitions or installing suspended ceilings. Therefore, the calculation will not be as complicated as during a major reconstruction.

We took the cost of work and materials as conditional so as not to be tied to market prices, which vary significantly depending on the region.

There will be no such article as the operation of mechanisms during cosmetic repairs if you do not rent a plastering station or spray gun. Builders bring their own power tools to the site and include their depreciation in the prices.

In addition to finishing materials, you will have to buy “consumables” (rollers, brushes, sandpaper, respirators, gloves), which can be classified under the “Materials” article.

	Name of work, materials			price, rub.
	Materials
	Starting putty
	Serpyanka	package
	Drywall wall
	Self-tapping screws	package
	Non-woven wallpaper
	Wallpaper glue	package
	Acrylic paint
	Brush
	Roller
	Respirator
	Gloves
	Sandpaper
				Total:
	Transport
	Delivery of materials
	Job
	Installation of drywall (with gluing and puttying of seams)
	Gluing non-woven wallpaper
	Wallpaper painting

You can save on repairs, but not at the expense of the quality of materials, but by organizing competent “logistics” of delivery. Therefore, you should not go to the store every day for various little things. Together with the builders, you need to make a detailed list of everything you need in advance and purchase everything at once.

Types and features of estimates

Budgeting methods

Calculation of construction estimates for landscaping

Cost estimate (costs) is intended to group the upcoming expenses of an enterprise aimed at carrying out any activity. In addition, there are estimates aimed at financing the activities of any enterprise or organization. The purpose may be to carry out design or construction work and the like. In our article we will talk about the types of estimates, methods for compiling them, and give an example of calculating a construction estimate for landscaping.

Many facts of economic activity require estimates. There are different types of estimates, it depends on the type of activity of the organization, its organizational and legal form. Thus, manufacturing companies prepare cost estimates for production, non-profit organizations - estimates of income and expenses, construction companies - specialized construction documentation, which includes estimates for construction and installation works (construction and installation works) and for the development of design documentation.

Types of estimates

Production cost estimate

Includes planned costs for manufacturing products and is compiled for each type of product produced.

It indicates direct, or variable, costs that depend on the volume of output:

• material costs;
• wages of production workers and insurance premiums;
• depreciation deductions;
• other expenses directly related to the production of products.

Here is formed partial cost of the product.

Such cost estimates are used to calculate the standard cost of finished products at which they will be accounted for in the warehouse, and the selling price at which these products will be sold to customers.

The production cost estimate allows you to control the use of resources - to prevent overexpenditure of material costs, timely identify deviations of actual indicators from planned ones, analyze and eliminate the causes of deviations. Without a production estimate, it is impossible to control actual costs.

Estimates of income and expenses

In the income and expense estimates of HOAs (homeowners' associations), TSN (real estate owners' associations), garage cooperatives, and gardening non-profit partnerships, the income indicates the amount of membership and (or) targeted contributions that go to the maintenance of the non-profit organization, and the expenses indicate all expenses incurred. her expenses.

The expenses of such organizations include, among other things, the salaries of the accountant and the chairman, security costs, costs of utility bills, garbage removal, fire safety, etc. Estimates are approved by the general meeting of owners.

At the end of the year, the audit commission checks the validity of the expenses incurred, their documentary evidence, and the compliance of actual expenses with the expenses indicated in the estimate.

Construction estimates

Compiled for construction and installation work on repairs, major overhauls of buildings and equipment, for reconstruction and construction of new facilities (buildings, residential buildings, cottage communities), landscaping of courtyard areas, laying roads, etc., as well as for design and survey work construction work.

3 components of the estimate for construction and installation works:

1) direct costs;

2) overhead costs;

3) estimated profit.

The estimates for investment projects include the costs of design, survey, construction and installation work, and the profit that the contractor should receive from the work.

As a rule, the price in investment contracts and construction contracts is negotiable (that is, free, not tied to anything).

The cost of construction is determined at the stage of preparing design and estimate documentation, taking into account economic, geographical and natural factors, and local conditions. Subjects of investment activity (investors, customers-developers, contractors) are independent and equal in rights, therefore the price for capital construction projects is set by mutual consent of the parties.

The cost of construction can be determined at different stages, for example:

• design work (drawing up a general plan, sketches, etc.);
• construction and installation work (direct execution of construction work);
• commissioning work to put into operation the necessary equipment at the facility under construction.

Prices in construction estimates are determined on the basis of a variant and flexible approach without strict regulations and excessive centralization. Contract bidding allows you to choose the optimal cost, timing and quality of project implementation.

The cost of construction products and the volume of production depend on demand: the more housing is in demand, the more expensive 1 m 2 of living space is and the more residential buildings are built.

Any participant in the investment process can draw up an estimate:

• designer working under a contract with the customer. In this case, the estimate is usually prepared using the resource method or at the basic level using a fixed price;
• customer - determines the preliminary cost of the investment project or draws up an investor estimate for a package of tender documentation;
• general contractor - determining the cost through contract bidding.

Depending on which of the subjects of investment activity compiled the estimate, the following types are distinguished (Table 1).

Table 1

Types of construction estimates

Type of construction estimate	Who makes up	At what stage is it compiled?	How is the amount of investment determined?	Calculation accuracy
Conceptual estimate	Designer	When developing investment proposals together with a feasibility study of the project	Based on the collected information regarding the unit cost of consumer properties or facility capacity
Investor estimate	Investor	At the pre-project stage, the starting price of the investment project is determined	The starting price is calculated based on the master plan or sketch of the construction project. The specification and volume of building materials and equipment are calculated using aggregated indicators
Contractor's estimate (estimate for construction and installation work)	Contractor	At the stage of concluding a contract based on design documentation	The estimated cost includes the cost of materials and construction and installation works, losses from inflation, the contractor’s profit, and other issues related to construction
Customer's estimate		Developed on the basis of a finished project or master plan, working drawings taking into account elemental estimate standards, unit prices, average values ​​of the cost of resources used in construction	The estimated cost includes the cost of all stages of construction
Executive estimate	Customer or contractor	After completion of construction. The question of its necessity is resolved in the process of concluding a contract	All actual expenses incurred are taken into account, including additional ones that arose during the implementation of the project for both the contractor and the customer.

The methodology for determining the estimated cost of an investment project, the regulatory framework used and the procedure for carrying out mutual settlements are agreed upon by the customer and the contractor and are recorded in the signed contract.

Local estimates

The summary estimate calculation of a facility under construction is drawn up on the basis of local estimate calculations (estimates), which, in turn, are drawn up on the basis of the physical volumes of work, structural drawings of elements of buildings and structures, accepted methods of work and, as a rule, for each building and structure according to types of work

Contract agreements may provide for enlarged stages of work - technologically complete complexes of construction and installation work. Separate local estimates can be drawn up for them. For example, in estimates for buildings, underground and above-ground parts are distinguished. This allows the customer to pay the contractor for the completed stage of work. For relatively simple objects, the estimated cost may not be grouped into sections.

The result of the estimate calculation in the local estimate is direct costs. Next, the size of overhead costs and profits is determined. Overhead costs are added to the total direct costs as a percentage. After this, the total cost is calculated. Profit is accrued on it (also as a percentage).

Determination of construction costs

The cost of construction can be determined by:

• in the project - according to enlarged estimate standards (price lists, enlarged estimate standards - USN, enlarged prices - UR), integrated indicators of construction costs (UPSC) and cost indicators of analogous objects;
• according to estimates for standard, reusable and individual projects, tied to local construction conditions, and estimates drawn up according to working drawings, using price lists intended for this purpose (USN, UR).

Local estimates for the purchase of technological and engineering equipment are compiled on the basis of specifications for the equipment of the manufacturer, drawings of the technological part of the design documentation, factory price lists and stock exchange lists of wholesale prices for equipment.

Note!

The cost of equipment, determined on the basis of wholesale prices for industrial products, includes the costs of delivering equipment to the construction warehouse, costs of containers, packaging, supply and marketing margins, costs of completing equipment and procurement and storage costs.

Due to high inflation and instability, it is impossible to develop unit prices for certain types of work, the cost of machine hours, operated machines and mechanisms, and determine the level of wages. In this regard, coefficients for estimated prices approved by the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation in 2001 are applied.

The coefficients show the change in value relative to the specified price level, taken as the base.

Correction coefficients (indices) are developed by regional construction pricing centers (RCCP), which publish a Collection of coefficients for recalculating the estimated cost of construction and installation work once a quarter, and in Moscow - monthly.

Our dictionary

Current price level— the level of cost determined on the basis of prices in force at the time of determining the cost.

Basic cost level— cost level determined on the basis of estimated prices. Designed to compare the results of investment activities over different periods of time, economic analysis and determination of value at current prices.

The method of drawing up estimates using previously approved unit prices and bringing them to the price scale of the current period using indices is called base-index.

Another common budgeting method is resourceful: for each type of work, according to the GESN-2001 collections, the necessary material and technical resources, the time spent on operating machines and mechanisms, and the labor costs of workers are determined in natural meters. Prices and tariffs for the specified resources are accepted current, that is, at the time of drawing up the estimate, or with a forecast for their possible change.

The resource method allows you to fairly accurately determine the estimated cost of construction at any point in time. The required resources are established based on the project documentation.

In this case, a local resource statement is first compiled, and then, based on it, a local estimate calculation is made.

Object estimate calculations

Object estimate calculations (estimates) are compiled for the construction of each individual building and structure on the basis of local estimates (estimates) for individual types of work and costs for buildings, structures and general site work and determine the total amount of all costs associated with the construction of the facility.

Estimated calculations (estimates) included in the site estimates, agreed upon with contracting construction organizations, are the basis for determining the estimated cost of the facility under construction.

Object estimates take into account the cost of all types of construction and installation work, the cost of equipment, fixtures and inventory.

To determine the full estimated cost of an object, funds to cover limited costs are additionally included in the object estimate at current prices:

• to increase the cost of work performed in winter, and other similar costs included in the estimated cost of construction and installation work;
• other work and costs, which are determined as a percentage of the cost of each type of work, costs or the total of construction and installation work according to all local estimates;
• a reserve of funds for unforeseen work and costs, provided for in the consolidated estimate of the cost of construction, to reimburse the contractor’s costs, the amount of which is determined by separate agreement between the customer and the contractor.

If the cost of an object can be determined from a local estimate, an object estimate is not drawn up. In this case, the role of the object estimate is played by the local estimate, which indicates funds to cover limited costs in the same order as for object estimates.

For your information

In the object-based estimate, indicators of unit cost per 1 m 3 of volume, 1 m 2 of area of ​​buildings and structures, 1 m of network length, etc. are ultimately given.

Site estimates drawn up according to working drawings, agreed upon with the construction contractor and approved by the customer, are the basis for payments for work performed. The correctness of determining the price of construction products, and therefore the results of the production and economic activities of contractors, depends on the quality of object estimates.

Summary estimate

The consolidated estimate of the cost of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures or their queues determines the estimated limit of funds required to fully complete the construction of all objects provided for by the project. It is compiled on the basis of object estimates (object estimate calculations) and estimates for additional costs not taken into account in object and local estimates.

Based on the approved consolidated estimate of the cost of construction, the limit of capital investments in financing construction is determined.

Each line of the summary estimate corresponds to the data of the object estimate (object estimate) for individual objects, work and costs and has a link to the number of the specified documents.

In the consolidated estimate, a separate line provides for a reserve of funds for unforeseen work and costs:

• no more than 2% - for social facilities;
• no more than 3% - for industrial facilities.

When compiling a summary estimate, current prices are used.

An approximate list of chapters of a consolidated estimate of the cost of industrial and housing and civil construction:

• Preparing the construction site.
• Main construction objects.
• Objects for auxiliary and service purposes.
• Energy facilities.
• Transport and communication facilities.
• External networks and structures of water supply, sewerage, heat supply and gas supply.
• Improvement and landscaping of the territory.
• Temporary buildings and structures.
• Other work and costs.
• Contents of the directorate (technical supervision) of the enterprise under construction.
• Training of operational personnel.
• Design and survey work, designer's supervision.

An explanatory note is attached to the summary estimate submitted for approval as part of the project, which contains:

• reference to the territorial area where the construction is located;
• the level of estimated prices in which the calculation was made;
• a list of catalogs of estimate standards adopted for drawing up estimates for the construction of facilities;
• name of the general contractor;
• features of determining the estimated cost of construction work;
• features of determining the estimated cost of equipment and its installation.

Note!

In practice, when constructing large facilities, in addition to capital investments in the construction of the facility itself, capital investments are provided in the construction of a base for the needs of the construction of this structure.

For this purpose, separate consolidated estimates are drawn up for housing and civil construction and for the creation of a construction industry base, which are included in the cost summary along with the consolidated estimate for industrial facilities. The total estimated cost of construction in these cases is determined by a cost summary combining two or more summary estimates.

If several investors are involved in the construction of objects, then based on the results of the consolidated estimate, the costs of each shareholder's share in the construction are indicated.

We make an estimate

Let's look at the methodology for drawing up cost estimates using an example.

Example

The customer of the work on landscaping the courtyard area is the district government, the contractor is a contracting organization that is engaged in landscaping and landscaping of the territory.

Work on the facility is carried out on the basis of a contract and estimate documentation.

Road work and landscaping of the area are planned.

At the first stage, the contractor draws up a list of planned types of work, indicating their volume and method of execution (Table 2).

table 2

List of planned types of work

Name of work and costs	Unit	Quantity	Technique
Men at work
Construction of driveways covered with asphalt concrete:
soil development h = 0.60 m
installation of a sand base layer h = 0.30 m			Sandblasting machine ABSC-1028, compressor TM
installation of a layer of rigid laid concrete h = 0.16 m			Mechanical compactor IE-4502, dump truck KAMAZ-6520, concrete pump BN-80
installation of a layer of bitumen mastic 0.6-0.8 l/m 2			Bitumen pump DS-125
installation of an asphalt concrete layer h = 0.07 m			Mixing plant, paver, dump truck
installation of side stone
landscaping
Lawn installation
soil development h = 0.40 m			59 kW (hp) bulldozer, excavator with 0.25 m 3 bucket, dump trucks
			Dump truck, milling cutter, self-propelled electric milling cutter
sowing lawn grass seeds
			Watering machine ZIL, lawn mower
Tree planting
Cutting down dried and diseased trees and shrubs			Chainsaws
Including delivery of planting material			Dump trucks
Improving the mechanical composition and fertility of plant soil			Mounted tiller, cultivator
planting trees with a clod measuring 0.8×0.8×0.5 m, including:
Norway maple with crown (4-6 years, height - 1.5-3 m)
jasmine (height - 3.0-3.5 m)
post-planting care			Watering machine ZIL

Based on the list of planned types of work, material costs (Table 3) and wages of workers participating in the project (Table 4) are calculated.

The statement of material costs indicates the amount of materials needed for landscaping work and their cost at current prices.

Table 3

Material cost calculation sheet

Type of material	Unit	Quantity	Unit cost, rub.	Total cost, rub.
Directions
fine-grained asphalt concrete
rigid concrete
Total
Lawns
fertile soil
lawn grass seeds
Total
Trees
Norway maple
Total

The payroll statement indicates:

• volumes of work performed by the contractor's employees;
• hourly tariff rate;
• additional salary;
• wage fund (payroll) for each type of work. Calculated using the formula:

Additional wages are calculated only for heavy work and amount to 15% of the basic wage.

Table 4

Employee payroll sheet

Name	Scope of work	Standard time, h	Hourly tariff rate, rub.	Additional payments, rub.	Payroll fund, rub.
Construction of driveways covered with asphalt concrete
soil development h = 0.60 m (m 2)
installation of a sand base layer h = 0.30 m (m 2)
installation of a layer of rigid laid concrete h = 0.16 m (m 2)
installation of a layer of bitumen mastic 0.6-0.8 l/m 2 (m 2)
installation of an asphalt concrete layer h = 0.07 m (m 2)
installation of side stone (rm)
Total
Lawn installation
soil development h = 0.40 m
creating a soil layer h = 0.2 m
preparation of the root layer of soil with the addition of plant soil h = 0.2 m
sowing lawn grass seeds
lawn care (watering, double mowing)
Total
Tree planting
cutting down dried and diseased trees and shrubs
including delivery of planting material
improving the mechanical composition and fertility of plant soil
Total
Total

The estimate also includes the costs of maintenance and repair of special equipment used in construction - bulldozers, excavators, dump trucks.

Here is a calculation of the cost of 1 machine-hour of bulldozer operation. The initial data are presented in table. 5, calculation results are in table. 6.

Table 5

Data for calculating 1 machine-hour of bulldozer operation

Indicators	Unit	Sum
Book value
Useful life
Number of hours worked per month
Annual cost of machine maintenance and repair
Tariff rate for wages
Cost of 1 liter of fuel
Consumption rate of lubricants per 100 liters of fuel consumption
Cost of 1 liter of lubricants
Overhead rate		90% of the wage fund

Table 6

Calculation sheet for 1 machine-hour of bulldozer operation

No.	Indicator name	Unit	Calculation	Total
	Initial cost
	Depreciation
	Useful life
	Monthly depreciation
	Hourly depreciation		129 032,26 / 166
	Maintenance and repair costs
	Annual norm
	Annual costs		8,000,000 × 0.24
	Monthly costs
	Hourly costs
	Salary (driver salary)
	Tariff rate, rub./hour
	Insurance premiums
	Hourly wage
	Fuel costs
	Fuel consumption rate per 1 machine-hour
	Cost of 1 liter of fuel
	Hourly fuel cost
	Lubricant costs
	Oil consumption rate per 100 liters of fuel
	Oil consumption rate in accordance with fuel consumption rate
	Hourly costs for lubricants
	Overheads
	Total cost of 1 machine-hour		777,30 + 963,85 + 190 + 476 + 57,8 + 135

The standard working time for a bulldozer for constructing driveways covered with asphalt concrete is 20 hours, for landscaping the area - 5 hours. Accordingly, the costs for maintenance and repair of the bulldozer will be:

• when performing road work - RUB 51,999. (RUB 2,599.95 × 20 hours);
• lawn installation - RUB 12,999.75. (RUB 2,599.95 × 5 hours).

An excavator and dump trucks were also involved in the improvement work. Maintenance and repair costs will be:

• when performing road works:

excavator - 48,250 rubles;

dump trucks - 60,230 rubles;

• lawn installation work:

excavator - 10,150 rubles;

dump trucks - 12,350 rubles;

• tree planting work:

dump trucks - RUB 12,350.

Based on the calculations, we will draw up local estimates for each type of work (Table 7-9), taking into account that:

• overhead costs - workers;
• other expenses - ;
• estimated profit - 15% of total costs;
• VAT - 18% of total costs + estimated profit.

Table 7

Local estimate for the installation of asphalt concrete pavement of the roadway, sidewalks and paths

expenditures	Amount, rub.	Note
Material costs		Page 1 statement of material costs
		Page 1 payroll statements
Overheads		20% of labor costs
other expenses		2% of workers' compensation costs
Total costs:
Estimated profit		15% of the total cost
Total according to estimate	273 367,24

Table 8

Local estimate for lawn installation

expenditures	Amount, rub.	Note
Material costs		Page 2 statements of material costs
Labor costs		Page 2 payroll statements
Social service contributions		Calculation of insurance premiums from wages
Costs for maintaining construction equipment		Sheets for calculating machine hours of equipment operation
Overheads		20% of labor costs
other expenses		2% of workers' compensation costs
Total costs		The sum of all the above costs
Estimated profit		15% of the total cost
		15% × (total cost + estimated profit)
Total according to estimate	148 742,94

Table 9

Local estimate for planting trees and shrubs

expenditures	Amount, rub.	Note
Material costs		Page 3 statements of material costs
Labor costs		Page 3 payroll statements
Social service contributions		Calculation of insurance premiums from wages
Costs for maintaining construction equipment		Sheets for calculating machine hours of equipment operation
Overheads		20% of labor costs
other expenses		2% of workers' compensation costs
Total costs:		The sum of all the above costs
Estimated profit		15% of the total cost
		15% × (total cost + estimated profit)
Total according to estimate	21 174,81

Local estimates are combined into an object estimate, which summarizes the amounts of expenses for each type of work from the local estimates.

The object estimate for landscaping the courtyard area is presented in table. 10.

Table 10

Object estimate for landscaping the courtyard area

expenditures	Amount, rub.
Material costs
Labor costs
Social service contributions
Costs for maintaining construction equipment
Overheads
other expenses
Total costs:
Estimated profit
Total according to estimate	443 284,98

So, the cost of improvement work according to the site estimate amounted to 443,284.98 rubles.

Based on the winning tender, the contractor entered into an agreement with the municipality for the improvement of the yard area in the amount of RUB 443,284.98.

Conclusion

Preparation of estimates is important for the business activities of a company. The main purpose of the estimate is to determine the amount of standard resources to complete the task. Well-written estimate documentation with a clear template and understandable structure, especially for the construction industry, is the basis for the success and profitability of the company.

Drawing up and subsequent filling out an estimate is rightfully considered the most important stage of any construction or repair work. In most cases, the design of a building or structure is completed by drawing up estimate documentation. In the case of performing small amounts of work, for example, repair or finishing, when the project is not being developed, an estimate is also necessary. This is explained by the fact that it serves as initial information for the development of many related documents necessary and important for the effective organization of work, in particular, a work schedule and a delivery schedule for the necessary materials and mechanisms.

Drawing up estimates will become a much simpler process if you entrust this task to professionals.

Form and sample estimate for work

Essentially, the document in question consists of two parts:

• calculation of direct costs, which are determined based on 2001 prices and are converted into current prices by multiplying by the corresponding price increase index, established quarterly. Direct costs consist of the following elements:
  • Cost of materials;
  • basic salary of workers;
  • costs for EMM (operation of machines and mechanisms necessary to perform work), including salary for machinists;
  • calculation of overhead costs and estimated profit, made taking into account the standards in force at the time of drawing up the estimate.

The disadvantage of this method is that the 2001 prices used when using it often do not take into account the realities of today, since at the time of compilation many technologies and materials simply did not exist. However, for the construction of budget facilities and most private large construction projects, there is no alternative to the base-index method today.

How to make an estimate for a job

As an example of a simplified form of an estimate for the renovation of a room, you can give the following table.

	Name of works			Price per unit	Cost of work
	Dismantling partitions
	Removing the balcony door
	Construction of partitions from foam blocks
	Plastering partitions and walls
	Putty, primer and painting of plastered surfaces
	Balcony door installation
	Plastering door and window slopes
	Putty, primer and painting of window and door slopes
	TOTAL according to estimate				139 080=

The importance of competent preparation and execution of estimates

As already noted, filling out an estimate allows you not only to get an approximate amount that construction or a certain amount of work will cost. This value is necessary to determine the contract price of an object or stage of work, both for the customer or investor, and for the contractor, that is, the direct manufacturer.

But in addition to this direct functional purpose, a competent and modeled estimate will allow you to plan the work in such a way that it is completed as quickly as possible and at a lower cost. In addition, the estimate also helps to determine the need for the necessary materials, which, in combination with the work schedule, will allow us to develop a schedule for their delivery.

Main objectives of the estimate

Developing and filling out an estimate allows you to solve three most important tasks at once, always facing any contractor and customer:

• determining the cost of construction or carrying out any work. In modern conditions, the estimated price is the most important parameter, vital for all participants in the construction process. The customer is interested in not overpaying, and the contractor is interested in receiving a decent reward for the work. A well-prepared estimate allows you to take into account the wishes of both parties and get an amount that suits everyone;
• development of a calendar plan. The timing of the construction of a building or the completion of any work is often no less important to the customer than its cost. The timely delivery of the object and, naturally, the receipt of remuneration, possibly with a bonus, depend on this. An estimate for work, made according to the sample, provides builders with all the necessary information to develop a schedule;
• development of a materials supply schedule. When the estimate is filled out correctly, the need for materials and mechanisms becomes clear, which, in combination with the calendar plan, makes it possible to draw up another document that is important for the smooth work of builders - a materials supply schedule. Effectively operating construction organizations do not purchase materials for the entire project at once - this simply freezes money that could be much more efficiently spent on something more important at the moment, and also requires significant costs for warehousing, etc. Also, any downtime of equipment and workers is extremely unprofitable, which is fraught with equally serious additional costs.

As a result, we can say the following: drawing up an estimate allows you not only to understand the cost of construction or a separate stage of work, but also to effectively plan their implementation.

Base-index method of drawing up and filling out estimates

There are several different methods for generating estimated costs. When constructing large objects, when filling out estimates takes place as part of project development, the base-index method is almost always used. In this case, the estimate standards of 2001 and conversion indices to current prices are used for calculations.

Simplified estimate form

Quite often, especially when construction or repairs are carried out on a self-employed basis or on small projects, a simpler estimate form is used, which consists only of calculating direct costs. It contains a list of the scope of work and prices for them, which can be divided into the same components as in the version described above: salary of workers, cost of materials and, if necessary, costs of machinery and mechanisms. In this case, the estimate form, after it has been completed and filled out, will look as shown in the following photo:

When drawing up and filling out such a simplified version of the estimate, the contractor’s profit is established on the basis of his negotiations with the customer or construction investor.

Form of object estimate for work performance

Quite often, especially when constructing large objects, several so-called local estimates are drawn up at once, that is, separate calculations for each type of work performed. In this case, to obtain the total cost of construction, they are combined into a general object estimate, a sample form of which is shown in the following photo.

Object estimate

Drawing up and filling out a project estimate allows you to bring together all the information about the facility under construction, even when individual stages of its construction are carried out by different contractors. Often local estimates are also calculated by them. Therefore, summarizing all the disparate data is extremely important for any customer or investor.

Programs for drawing up and filling out estimates

Currently, there are many programs that are used in preparing estimates. With some degree of convention, they can be divided into two groups:

Free. They are posted online on thematic resources. Are freely available.

Professional. Used for work by specialists. To use, you must purchase a distribution kit of the service product.

In the first case, there is no particular need to describe programs, since they appear almost constantly, having similar parameters:

• the ability to perform the simplest calculations;
• lack of updating of regulatory frameworks (if they exist at all);
• minimal functionality.

Professional estimate programs are used much more actively, since without them it is almost impossible to compile high-quality documentation for any large object. The most popular products at the moment are the following:

GRAND Estimate

According to experts, the most widely used estimate program. Its advantages are the ability to automate the entire complex of estimate work, the speed of making changes to the regulatory framework and effective technical support of the product.

Smeta.ru

The only program that really competes with the GRAND Estimate described above. The main advantage of the product is its ease of use, which allows you to work with it without having the professional knowledge of an estimator.

1C: Contractor (or 1C: Construction Organization Management)

These programs are not purely budgetary. However, they are quite popular due to the fact that 1C is used for accounting at the vast majority of Russian enterprises, including construction ones. The software products in question help to draw up the necessary estimate documentation; as a bonus, they are integrated into the company’s unified work management system.

Turbo estimator

The program is easy to learn and use, yet has quite serious functionality. It is not used as often as compared to GRAND Smeta and Smeta.ru.

WinSmeta, Rick and Bagheera

Software products whose peak popularity is in the past. However, a certain number of professional estimators still continue to use them, which is explained by a number of undoubted advantages: wide functionality, editing capabilities, adjustments, etc.

Basic mistakes when drawing up estimates

There are several main types of errors that occur when drawing up and processing estimates in practice. The most typical are the following:

Error 1. Insufficient detail or excessive enlargement of the estimate. Any well-written estimate must contain a complete list and volume of work performed and, accordingly, prices for them. In practice, often the customer and the contractor, having found out that the price level suits both parties, agree on the cost of a stage of work, for example, the renovation of one room. As a result, in fact, we get a situation where the actual amount of work performed does not coincide with what was initially expected. The result is a conflict situation, since it is not clear how to evaluate the increase or decrease in cost of work;

Error 2. Inaccurate accounting of volumes. The basis for the construction estimate must be a correctly and accurately compiled bill of quantities; in the case of repairs, a defective bill of quantities. In both situations, the result of drawing up the estimate depends on the correctness of their preparation. An error at first can lead to a fairly serious distortion of the final cost of the calculation, since in most cases multiplication occurs by various indices and prices, so the magnitude of the error increases all the time;

Error 3. Incorrect application of prices contained in GESNs and TERs. One of the main problems of the basis-index method, the most common in real life, which was mentioned above, is the discrepancy between the available types of work and those that are encountered in practice. Therefore, quite often it is necessary to use the existing prices “as applicable”. This is a special term coined by estimators for such a situation. The more “as applicable” prices are used when filling out an estimate, the more likely it is that the final figure will be incorrect. Naturally, it is worth taking into account the fact that customers try to use low “applicable” prices, and contractors, on the contrary, are the most profitable.

In any case, the preparation and execution of estimates should be considered an important and extremely necessary preparatory stage of any construction in modern conditions. It is better to entrust its implementation to professional and trained estimators, which will not only create the optimal cost of work for the customer and contractor, but also organize their effective implementation in the shortest possible time and at the lowest possible cost.

The construction of any large facility, the monetary investment in which is very large, must be carried out with a calculation of the cost of all materials, work and services, the price tag for the rental and operation of the special equipment used. That is why in the construction industry special calculation documents are used - estimates, which outline all the costs for the construction of a certain property.

For your reference, we present this document. Our focus is on the estimate for the construction of a private house, a sample of which is presented below.

Before the construction of any house, an estimate for its construction is calculated, one copy of which is handed over to the customer. It most fully describes where and for what purposes the funds allocated for construction will be spent.

Even when constructing a very small object on his garden plot, the customer has the right to request an estimate for its construction. This article will describe and present sample estimates for building a house from different materials.

Composition of the document and who can develop it

Typically, the estimate is based on the design documentation of the facility under construction. It describes the list of materials needed for construction, their cost, time for work and their labor costs. If during the construction process any special types of work arise, they are also included in the estimate as separate items with a price.

This type of document can be developed either by specialized estimating organizations or by the designers themselves, who, along with the design of the project, are able to calculate the cost of its construction. Before work begins, the customer has the right to view the approximate estimate for construction and estimate his financial capabilities. This is very convenient, because you can make adjustments to the documentation in order to use cheaper materials or reduce the size of the future structure. How to make an estimate for building a house? The sample will help you understand everything.

We can handle it ourselves

To independently assess the cost of a future residential building or construction on your site, the easiest way is to follow standard samples and calculate prices for materials and work. The article presents several estimates for different buildings. All that remains is to substitute your length values, types of materials used, and their cost. For example, below are examples of estimates for the construction of a residential building.

It is most convenient to make such calculations in Excel spreadsheets. However, here lies the difficulty. All types of work must be presented in prices in the same currency.

In what cases are several estimates drawn up?

If the construction of the house was completed on a turnkey basis, then the customer only needs to require one document regarding the costs incurred. If several contractors are hired to perform different jobs, and exactly the same number of estimates are drawn up.

Any estimate is drawn up on a standard form, which outlines all the work performed, its price and the cost of the materials used. In order to have a good understanding of this issue, we present to your attention samples of estimates for the construction of a house made of timber, foam blocks and frame type with a detailed description.

Estimate for the construction of a house made of timber. Preparatory stage

Before making basic financial calculations, you need to pay attention to the layout of such a house. You should take into account the number of rooms in the project, the overall dimensions of the structure and how many total square meters it will occupy. The next stage is to identify the main groups of expenses. There will be several of them:

• Costs of purchasing the main one The main one in a particular case will be timber. Depending on the type of wood, its cross-section, and operational characteristics, the total cost of this group of expenses will be determined.
• Costs of other materials to build a house. This will include roofing, floor boards, and various materials for covering the walls of the building.
• Costs of finishing materials. These are various paints, parquet, wallpaper with tiles.
• Foundation costs. This part of the structure should be separated into a separate group and the amount of material and its cost with delivery, as well as payment for the work of contractors, should be calculated.
• Communication costs. This includes gasification, electricity, water supply and sewerage.

It is worth noting that the above cost calculations are almost similar to those that make up the estimate for the construction of a wooden house (you can see a sample in the photo below).

Detailed analysis of available information

So, the initial stage has been completed, the main groups of expenses have been outlined in a document such as an estimate. A sample will be given below, and let’s look at the collected data. At this stage, it is necessary to distribute all collected cost groups among the structural elements of the future home - costs for the foundation, walls, roof and finishing.

The most important thing is that when making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the architectural features of the future structure, the design direction, the format of the roof, the types and number of future communications, the need to use special equipment and attract professional builders, as well as the costs of delivering materials to the construction site and removing construction waste.

Moreover, it is necessary to take into account the costs of conducting various examinations at the construction site and the remuneration of designers.

Estimate calculation

To correctly calculate investments in a timber house under construction, it is necessary to correctly determine the amount of materials, costs for transportation services and installation types of work.

When calculating the costs of materials, it is necessary to take into account the following basic parameters: type, unit price, required quantity and total cost for the entire volume. The costs of transport and work of loaders are added as a separate line to this amount.

The main material is timber. The first step is to calculate the number of beams needed to build a house. They are usually sold in cubic meters. And here it can be difficult to compare the number of cubes to the actual amount of timber.

But it's not a problem. First you need to calculate the total perimeter of the structure, then multiply the resulting value by its height. And the resulting product must be multiplied by the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam. Thus, the total volume of material in cubic meters required for construction will be obtained.

We include this figure in the estimate, having previously calculated it at the market price.

Calculation of costs for foundation, roofing and finishing materials

First of all, you need to calculate the dimensions of the foundation, from which the volume of material required will be clear. To do this, the perimeter of the base of the house is multiplied with the height and thickness of the future foundation. The result is volume data. All that remains is to find out the market value of one cubic meter of concrete and multiply it by the resulting value.

Roofing materials are considered very easy. The total roof area of ​​the house is taken from the design documentation, the cost of one square meter of the required roof is monitored, and then these data are multiplied.

Calculating the cost of finishing is the most painstaking, since a variety of materials are used. You will need to multiply the covered wall area by the cost of one square meter of each material separately.

So, in conclusion, you need to calculate all costs and derive the overall result. As you can see, a very important and informative document - the estimate for the Sample will help you complete the entire procedure as quickly as possible and without errors.

Estimate for the construction of a frame house

Calculating the costs of constructing a frame house is not much different from that for a house made of timber. The only difference will be in the material. First you need to determine the shape and dimensions of the future structure. You also need to take into account the costs of the foundation, walls and roof, the cost of loading work, and it would be a good decision to allocate a certain percentage of funds for unforeseen costs. These are the main points that should be included in a document such as an estimate for the construction of a frame house (see sample below).

Foam block house

Before drawing up an estimate, you need to decide on the types of materials that will be used for construction. Blocks for building houses come in three types - foam concrete, aerated concrete and expanded clay concrete. The best choice for construction in terms of performance characteristics would be aerated concrete. Its price tag on the domestic market is not particularly high. If we consider a house with an area of ​​about three hundred square meters, then the total cost of aerated concrete will result in thirty thousand rubles per square. Recently, foam concrete has become popular.

When calculating the estimate, the techniques discussed above are used. A sample estimate is given below.

Mandatory paragraphs of the document

Each construction estimate, regardless of the structure and the material used, must contain the main points. This is, first of all, the cost of materials (both basic and finishing), which should be included in any estimate for building a house. The sample given in the article shows that it should indicate the amount of costs for transport and loading work, the cost of paying a team of craftsmen, and unforeseen expenses.

At the end of the calculations, the final figures are given. They are divided into the amounts of direct costs, basic wages, equipment use, cost of materials and labor costs, overhead costs and planned allowances (profit of the developer company).

We reviewed samples of estimates for building a house from different materials above. They are not very different from each other and have similar composition methods.

Finally

In order to draw up a construction estimate, it is not necessary to involve specialists. You can do it on your own. To do this, you don’t need much - having a calculator, a project for your future home and monitoring market tariffs for building materials will be enough. The sample estimates for building a house given in the article will also be useful. Even in the absence of professional skills, it is possible to see an approximate picture of total costs and significantly minimize them. If you have doubts about the correctness of your own calculations, you can contact specialists.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in such a document as an estimate for building a house (see sample above). Good luck in compiling it!

The construction of a house or building begins with calculations and drawing up an estimate, taking into account the materials used, the work performed and the cost of renting special equipment. That is why in construction it is customary to use estimates that clearly reflect the financial costs of constructing a specific object. The estimate applies to all types of buildings. In this article we will tell you what a house estimate is and how it can be calculated, as well as how much it costs to calculate an estimate.

Composition of the construction estimate

An estimate for the construction of a house is the main document for specialists; without it, not a single developer will carry out the construction of a building. The main financial costs fall on the purchase of building materials and additional elements for them. When calculating estimates, you should take into account such parameters as:

• volume of planned work;
• technology used;
• construction time;
• number of specialists on the project;
• volume and terms of financing of the facility.

These criteria will allow the customer to monitor the timing of the construction process and check certain types of work. The main task that the estimate for building a house solves is:

• adherence to a clear work schedule;
• amount of financing during the period of work.

To perform calculations, the customer can submit applications to several companies at once; to do this, it is necessary to conclude an agreement for the preparation of the document. As a result, a house estimate compiled by different specialists will differ in the final cost, this is due to the fact that each company contributes its suppliers of materials and specialists performing the work. After reviewing several documents, you can compare and choose for yourself the most optimal option in terms of money and without compromising the future design.

Be sure to include minor or unexpected expenses at 15% of the total cost of the property. This may include transportation costs, payment for obtaining various certificates related to construction.

Acquisition of land and performing calculations

Construction costs, as a rule, begin with the inclusion of the cost of the land plot in the expenditure part of the document. Land is acquired in several ways that do not contradict the law:

• purchase of a plot from the previous owner;
• redemption from state property;
• obtain a plot of land free of charge, subject to the availability of free land.

When purchasing a plot of land, be sure to draw up an agreement; this document will help you avoid fraudulent transactions and protect you legally. The contract must contain:

• subject of the agreement: purpose of the site, its category and total area;
• the price of the plot agreed upon by the sellers and the buyer.
• When the transaction has already been completed, state registration of the transfer of ownership rights is carried out. For this, the following documents are submitted to the justice system:
• application-registration;
• receipt of payment for registration of the site;
• purchase and sale agreement;
• passport and additional identity documents;
• cadastral plan.

The entire package of documents is accepted by the relevant authority and the decision is made within the period established by law, which is one month.

For information! When several construction processes are carried out by different contractors, it is necessary to prepare estimates for construction work for each type of work.

The price of such a document can vary from 9 to 40 dollars, because... The calculation depends on the number of positions in the document. The period for drawing up documentation is from 1 day, depending on the urgency.

How to make an estimate

Calculating future construction costs is a matter for specialists, but if you are confident in your abilities, you can draw up an estimate for construction yourself. The photo shows an example of an estimate for the construction of a frame house. Procedure for drawing up the document:

• decide on the amount of materials;
• find the necessary equipment;
• negotiate with construction specialists.

When you already have an idea of ​​what the house will be built from, what it will look like, in which part of the site it will be located, what materials will be used, it will not be difficult to calculate the final amount. It is worth noting that there are now a large number of construction forums on the Internet where you can download a blank estimate document form or compose it yourself in an office program.

So, how to make an estimate for the construction of a wooden house? To prepare a cost estimate you must:

• Decide on the sequence of actions, understand what work should be entrusted to construction organizations, and what you can do yourself.
• The following is the calculation of the estimate, depending on the use of construction technologies. It consists of determining the volume of building materials and structures and their application.
• When all this data is already available, you can find a company providing construction services, look at the prices, and find out the cost of materials and work.
• Next, the component takes all the obtained values ​​and transfers them to its table, where the totals will be summed up for each type of work or product.
• When all the data is filled in in the columns: name, cost of work, unit of measurement, you can perform a general summation of the project. For convenience, you can put the final figure on the right side of the table; for this you need to configure the formula. This calculation can be performed for a structure made of any material and design.

In a similar way, they calculate the amount of materials and the amount of work for all types of houses, regardless of what they are built from.

Cost calculation for foundation, roofing and finishing materials

The estimate for construction work must necessarily contain information about the foundation, roofing and finishing materials; these items are the most expensive. In order to understand how to calculate the volume of material for the foundation of a house, you should multiply the perimeter, height and thickness of the foundation. As a result, we will get the volume and find out the cost of 1 cubic meter. m of concrete and multiply it by the resulting value. It is very easy to calculate the roofing material; for this you need to take the total roof area and the cost per 1 sq.m. from the project for the house. material, and then multiply them together. Calculating the cost of finishing is the most troublesome task; for this you will need to multiply the wall area by the cost of 1 sq.m. each type of product.

We invite you to watch a video that shows how to calculate estimates