Change in initial cost in tax accounting. Increase in the value of fixed assets

This article describes the method of reflecting an increase in the initial cost of fixed assets in 1C: Accounting 8. All operations related to modernization are considered, as well as its consequences (in particular, changes in the useful life of fixed assets, the procedure for calculating depreciation in tax and accounting). The second part of the article is devoted to reflecting the costs of modernization, completion and additional equipment of fixed assets when applying a simplified taxation system with the object of taxation “income reduced by the amount of expenses.”

Example 1

Construction objects

Collection of modernization costs

Rice. 1

Construction objects: Computer;
Expenditures: ;
Construction methods: Contracting.

Rice. 2

Construction objects: Computer;
Expenditures: cost accounting item for modernization of fixed assets;
Construction methods: Contracting.

Rice. 3

Scheme

...for tax accounting purposes

Modernization of OS when applying the general taxation regime

When reflecting transactions related to an increase in the initial cost of fixed assets and a change in their useful life in accounting, one should be guided by PBU 6/01 (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n) and Methodological guidelines for accounting of fixed assets (approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n), and when reflected in tax accounting - Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

According to the rules established by the listed acts, changes in the initial cost of fixed assets at which they are accepted for accounting are allowed in the case of completion, additional equipment, reconstruction, modernization, partial liquidation and revaluation of fixed assets. At the same time, the costs of modernization and reconstruction may increase the initial cost of fixed assets of such an object if, as a result of modernization and reconstruction, the initially adopted standard performance indicators (useful life, power, quality of use, etc.) of such a fixed asset are improved (increased). Similar rules are established for tax accounting.

The useful life in accounting must be revised if, as a result of reconstruction or modernization, there has been an improvement (increase) in the initially adopted standard indicators of the functioning of a fixed asset item. If the useful life of a fixed asset in accounting increases, it can also be increased for tax accounting purposes, but only within the limits established for the depreciation group in which such a fixed asset was previously included.

In the 1C: Accounting 8 program, the document “OS Modernization” is used to reflect the increase in the initial cost of fixed assets for accounting and tax accounting, as well as to change their useful life. Let's consider the method of reflecting an increase in the value of a fixed asset using an example.

Example 1

The organization purchased a computer in January 2008 worth 20,000 rubles, with a useful life of 60 months. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method in both accounting and tax accounting. In May of the same year, it was decided to increase the computer's RAM capacity. The amount of modernization expenses (both for accounting and tax purposes) amounted to 1,500 rubles. (excluding VAT). This amount was made up of the cost of the RAM module (1,200 rubles) and the cost of installing it in the computer system unit, performed by a specialist from a service company.
The useful life did not change as a result of modernization.

Construction objects

Before increasing the cost of a fixed asset, it is necessary to first collect the costs associated with its modernization at the construction site. To accumulate such costs, account 08.03 “Construction of fixed assets” is intended, which allows you to conduct analytics on construction projects, cost items and construction methods. In our case, we should create a construction object for which the costs of upgrading the computer will be collected. It is convenient to enter the name of the construction project the same as that of the fixed asset for which costs are accumulated. This will make it easier to find and increase the visibility of analytical information.

Collection of modernization costs

Goods purchased from third-party suppliers are registered using the document “Receipt of goods and services” with the transaction type “purchase, commission”. In our example, on the “Products” tab of this document, you should fill in information about the memory module being registered. Since the module is intended for equipment modernization, it can be taken into account on account 10.05 “Spare parts” (see Fig. 1).

Rice. 1

Services for installing a memory module can be reflected in the same document, on the “Services” tab.

In this case, the construction object accounting account should be specified as a cost account. In our example, this will be invoice 03.08 with the following analytics:

Construction objects: Computer;
Expenditures: cost accounting item for modernization of fixed assets;
Construction methods: Contracting.

The cost of a registered memory module after its installation in the computer system unit should also be attributed to the “Computer” construction project. This can be done using the document “Request-invoice” (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2

As a cost account, you need to specify the construction project accounting accounts with the corresponding analytics for accounting and tax accounting. In our example, this will be invoice 08.03 with the same analytics that were used when registering services for installing a memory module:

Construction objects: Computer;
Expenditures: cost accounting item for modernization of fixed assets;
Construction methods: Contracting.

When posting the document, a posting will be made relating the cost of the memory module from the credit of account 10.05 to the debit of account 08.03. As a result, all costs for upgrading the computer will be collected in account 03/08.

Increase in initial cost

After the costs related to the modernization of a fixed asset are allocated to the construction site, you can fill out the “OS Modernization” document, with the help of which the amount of such costs will be transferred from the construction site to the fixed asset.

In the "Event" input field, you need to select an event that characterizes the modernization of a fixed asset. The selected event when posting a document is entered into the information register "Events with fixed assets". Using this register, you can obtain information about all events that occurred with the fixed asset by setting up the appropriate selection. The event type must be "Upgrade". If an event with this type is not in the directory, it needs to be created.

In the “Object” input field, you should select the construction object at which the costs for modernizing the fixed asset were collected.

On the "Fixed Assets" tab in the tabular section, you should list the fixed asset objects being modernized. To do this, it is convenient to use the “Selection” button located in the command panel of the tabular section. In our example, the main tool “Computer” is being upgraded (see Fig. 3).

Rice. 3

After selecting fixed assets in the “OS Modernization” document, you can automatically fill in the remaining columns of the tabular section based on the program data. To do this, click on the “Fill” button in the command panel of the tabular part of the document, and select “For OS list” in the drop-down menu.

If several fixed assets are selected in the tabular part of the OS Modernization document, then the amount of costs accumulated at the construction site will be distributed among these fixed assets in equal shares.

Then, on the “Accounting and Tax Accounting” tab, you should indicate the total amount of costs (for both accounting and tax accounting) accumulated at the construction site. After the accounts for accounting of construction projects are indicated (in our example, 03/08), you can click on the “Calculate amounts” button in the “OS Modernization” document and the corresponding fields will be filled in automatically by the program.

After filling out the document, you can print out the acceptance certificate for repaired, reconstructed, modernized fixed assets (form No. OS-3).

When posting, the “OS Modernization” document transfers the amount of costs from the credit of the construction projects accounting account to the debit of the fixed assets accounting account. In our example, the following postings will be made:

Debit 01.01 Credit 08.03 - in the amount of 1,500 rubles.

The corresponding entry will be generated in tax accounting.

Features of calculating depreciation after modernization...

...for accounting purposes

According to the clarifications of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, in accounting, when the initial cost of an item of fixed assets increases as a result of modernization and reconstruction, depreciation should be calculated based on the residual value of the item, increased by the costs of modernization and reconstruction, and the remaining useful life (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 23, 2004 No. 07-02-14/144).

Consequently, after the modernization, the cost must be calculated, which will serve as the basis for further depreciation. It is defined as follows - see diagram.

Scheme

The amount received is reflected in the column "Residual value (BC)". In our example, this amount will be 20,166.68 rubles. (20,000 - 999.99 - 333.33 + 1,500).

When carrying out the “OS Modernization” document, the residual value and remaining useful life are remembered. In our example, the remaining useful life is 56 months. (60 - 4).

The new value and the new useful life for calculating depreciation are applied starting from the month following the month in which the modernization was carried out.

In our example, starting from June 2005, the amount of depreciation charges for accounting purposes will be 360.12 rubles. (20,166.68:56).

...for tax accounting purposes

The procedure for calculating depreciation after modernization for tax accounting purposes differs from how it is accepted in accounting. The rules for calculating depreciation in tax accounting are established by Article 259 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Starting from the month following the month in which the modernization was carried out, the changed original cost and useful life are used to calculate depreciation.

In our example, starting from June 2005, the amount of depreciation deductions for tax accounting purposes will be 358.33 rubles. (21,500.00: 60).

It remains to add that after the expiration of its useful life, the cost of the computer in tax accounting will not be fully repaid, since over 60 months the depreciation amount will be 21,399.80 rubles. (333.33 x 4 + 358.33 x 56).

The remaining 100.20 rubles. will be included in the depreciation amount calculated in the 61st month of using the computer.

Accounting for modernization costs when applying the simplified tax system

When reflecting operations related to the modernization, completion and additional equipment of fixed assets, accounting should be guided by PBU 6/01, and for the purpose of calculating the single tax paid in connection with the application of the simplified tax system, Chapter 26.2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

In the 1C: Accounting 8 program, the document “OS Modernization” is intended to reflect the modernization, completion and additional equipment of fixed assets.

Example 2

The organization purchased a computer in January 2008 worth 20,000 rubles, with a useful life of 36 months.
In April of the same year, it was decided to increase the computer's RAM capacity. The amount of modernization costs amounted to 1,500 rubles. This amount was made up of the cost of the RAM module (1,200 rubles) and the cost of installing it in the computer system unit, performed by a specialist from a service company.

Collection of modernization costs

Before increasing the value of a fixed asset, it is necessary to first collect the costs associated with its modernization. To accumulate such costs in accounting, account 08.03 “Construction of fixed assets” is intended. Analytical accounting on the account is carried out for construction projects. To account for modernization costs, the object of analytical accounting will be “Installing memory in the i1000 computer.”

Let's create this object in the "Construction Objects" directory.

The purchase of a memory module from a third party and services for its installation are reflected in the document “Receipt of goods and services” with the type of operation “Construction objects”.

On the "Construction Objects" tab we indicate the cost of the memory module.

Services for installing a memory module are reflected in the same document on the “Services” tab.

In this case, the construction object accounting account should be specified as a cost account. In our example, this will be invoice 03.08 with the following analytics:

Construction objects: Installing memory in an i1000 computer;
Expenditures: cost accounting item for modernization of fixed assets;
Construction methods: Contracting.

For all expenses for the construction of fixed assets or their modernization (services of third-party organizations, write-off of materials, compensation of employees), it is mandatory to indicate “Not accepted” as the procedure for reflecting expenses in tax accounting.

This is due to the fact that such expenses are not accepted in the usual manner, but reduce the tax base as part of the cost of a constructed fixed asset or modernization carried out according to the rules that are provided for expenses for the acquisition, construction and modernization of fixed assets.

Increase in the initial cost of a fixed asset

After the costs related to the modernization of a fixed asset are allocated to the construction site, you can fill out the document “OS Modernization”.

In the "Event" input field, you need to select an event that characterizes the modernization of a fixed asset.

The event type must be "Upgrade". If an event with this type is not in the directory, it needs to be created.

The specified event will be used in the name of the expense object in the book of income and expenses.

In the “Object” input field, you should select the construction object at which the costs for modernizing the fixed asset were collected.

On the “Fixed Assets” tab in the tabular section, you should list the fixed assets that are being modernized (see Fig. 4).

Rice. 4

Then, on the “Accounting and Tax Accounting” tab, you should indicate the total amount of costs (for both accounting and tax accounting) accumulated at the construction site.

After the accounts for accounting of construction projects are indicated (in our example, 03/08), you can click on the “Calculate amounts” button and the corresponding fields will be filled in by the program automatically.

In the expense payment table, you must provide information about all payments, indicating the date and amount of payment.

If payment to the supplier is made after the document “OS Modernization” is issued, such payment must be registered with the document “Registration of payment for OS and intangible assets for the simplified tax system and individual entrepreneurs”, for which the document provides a special tab “OS Modernization”, on which you can specify the modernization document.

Recognition of expenses for modernization of fixed assets

Recognition of expenses for modernization, completion and additional equipment of fixed assets is carried out in the same manner as the recognition of expenses for the acquisition of fixed assets - at the end of the reporting period with the document “Closing the month” (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5

As a result of the document, expenses will be recognized separately for the acquisition of a fixed asset and for its modernization, and the following records will be generated:

in section I of the Book of Income and Expenses;
in section II of the Book of Income and Expenses.

As a result, having generated the Book of Income and Expenses for the half-year, we will obtain a calculation of expenses for fixed assets.

In a situation where primary documents arrive late in the company’s accounting department, there is a need to adjust the accounting. We will tell you how to do the right thing if the initial receipt received at the wrong time affects the formation of value fixed assets.

Late documents are just a thread, and if you pull it, you will have to unravel a whole tangle of problems. This means that the accountant will have many questions. What documents need to be corrected? In what period should corrections be made - current or past? Should I submit updated declarations? Let's find the answers together.

Initial OS cost

In accounting, the initial cost of fixed assets acquired for a fee consists of the actual costs of their acquisition, construction and production (clause 8 of PBU 6/01, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n). VAT and other refundable taxes are not included in the initial cost (except for cases provided for by law) (about the problems associated with the distribution of VAT when purchasing fixed assets, if a company combines two tax regimes, read in the journal “Actual Accounting” No. 5, 2008). A similar definition of the initial cost of a fixed asset is also found in tax legislation (clause 1 of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

So, when registering a fixed asset, its initial value will be formed, which, when put into operation, will be reflected in the acceptance and transfer certificate of fixed assets (forms No. OS-1, OS-1a, OS-1b, approved by the Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21. 2003 No. 7), and an inventory card (forms No. OS-6, OS-6a). At the same time, the amount of monthly depreciation charges will be determined. Thus, if documents affecting the initial cost of the property are received with a delay, a number of adjustments will have to be made.

The delay of documents may be due to external circumstances: the documents were delayed, for example, by the seller or transport organization, the papers were sent by mail, etc. But the reason may also be internal to the company - a violation of the document flow procedure.

Particular attention should be paid to the situation when, before receiving all the documents, the cost of the operating system was less than 20,000 rubles and it was written off as expenses. After receiving the documents, it turned out that the cost of this asset was more than 20,000 rubles and it needed to be transferred to depreciable property (clause 1 of Article 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Thus, expenses that should actually be included in the original cost and depreciated were written off as a decrease in profit.

How to correct your own and others' mistakes

Let's figure out what an accountant should do if he fails to timely receive documents that affect the initial cost of fixed assets (diagram below).

1. We make corrections to the primary:

If expenses were to affect the cost of a fixed asset when putting it into operation, you will have to correct the OS-1 act and the inventory card in a corrective way;

If the documents are related to changes in the cost of the operating system as a result of modernization or additional equipment, you need to make the corresponding entries only in the inventory card.

2. Correct in the appropriate order (clause 11 of the instructions, approved. by order

Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n ):

If the documents refer to the current year, we make corrections with the current date;

If the documents relate to last year, but the annual reports have not yet been approved, the adjustment must be made in December of last year;

If the documents relate to last year, but the reports have already been submitted, we correct them with the current date.

Wherein:

We adjust the initial cost of the fixed asset;

We calculate the new - corrected amount of depreciation charges and make the necessary corrections in accounting.

Example

In May 2008, the company purchased equipment requiring installation in the amount of 1,000,000 rubles. (including VAT – RUB 152,542). The installation of the equipment was completed in June. The cost of work carried out by contractors amounted to 70,000 rubles. (including VAT – 10,678 rubles). The useful life of the equipment is set at 5 years. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method.

The following entries were made in accounting:

May 2008

DEBIT 07 CREDIT 60

– 847,458 rub. – equipment requiring installation has been taken into account;

DEBIT 19 CREDIT 60

– 152,542 rub. – reflects the amount of VAT on purchased equipment.

Let us remind you that VAT can be deducted at the time the equipment is accepted for accounting in the account (clause 1 of Article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation; letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 12, 2006 No. 03-04-11/193).

– 152,542 rub. – accepted for deduction of VAT on equipment accepted for accounting;

DEBIT 60 CREDIT 51

– 1,000,000 rub. – payment is transferred to the equipment supplier;

DEBIT 08 subaccount “Purchase of fixed assets” CREDIT 07

– 847,458 rub. – the equipment has been handed over for installation.

June 2008

DEBIT 08 subaccount “Purchase of fixed assets” CREDIT 60

– 59,322 rub. – installation costs charged by the contractor are taken into account;

DEBIT 19 “VAT on purchased assets” CREDIT 60

– 10,678 rub. – the amount of VAT on installation work is reflected;

DEBIT 68 subaccount “VAT calculations” CREDIT 19

– 10,678 rub. – VAT is credited to the cost of installation work;

DEBIT 60 CREDIT 51

– 70,000 rub. – paid for the installation work of the contractor.

The initial cost of the equipment should include the cost of installation:

847,458 + 59,322 = 906,780 rub.

DEBIT 01 CREDIT 08

– 906,780 rub. – the cost of commissioned equipment was reversed;

DEBIT 01 CREDIT 08

– 919,492 rub. (906,780 + 12,712) – reflects the cost of the equipment put into operation.

DEBIT 20 CREDIT 02

– 30,226 rub. (15,113 rubles. 2 months) – the accrued amount of depreciation is excluded;

DEBIT 20 CREDIT 02

– 30,650 rub. (RUB 15,325. 2 months) – depreciation has been accrued.

3. We make corrections to tax accounting. In tax accounting, if identified errors relate to previous tax (reporting) periods, recalculation of the tax base and tax amount must be done for the period in which these errors were made (clause 1 of Article 54 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

This means you need:

Correct the amount of expenses for the period to which they relate;

Correct the amounts of monthly accrued depreciation.

4. We correct. If the corrections affected the value of the fixed asset in accounting and affected the amount of accrued depreciation, the property tax will also have to be recalculated. After all, the base for this tax - the average annual value of property - is formed on the basis of the residual value of fixed assets, calculated according to accounting data.

accounting (clause 1 of article 374, clause 1 of article 375 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

To do this, you need to make corrective entries and submit updated declarations for all periods that have passed before the corrections were made. Since the accrued tax amount on

property is included in expenses (clause 1 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), then the changes made will affect income tax.

5. We recalculate income tax and submit updated declarations for all periods that have passed since the amendments were made in tax accounting.

Expertise of the article: Yu.V. Volkova, Legal Consulting Service GARANT, professional accountant-expert

Business under threat

Many have learned from their own experience thatthat Russian Post is not working as well as we would like. But what can we say about the delivery of personal correspondence, when even documents from the tax office and law enforcement agencies arrive very late. Postal delays sometimes threaten not only huge fines, but also the cessation of business, as, for example, in the case of one insurance company. In March 2006, Rosstrakhnadzor sent her a letter listing violations in the formation of insurance reserves and demanding that the shortcomings be eliminated. But the company received this correspondence only in June. During this time, Rosstrakhnadzor managed to first stop the company’s license and then finally revoke it. It should be said that in the resulting court proceedings, the arbitrators were not impressed by the insurers' arguments regarding the fact that they never received any letter. As a result, the actions of Rosstrakhnadzor were recognized as legal. And this despite the fact that the Podolsk post office itself admitted its guilt, for which its director was fired. A representative of Russian Post said that in such cases they are always ready to testify in court. Although the court did not admit the mail was at fault, the insurance company was asked to seek compensation for losses.

PreparedYulia Grigorova

Cases in which it is possible to change the initial cost of fixed assets are given in paragraph 14 of Instruction No. 26. These include:

1) reconstruction (modernization, restoration) of fixed assets, carrying out other similar work;

2) revaluation of fixed assets in accordance with the law;

3) other cases established by law.

In essence, the list of such cases has not changed. It is only necessary to clearly know their rationale, because not in all cases it is contained in Instruction No. 26.

Let us provide a comparative table to the above.

Until 2013 (Instruction No. 118*)	From January 1, 2013 (Instruction No. 26)
The initial cost of fixed assets is not subject to change, except in the following cases:
1) modernization, reconstruction, partial liquidation, additional equipment, completion, technical diagnostics and corresponding examination, other capital works;	1) reconstruction (modernization, restoration) of fixed assets, carrying out other similar work;
2) revaluation of fixed assets in accordance with the law;	2) revaluation of fixed assets in accordance with the law;
3) inclusion at the end of the reporting year in the cost of fixed assets, costs incurred (accrued) after the commissioning of fixed assets and separately accounted for during the reporting year as investments in non-current assets: a) exchange rate differences from the revaluation of accounts payable for obligations related to the acquisition of fixed assets, and amount differences arising in the settlement of obligations related to the acquisition of fixed assets (with the exception of organizations financed from the republican and (or) local budgets based on budget estimates having a current account with bank institutions and maintaining accounting records in accordance with the Chart of Accounts for accounting for the execution of cost estimates of organizations financed from the budget); b) expenses associated with the purchase of foreign currency for making payments when making capital investments in fixed assets.	3) other cases established by law: a) differences arising during the revaluation of property and liabilities in foreign currency are attributed by commercial organizations to accounts payable (including loans received, borrowings and interest on them), accounts receivable for advances issued for the performance of work and the purchase of equipment and materials arising when making capital investments in unfinished construction projects, fixed assets after commissioning (transfer) of fixed assets and into operation - at the end of the reporting quarter and (or) year for the cost of fixed assets (except for interest on loans and credits received). Justification: sub. 1.2.3 Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated June 30, 2000 No. 15 “On the procedure for revaluing property and liabilities in foreign currency when the National Bank changes foreign exchange rates and reflecting exchange rate differences in accounting” (hereinafter referred to as Decree No. 15); b) expenses associated with the purchase of foreign currency, in the amount of the difference between the purchase rate and the National Bank rate at the time of purchase, are written off by commercial organizations for settlements when making capital investments in unfinished construction projects, fixed assets (including those used for these goals for loans, credits and interest on them) after the commissioning (transfer) of fixed assets into operation - at the end of the reporting quarter and (or) year for the cost of fixed assets (except for interest on loans and credits received).
4) Interest on loans and borrowings received for the purchase of fixed assets, accrued after the commissioning of fixed assets, in accordance with the accounting policies of the organization, can be accounted for as part of: Operating expenses; Investments in non-current assets during the year and at the end of the reporting year are included in the cost of fixed assets (with the exception of interest on overdue loans and borrowings).	4) Interest on loans and borrowings received for the acquisition (creation) of fixed assets, accrued after the acceptance of fixed assets for accounting, organizations have the right to take into account during the reporting year as part of investments in long-term assets and at the end of the reporting year include them in the initial (revalued) cost of fixed assets. Justification: Resolution of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Belarus dated March 11, 2013 No. 16, which applies to relationships arising from January 1, 2013, and is valid until January 1, 2015.

_____________________________

* Instructions for accounting of fixed assets, approved by Decree of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Belarus dated December 12, 2001 No. 118.

Impairment of fixed asset

Organizations have the right, based on the decision of the manager, to reflect in the accounting records at the end of the reporting period the amount of depreciation of a fixed asset, which is equal to the amount of excess of the residual value of the fixed asset over its recoverable value.

Signs of impairment of fixed assets that must be determined for the period from the beginning of the year to the reporting date:

1) a significant (more than 20%) decrease in the current market value of a fixed asset;

2) significant changes in the technological, market, economic environment in which the organization operates;

3) increase in market interest rates;

4) a significant change in the method of using a fixed asset;

5) physical damage to the fixed asset;

6) other signs of impairment of fixed assets.

To reflect the amount of impairment it is necessary to have:

a) documentary evidence of signs of impairment of fixed assets;

b) the possibility of reliably determining the amount of impairment.

If there are signs of impairment of a fixed asset, the organization must determine its recoverable amount at the end of the reporting period. It is the greater of the current market value of the fixed asset minus the estimated costs directly related to its sale and the value in use of the fixed asset.
Conditions under which an asset is considered impaired:

The concept of recoverable amount and its assessment, reflected in Instruction No. 26, is also defined in the international financial reporting standard (IAS 36) “Impairment of assets”.

The value in use of a fixed asset is the present (discounted) value of future cash flows from the use of the fixed asset and its disposal at the end of its useful life (clause 16 of Instruction No. 26).

The present (discounted) value of future cash flows from the use of a fixed asset and its disposal at the end of its useful life is determined by multiplying the discount rate by the amount of future cash flows from the use of a fixed asset and its disposal at the end of its useful life. In this case, future cash flows are determined for a period of no more than 5 years (clause 16 of Instruction No. 26).

The refinancing rate established by the National Bank can be used as a discount rate.

If signs of impairment of a fixed asset in the reporting period cease to occur, then, based on the decision of the head of the organization, the accounting at the end of the reporting period reflects the amount of restoration of impairment of the fixed asset within the accumulated amount of impairment for this fixed asset.

The amount of impairment of a fixed asset accounted for at historical cost is reflected by recording:

D-t 91 “Other income and expenses” - D-t 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” (separate sub-account).

The amount of reversal of impairment of a fixed asset accounted for at historical cost is reflected by the entry:

Dt 02 (separate subaccount) - Kt 91.

Example 1
On the organization's balance sheet, a computer purchased in 2009 is listed as a fixed asset. The Commission on Depreciation Policy reflected in the protocol signs of depreciation of this fixed asset. The decision to reflect in the accounting records the amount of depreciation of this fixed asset at the end of the reporting period was formalized by order of the manager. The residual value of the computer is 2,000,000 rubles. The market value of the computer is documented and equal to 1,000,000 rubles, the estimated costs of implementation, according to the calculations of the organization's economist, will be 20,000 rubles. According to the accounting policy of the organization, the refinancing rate of the National Bank is used as the discount rate (C)
(30% per annum). The amount of expected future cash flows (D) from the use and disposal of the computer is 200,000 rubles. over the next 2 years.

It is necessary to determine the recoverable cost (RC) of the computer.

BC = RS - RR - C,

where: RS - market value,

РР - sales costs,

V - the value of using a computer.

C = discounted value (DS) = = D / (1 + C / 100)t, where t is the period for which the sum of expected cash flows is calculated. For this example t = 2.

DS = 200,000 / (1 + 0.3)2 = 118,343.

BC = 1,000,000 - 20,000 - 118,343 = 861,657.

The amount of depreciation of the computer will be RUB 1,138,343. (2,000,000 - 861,657).

In accounting, this amount is reflected as follows:

D-t 91-4 - K-t 02 (sub-account “Depreciation of fixed assets”).

Reflection of the revaluation of fixed assets during their revaluation

The emergence of the concept of impairment of fixed assets in 2013 led to a change in the reflection of the revaluation of fixed assets.

If there was a previous impairment...

If, as a result of revaluation, the organization restores the amount of depreciation of a fixed asset previously reflected on account 91, then when reflecting the results of the revaluation, the following entries must be made:

Dt 01 "Fixed assets" - Kt 91
- by the amount of restoration of the depreciation of the original cost of the fixed asset;

Dt 91 - Kt 02
- for the amount of restoration of accumulated depreciation markdown;

Dt 01 - Kt 83 "Additional capital"
- for the remaining amount of additional valuation of the initial cost of the fixed asset;

Dt 83 - Kt 02
- for the remaining amount of accumulated depreciation of the fixed asset.

If there was no impairment...

If there was no depreciation of the fixed asset, then the entire amount of the revaluation of this fixed asset, determined during the revaluation, must be reflected in traditional entries:

Dt 01 - Kt 83
- by the amount of additional valuation of the initial cost of the fixed asset;

Dt 83 - Kt 02
- by the amount of additional valuation of accumulated depreciation of fixed assets.

Organizations must apply these rules starting with the revaluation, which will be carried out as of January 1, 2014, if the necessary conditions are met.

Based on the results of the revaluation, a depreciation of the fixed asset was established

The amount of depreciation of a fixed asset established during its revaluation is included in the reduction of the additional fund within the existing balance for this fixed asset (subclause 18.2, clause 18 of Instruction No. 26). This norm puts forward a requirement for organizations, starting from 2013, to maintain analytical accounting for account 83 by name of fixed assets. In addition, the amounts of revaluations of the original cost and accumulated depreciation reflected in account 83 for all previous periods must be reflected in the context of each fixed asset listed on the organization’s balance sheet as of January 1, 2013. At the moment, Instruction No. 26 and other normative -legal acts do not contain information on how to deal with the revaluation amounts reflected in account 83 for fixed assets disposed of before 2013.

When depreciating a fixed asset, you should reflect:

Dt 83 - Kt 01
- by the amount of depreciation of the original cost within the existing balance of the additional fund for this fixed asset;

D-t 02 - K-t 83
- by the amount of the discount on accumulated depreciation within the limits of the available balance of the additional fund for this fixed asset;

Dt 91 - Kt 01
- for the remaining amount of depreciation of the original cost of the fixed asset;

Dt 02 - Kt 91
- for the remaining amount of the writedown of accumulated depreciation on the fixed asset.

If for a fixed asset there is no balance of the additional fund formed as a result of previously carried out revaluations of such an asset, then the entire amount of the depreciation of the fixed asset should be reflected in account 91.

Example 2
When revaluing fixed assets as of January 1, 2014, the company applied the direct valuation method. The initial cost of the fixed asset - a profiling machine - before the revaluation was 100 million rubles, the residual value was 60 million rubles. The revalued value, according to the appraiser's conclusion, amounted to 90 million rubles, the residual value after revaluation was 54 million rubles. The balance on account 83 for the profiling machine is 5 million rubles. In accounting, on December 31, 2013, account entries must be made.

The balance on account 83 is formed as a result of the difference between the amounts of revaluations of the original cost and depreciation. The residual value of the machine in this example is 60%.
Based on the results of the revaluation, it is necessary to discount the original cost by 10 million rubles. (100 million - 90 million), the amount of depreciation - by 4 million rubles. ((100 million - 60 million) - (90 million - 54 million)).

The following must be reflected in the accounting:
Dt 83 - Kt 01- 8,333,333 rub. (5,000,000 × 100 / 60)
- the amount of depreciation of the original cost within the balance of the additional fund for the machine;

D-t 02 - K-t 83- RUB 3,333,333 (8,333,333 - 5,000,000 or 8,333,333 × 40 / 100)
- markdown of accumulated depreciation within the balance of the additional fund for the machine;

Dt 91 - Kt 01- 1,666,667 rub. (10,000,000 - 8,333,333)
- the remaining amount of the depreciation of the original cost of the machine;

Dt 02 - Kt 91- 666,667 rub. (4,000,000 - 3,333,333)
- the remaining amount of depreciation of the accumulated depreciation of the machine.

Example 3
Let's use the data from example 2.

When revaluing fixed assets as of January 1, 2015, the revalued cost of the profiling machine amounted to 110 million rubles. The amount of depreciation after revaluation is 55 million rubles.

Dt 01 - Kt 91- 1,666,667 rub.
- restoration of the depreciation of the original cost of the fixed asset;

Dt 91 - Kt 02- 666,667 rub.
- restoration of the markdown of accumulated depreciation;

Dt 01 - Kt 83- 18,333,333 rub. (110,000,000 - 90,000,000- 1,666,667)
- the remaining amount of additional valuation of the initial cost of the fixed asset;

Dt 83 - Kt 02- 18,333,333 rub. (55,000,000 - 36,000,000 - 666,667)
- the remaining amount of accumulated depreciation of the fixed asset.

Last updated:

In some cases, the initial cost of fixed assets may be changed (increased or decreased). The lists of such situations in accounting and tax accounting differ:

A situation in which the original cost of a fixed asset changes	According to accounting rules, the cost of a fixed asset	According to tax accounting rules, the cost of fixed assets
Modernization (technical re-equipment) of fixed assets
Reconstruction of fixed assets	Increases (clause 14 PBU 6/01)	Increases (clause 2 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation)
Completion or retrofitting of fixed assets	Increases (clause 14 PBU 6/01)	Increases (clause 2 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation)
Partial liquidation of a fixed asset	Decreases (clause 14 PBU 6/01)	Decreases (clause 2 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation)
Revaluation of fixed assets	Increases (clause 14 PBU 6/01)
Depreciation of fixed assets	Decreases (clause 14 PBU 6/01)	Does not change (clause 1 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation)

Modernization, reconstruction, completion and additional equipment

Modernization and reconstruction are usually understood as improving the quality characteristics of a fixed asset (for example, increasing its capacity, service life, etc.). Completion and retrofitting is a change in the technological or service purpose of equipment (buildings, structures) associated with increased loads or other new qualities (for example, an increase in the usable area of the building).

The costs of modernization, reconstruction, completion and additional equipment of fixed assets are not included in tax accounting expenses at a time, but are attributed to the increase in their original cost and are written off gradually through depreciation. This rule also applies in accounting.

Example. Increase in initial cost

JSC Aktiv owned a machine whose initial cost was 145,000 rubles.

The company decided to improve the technical characteristics of the machine by replacing the engine with a more powerful one. The work was carried out by a third party company. The cost of the work (including the cost of new parts) was 12,000 rubles. (including VAT - 2000 rubles).

The amount of modernization costs is 10,000 rubles. (12,000 - 2000) the Aktiva accountant increased the initial cost of the machine. It became equal both in tax and accounting to 155,000 rubles. (145,000 + 10,000).

Depreciation on such a fixed asset in accounting and tax accounting will be calculated based on its new value.

The company has the right to use the depreciation bonus when calculating “new” depreciation. That is, in the month when the modernization took place, the company can write off 10% or 30% of the costs spent on modernization as tax expenses (clause 9 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). And the rest of them will be depreciated. For more information about this, see the section “Company Expenses” → subsection “Production and Sales Expenses” →.

There are situations when completion, additional equipment, reconstruction or modernization are carried out in relation to a fully depreciated fixed asset. In this case, for tax accounting purposes, the initial cost of such a fixed asset is increased. At the same time, the cost of completed construction, additional equipment, reconstruction, modernization will be depreciated according to the rates that were determined when this fixed asset was put into operation, when it was assigned to a certain depreciation group (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 25, 2015 No. 03-03-06 /1/16234).

If the work on the reconstruction of a fixed asset was carried out free of charge, that is, the owner had no expenses, there is no reason to increase the initial cost of the object. But the market value of these works should be taken into account by the recipient as part of non-operating income (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 1, 2015 No. 03-03-06/1/50225).

Partial liquidation

A fixed asset can be partially liquidated (for example, some equipment can be removed from a machine, part of a building can be dismantled, etc.). In this situation, the original cost of the fixed asset decreases.

In tax accounting, costs for partial liquidation of fixed assets are taken into account as part of non-operating expenses and reduce the taxable profit of the company (clause 1 of Article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In accounting they are reflected as other expenses.

Materials that remain after partial liquidation of a fixed asset are accounted for at market price. Their cost is reflected in non-operating income and increases taxable profit. This rule is used in both accounting and tax accounting.

Example

JSC Aktiv is liquidating the structure attached to the warehouse building.

The cost of the warehouse building is RUB 1,600,000.

The inventory cost of the extension is RUB 200,000.

The costs associated with the liquidation of the extension (costs of dismantling equipment, dismantling the building, etc.) amounted to 4,000 rubles.

As a result of partial liquidation, materials worth 6,000 rubles were capitalized.

The accountant will include in non-operating expenses:

200,000 rub. - the amount from writing off the inventory value of the extension;
4000 rub. - the amount of expenses associated with the liquidation of the extension.

The accountant will reflect 6,000 rubles in non-operating income. - the amount for capitalized materials received during the liquidation of the extension.

As a result, the cost of the fixed asset will decrease by 200,000 rubles. both in accounting and tax accounting.

Please note: depreciation on a fixed asset that has undergone partial liquidation will be calculated in accounting and tax accounting based on its new value. For more information about this, see the section “Company expenses” → subsection “Production and sales expenses” → situation “Depreciation and depreciable property”.

Revaluation

Once a year, each company can revaluate the value of its fixed assets. Accounting rules provide that revaluation is carried out at the end of the calendar year, and fixed assets are reflected in the balance sheet based on current market prices.

However, keep in mind: the revaluation does not affect the value of fixed assets at which they are registered in tax records. Whether the value of fixed assets has increased or decreased as a result of an “accounting” revaluation, in tax accounting you must charge depreciation in the same order and in the same amounts as before the revaluation.

Reconstruction, modernization, completion, retrofitting

Expenses associated with the reconstruction, modernization, completion or additional equipment of fixed assets increase their initial cost. At the same time, the amount of depreciation on such fixed assets accrued before their reconstruction (modernization, completion, additional equipment) does not change.

Reconstruction and modernization - this is a complete or partial reconstruction and re-equipment of buildings, structures and other fixed assets. Reconstruction leads to a change in their main technical or economic indicators (for example, an increase in computer RAM).

Completion - construction of new parts of buildings, structures and other construction projects. The newly constructed parts must form a single whole with the fixed asset object, that is, their separation from each other without damage is impossible.

Retrofitting - addition of fixed assets with new (additional, and not in replacement of existing) parts, parts and other mechanisms that will form a single whole with this equipment, give it new functions or change its performance indicators (useful life, power, quality of use, etc.) .P.). For example, retrofitting is the installation of a built-in modem into a computer for communication via the telephone network.

These expenses are reflected on account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" subaccount "Increase in the value of fixed assets" by posting:

Debit 08 subaccount "Increase in the cost of fixed assets" Credit 10 (23, 29, 60, 69, 70, 71...) - expenses for reconstruction (modernization, completion or additional equipment) of fixed assets are reflected;

Debit 01 Credit 08 subaccount “Increase in the cost of fixed assets” - the initial cost of the fixed asset was increased after the work was completed.

Such expenses may not be included in the cost of fixed assets if they are not capital in nature. These expenses are considered non-capital if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

as a result, the performance indicators of the fixed asset do not improve or improve only slightly;

expenses are not related to construction or installation work;

The service life of additional components, assemblies and parts does not exceed one year.

In this situation, the costs of reconstruction, modernization, completion or additional equipment of fixed assets are taken into account as expenses.

Revaluation

The organization has the right to revalue fixed assets no more than once a year (at the beginning of the reporting year).

Please note: if an organization has revalued once, it will have to be done regularly in the future.

If, as a result of revaluation, the value of fixed assets has increased, then the amount of the increase is credited to account 83 “Additional capital”. The following entries are made in accounting:

Debit 01 Credit 83 - the cost of a fixed asset has been increased as a result of revaluation;

Debit 83 Credit 02 - additional depreciation of fixed assets was accrued as a result of its revaluation.

During revaluation, you can increase the value of those fixed assets that were previously discounted. Then the amount of the revaluation, equal to the amount of the previous depreciation, is taken into account as part of retained earnings. The excess of the revaluation amount over the depreciation amount is included in additional capital.

If, as a result of revaluation, the value of fixed assets has decreased, then the amount of the decrease is debited to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss).”

This is reflected by the postings:

Debit 84 Credit 01 - a fixed asset item that was not previously undervalued was discounted;

Debit 02 Credit 84 - depreciation of a discounted object, which was previously not undervalued, was reduced.

During the revaluation, it is possible to reduce the value of those fixed assets that were previously overvalued. Then the amount of the markdown equal to the amount of the previous revaluation reduces the additional capital.

The excess of the depreciation amount over the revaluation amount is debited to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss).”

Partial liquidation

A fixed asset can be partially liquidated (for example, blocks are removed from a computer, equipment is removed from a machine, part of a building is dismantled, etc.). As a result, the original cost of the fixed asset will decrease.

The depreciation amount for a fixed asset that has been partially liquidated does not change.