Content

The global financial system is constantly improving. The main priority of banks and legal entities is the security and speed of transactions. Because of this trend, non-cash funds have become very popular. What is a non-cash payment and what are the methods for making it?

What is cashless payment

The presented payment format is implemented by money transfers through bank accounts without the use of paper currency and coins. It can be used by legal entities, individuals and entrepreneurs. The concept of non-cash payments implies the use of payment cards, bills and checks to carry out transactions. The transfer of payments occurs between the parties to the property relationship or with the help of an additional entity represented by a credit institution.

Essence

Organizing financial transactions using this type of payment is beneficial to banks and the state, because allows you to avoid a sharp increase in treatment delays. The essence of non-cash payments is the implementation of payments by transferring currency to accounts intended to replace cash. By using a non-cash form of payment at an enterprise, you can get rid of cash registers and comply with the rules for their use.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of this payment method is its flexibility. Non-cash money can be stored in special accounts for an unlimited time. Bank documents can be connected to the transaction at any time. They establish and confirm the fact of the transaction. Enterprises that use non-cash payments are freed from the need to constantly transfer money to the bank.

The main disadvantage of the method is its dependence on the bank. A non-cash transfer cannot be carried out if the holder of the funds has problems with their turnover. Owners of regular and special accounts will have to pay the bank a commission for transactions performed. The pros and cons of non-cash payments compensate each other, making this payment method the most convenient in the realities of our time.

Forms of non-cash payments

The characteristics, structure, and meaning of payment transactions are determined by their type. Depending on the variety, they can be used by enterprises and individuals. In the Russian financial system, the following forms of non-cash payments are distinguished:

• transfers using payment requests and orders;
• letter of credit payments;
• payments through check books;
• collection settlements;
• payments by electronic money transfer;
• money transfers by direct debit.

Types of non-cash payments

Payments of this type are classified according to various criteria. Depending on the economic nature, remittances are needed to pay for non-commodity transactions and to purchase goods or services. Payments can be intra-republican and interstate. Funds transferred within the state are divided depending on the region and locality. The following types of non-cash payments are also distinguished:

• guaranteed, in which the collateral is the funds reserved in the budget account;
• non-guaranteed;
• transfers with instant debiting of funds from the account;
• payments with deferred transfer of money.

Methods

Payment documents represent legally formalized demands, instructions and orders for the transfer of funds for the receipt of goods, services, and works. They can be implemented in the form of collection orders, bank transfers, letters of credit. Depending on the type of payment document, contact and contactless methods of non-cash payments are distinguished. These include:

• payments using a bank card through POS terminals;
• transferring money from cards using Pay Wave/PayPass technology;
• payments using card details, often used to pay for services via the Internet and purchase goods in stores;
• sending money through online wallet systems (QIWI, WebMoney, Skrill, etc.), where special terminals or transfers from bank cards are used to top up the balance;
• Internet banking services offered to users of Sberbank and other financial organizations;
• payments using NFS technology via smartphone.

Cashless payment system

It is based on bank accounts with settlement documents. The non-cash payment system must work as quickly as possible in order to quickly execute payment orders, open accounts for new clients, and maintain a continuous flow of funds. If economic authorities come to an agreement, then payments can be made bypassing the bank.

Principles of organization

The presented payment method is one of the important tools for the development of the country's market economy. It is voluntary in nature, allowing you to transfer and receive wages, savings from deposits and other income without visiting financial institutions. Continuity of money transfers is ensured by the principles on which the organization of non-cash payments is based:

1. Enterprises and organizations participating in operations themselves choose their form, regardless of the scope of their activities.
2. The client's rights to manage funds are not limited.
3. Transactions are implemented on a first-come, first-served basis.
4. Payments are transferred from account to account if funds are available.

Implementation principles

Compliance by business firms and banks with established rules ensures that this type of payment meets modern requirements such as reliability, efficiency, and speed of transactions. For this purpose, principles for implementing wire transfers were developed. The procedure for making non-cash payments is determined by the following principles:

• The principle of acceptance. Without obtaining the consent or notification of the cash account holder, funds cannot be debited. This rule even applies to requests from government agencies.
• The principle of freedom of choice. Payment participants can conduct transactions in any form convenient for them. Financial organizations cannot influence the choice of non-cash payment methods.
• The principle of legality. All operations must be carried out within the framework of current legislation and regulated by it.
• The principle of urgency of payment. Any transfer of funds must be carried out within the time frame established by the payer. If they were violated, then sanctions fall on the bank.

These principles not only lie in making payments without withdrawing currency, but also in their implementation. The payer's current account must always have the required amount of funds to carry out transactions. All transactions are always carried out on the basis of an agreement between the bank and the account holder. You can go beyond the scope of the agreement only if a new contract is concluded with the client.

Rules for non-cash payments

Financial law regulates all monetary transactions between entrepreneurs, individuals and legal entities, shops, and other institutions. For these purposes, rules for non-cash payments were developed, the main one of which states that money should be debited from the client’s account only by his order. Payment documents used for transactions must contain:

• TIN of the account owner;
• name and account number of the credit institution;
• name of the payer's bank;
• account number and BIC of the transfer recipient.

Payment by bank transfer

Money transfer is carried out using one of the methods listed above. The correspondent account reflects the details of the sender and recipient of the funds, the amount of the transfer and the name of the paid service or product. Therefore, if the seller does not fulfill his obligations, the non-cash payment will be returned to the buyer with the exception of the banking system commission.

Refund to buyer

The customer has the right to return or replace goods purchased in the store. Refunds to the buyer by bank transfer are carried out upon presentation of the product, receipt, warranty card, and identity documents. Scans of the listed documents must be sent to the store’s mail. The transfer of funds to a client may be refused in the following situations:

• the product is a food product and is of good quality;
• documents on the transfer of funds are lost;
• the purchase belongs to the list of non-replaceable products.

Purchase returns

Products of inadequate quality must be sent by the client to the store warehouse. The return of goods by bank transfer is stipulated in the contract of each enterprise separately. The company can compensate for the costs of sending the goods if such a clause is included in its rules. Non-cash forms of payment involve the transfer of money to the buyer's current account immediately after sending the products back to the seller.

Video

Found an error in the text? Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we will fix everything!

Being an individual entrepreneur means working for yourself and not depending on others. Today, non-cash payment by individual entrepreneurs is used quite often, since it is very convenient and profitable. Many businessmen are attracted by freedom, but not everyone dares to undertake such a feat as starting their own business. In fact, there is nothing fantastically difficult about entrepreneurship, especially if the businessman is registered as an individual entrepreneur. It offers convenient forms of taxation and a minimum of paperwork.

However, despite all the simplicity, every novice entrepreneur needs to study in detail all the nuances of this type of activity. This will avoid many mistakes and make doing business more convenient.

It will be much easier to do business if a businessman has his own current account. This allows individual entrepreneurs to conduct non-cash payments with clients and suppliers. This form is very convenient, so it is used often. But in order to be able to pay and accept payments not only in cash, but also in non-cash form, you need to open a bank current account.

According to the law, an individual businessman can work without a bank account, but he must acquire one if he wants to be able to enjoy all the benefits of non-cash payments. At the same time, the entrepreneur must take into account that cash payments are limited by Russian legislation. That is, under 1 agreement, a money transfer of no more than 100 thousand rubles is allowed. There is no such problem with non-cash payments, and this is an additional advantage. Under 1 agreement you can receive an unlimited number of transfers. In this case, there will be no need to renew the contract each time upon reaching a certain amount.

How to choose a bank

In order for settlements with clients, suppliers and partners to be as convenient as possible, it is necessary to choose the right financial organization.

It must be a good and reliable bank that enjoys a positive reputation.

There are special resources on the World Wide Web where you can see a list of banks suitable for individual entrepreneurs and read reviews from their clients. This is very convenient and helps you make the right choice.

When selecting a suitable financial institution, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:

• duration of operation of the bank in the Russian Federation;
• availability of Internet banking services;
• network of ATMs and service centers.

As a rule, large banks are more reliable and offer good working conditions for individual businessmen. Internet banking will be convenient for transferring funds from one card to another without leaving your home. It is advisable for a businessman to get himself a separate plastic card, as for an ordinary individual. This will make it more profitable to withdraw funds from the bank. It is advisable to have enough ATMs nearby. It will be very inconvenient if you have to travel to the other end of the city every time to withdraw cash.

Return to contents

Documents for opening an account

To work by bank transfer, a businessman needs to know how to open a bank transfer for an individual entrepreneur. To do this, you must provide a certain package of papers to the financial institution.

For individual entrepreneurs, a copy of the certificate stating that the individual has completed the registration procedure with the tax authority is considered mandatory. In this case, this document must be notarized. In addition, you will need a copy of the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), a civil passport with a double page and registration, and a license if the businessman’s type of activity is subject to licensing.

After submitting a package of documents to the bank, employees of the financial institution must draw up an agreement for the provision of services and issue all the necessary cards and bank details. In some offices this takes a lot of time, sometimes even several days. On average, financial institutions issue all documents within 1 day. However, everything here depends on the efficiency of the bank employees.

As for submitting a package of papers, it is advisable to have with you all the originals for verification and copies, which must be certified by a notary. It is advisable that the applicant be present when submitting documents in person. This is important because he will have to fill out an application with brief information about himself and his business, and also certify all this with a personal signature. Employees of financial organizations are extremely reluctant to have documents handed over by someone other than the entrepreneur himself. This must be taken into account. It is better to set aside some time and visit the bank in person, especially since entrepreneurs, as a rule, are served under special conditions, that is, there should be no queues.

Return to contents

Who needs to be informed about the existence of a current account?

First of all, an entrepreneur must provide his bank account details to his suppliers, partners and other people who will transfer funds to him. At the moment, there is no need for an individual businessman to report his current account to various inspections and organizations.

Just a few years ago, every businessman who registered an individual entrepreneur and a non-cash payment was obliged to report this to the tax office. However, this rule is not mandatory now. It was canceled back in May 2014. Until this point, businessmen had to provide their bank details to the Federal Tax Service within 5 days after opening an account, for which they filled out form C09-1.

The Pension Fund previously had similar requirements. But from May 1, 2014, they were simplified. Now the entrepreneur is not required to inform the Pension Fund about the existence of a current account.

Working by bank transfer is very convenient, but the entrepreneur must take into account all the nuances that relate to the transfer of money. It is important to remember that all payments that an individual businessman will make through his current account must be justified. Bank employees always carefully monitor the rationality of payments. Each procedure must be executed taking into account the payment order and have the name of the payment.

Cashless payment is one of the most convenient payment options; This is their high speed and the almost complete absence of regulatory restrictions in making payments.

Therefore, many companies choose non-cash payments for their purposes, minimizing cash handling.

Moreover, payments through credit organizations are a cheaper option compared to payments through banknotes and coins.

What is non-cash payment?

First of all, this payment format is available to everyone - legal entities, entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens. Non-cash payments are made only through banking and other credit structures that are authorized to carry out banking operations.

In general, non-cash payments are settlements that are realized through the movement of funds through accounts belonging to participants in such settlements.

In fact, funds are debited and credited electronically. At the end of the working day, the account owner is provided with an account statement, which reflects the balance at the beginning and end of the day, as well as all incoming and outgoing transactions. This allows you to control cash flows.

Non-cash payments are regulated in the Russian Federation two main regulations:

• The Civil Code of the Russian Federation - its Chapter 46 “Calculations” sets out the basic provisions on all permitted forms of non-cash circulation;
• Regulations on the rules for transferring funds No. 383-P, which was approved on June 19, 2012. Bank of Russia. This document provides a more detailed description of non-cash forms of payment, as well as requirements for payment documents. This Regulation does not contradict the norms of civil law.

In addition, there is another regulatory act that was approved by the Bank of Russia - the Regulation on the issuance of payment cards dated December 24, 2004. No. 266-P. This document reveals the procedure for acquiring – payments using payment cards for goods and services. Acquiring is a unique form of non-cash payments, which is available primarily to ordinary citizens.

On the basis of these three documents, non-cash circulation is organized and controlled, which is increasingly replacing cash circulation. And there are reasons for this:

• settlements through bank accounts rarely depend on the time of the transaction (i.e., time of day) and geography;
• non-cash payments are much cheaper to service than cash payments;
• in addition, for organizations it is more preferable to make payments through, since such payments have much fewer requirements for registration, organization and accounting than for cash transactions. Therefore, many start-up companies, in order to save money and protect themselves from fines for errors in compliance and in application or non-use, are switching to non-cash payments. Large, experienced companies are also striving for this.

As for ordinary citizens, for them, non-cash payments are convenient, since it is enough to have a payment card to make a payment, and beneficial, because when paying with a card, fees for settlement services are often not charged.

But the state also benefits from the growth of non-cash payments; in particular, the circulation of the money supply is controlled, and a decrease in the amount of cash in circulation reduces the level of inflation.

Kinds. Their advantages and disadvantages

In legal nature there is several forms, in which non-cash payments are carried out.

Molds and tools

In accordance with Bank of the Russian Federation Regulation No. 383-P, these forms include:

• Settlements using a payment order. In this case, a document is drawn up that contains an instruction to the bank, at the expense of the payer’s funds, to transfer the amount specified in the payment document. The transfer is carried out within the time frame and to the person specified in the order. This translation option is considered one of the simplest and most traditional. Valid for 10 days, which does not include the day the document was drawn up. This payment format is available even to an ordinary citizen who does not have a current account. The inconvenience of settlements through payment orders is that if an error is made in the document during execution, it can cause a significant delay in payment or its sending to the wrong recipient of funds;
• Payments via letter of credit. In fact, this is a special account that is used only for settlements on transactions that require the intermediation of the bank. In other words, a letter of credit is an order from the payer to the bank to transfer funds to the recipient only if the latter complies with special conditions, for example, delivery of goods, provision of documents and other conditions. The effect of a letter of credit can be described in simple terms as follows: the buyer opens a letter of credit in his bank and transfers there the cost of his purchase, but the supplier will be able to receive these funds subject to delivery of the goods and transfer of accompanying documents to the bank where the letter of credit was opened. And then the bank transfers funds. The convenience of this form of payment lies in the security of the transaction. But the disadvantage of a letter of credit is its high cost, its isolation from the bank account agreement (the letter of credit is opened separately), the participation of several parties in the transfer of funds: the buyer and the supplier, the issuing bank (it opens the letter of credit) and the executing bank (it executes the letter of credit) . By the way, often one bank can be both the executor and the issuer;
• Settlements through collection orders or collection. Their specificity is that such calculations are possible only if the claimant (recipient) has the rights to make claims against the debtor’s (payer) account. These rights may be provided for by law or by an agreement concluded between the account holder (debtor) and the bank. Collection is inherently demanding. Those. In order to collect the required amount, the recipient of the funds must provide the bank holding the payer's account with the necessary information about the debtor and his obligation. Also, the collection order is not inherently of a notification nature. The debtor often finds out about the write-off only after the money has been withdrawn from him. And this can make it difficult for the debtor to carry out other banking operations due to a lack of funds in the account;
• Payments through checkbooks. This option can be conditionally called cash-non-cash, since it involves debiting funds from the drawer’s account to the check holder’s account or issuing cash to him. Moreover, settlement of checks is carried out only on the condition that the drawer has a sufficient amount of money in his account and after confirming the identity of the bearer of the check and the authenticity of the check itself;
• Payments in the form of direct debit. In this case, the transfer of money is made at the request of the recipient. To perform this transfer, the operator who will perform the settlement operation must have an agreement with the payer and his acceptance (consent) to carry out such an operation. Such calculations are carried out within the framework of the national payment system of Russia and in the presence of a payment card. The cardholder's acceptance of the debiting of funds from the card must be enshrined in an agreement or other document that supplements the agreement;
• Payments in the form of electronic money transfer. As part of this type of non-cash payments, an individual (citizen) provides the operator with funds for conducting transactions, both from his personal bank account or without it, and from the accounts of organizations and entrepreneurs that provide funds in favor of this citizen. But this is only possible if the agreement between the individual and the operator provides for such a right. As for entrepreneurs and organizations, they can only use funds from their bank accounts.
  The last two types of non-cash payments are regulated by the law “On the National Payment System” dated June 27, 2011. No. 161-FZ.

The advantages of non-cash payments are described in the following video:

If you have not yet registered an organization, then easiest way This can be done using online services that will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization and you are thinking about how to simplify and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue and will completely replace an accountant at your enterprise and will save a lot of money and time. All reporting is generated automatically, signed electronically and sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLCs on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it has become!

Principles of non-cash payments

Cashless payment system based on the following principles:

Based on these principles, not only the construction of a non-cash payment system is carried out, but also their implementation.

Order of conduct

Any non-cash payments are carried out only if you have an account opened under a bank account agreement. However, the current legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of conducting non-cash transactions without the payer opening a current account. But this is only possible when making payments by ordinary citizens whose transfers of funds are not related to business activities.

To conduct non-cash payments, an account can be opened either in a bank or in another credit institution that has a license from the Bank of Russia to carry out such operations.

To make non-cash transfers payers can open:

All these accounts can be opened in rubles and in foreign currencies.

Accounting Rules

To record non-cash transactions, organizations use account 51 “Current accounts”, where analytics are built for each current account opened by the organization. All transactions are reflected on the basis, for example, on the basis of payment orders, collection orders, etc. And to reflect transactions on special accounts, organizations use account 55 “Special bank accounts” with analytics on letters of credit, deposits, check books, and other similar forms of non-cash payments.

Entrepreneurs do not use it, but they record income and expense transactions on a bank account in their books of income and expenses. And based on the register data, the calculation is carried out. They also use payment orders or collection orders, memorial orders, etc. as confirmation of non-cash transactions.

As for ordinary citizens, they can receive statements from their accounts to control their funds.

Responsibility for violation of settlement relations

Punishment for such violations is provided for in Chapter 15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Moreover, both account holders and credit institutions are punished.

For example:

• In case of violation of work with a special account, payment agents may be charged from 40 to 50 thousand rubles;
• if the bank violated the deadline for transferring funds to the budget from the taxpayer’s account, then up to 5 thousand rubles will be collected from the bank official.

The history of occurrence and basic principles of these types of calculations are described in the following video lecture:

Companies prefer non-cash payments, since in this case they can save on distribution costs. Non-cash payments are widely used due to the extensive network of banks and the country's interest in their development.

The essence of the issue

Every enterprise that makes or accepts payments from counterparties should become familiar with the concept of non-cash payments.

What it is?

Non-cash payments are monetary payments that are carried out according to account records in banking institutions, when money is debited from the accounts of companies that transfer it and credited to the addressee’s account.

There is a system for organizing such calculations, which means a set of principles and requirements that are presented to the enterprise.

This is also a set of forms and methods of payment and the associated documentation circulation. Non-cash payments are the main component of all cash payments.

Their classification

Considering the type of settlement documentation, the following are distinguished:

• calculations that are carried out on the basis of payment requests;
• settlements carried out on the basis of collection orders;
• calculations that are carried out on the basis of;
• check payments;
• letter of credit.

Settlement documentation on paper is drawn up on forms that are approved by law and produced in a printing house or using a computer.

Taking into account the method used to organize payment, there are:

Calculations	When a mutual demand is read out
Planned calculations	In which the amount is transferred from the accounts of buyers to the accounts of companies that sold the goods, taking into account the price of the goods received or provided
Factoring operation	In which debt obligations of companies are transferred to a factoring institution
Leasing operation	When services are provided with the right to subsequently purchase an object
Full calculations of amounts	What is reflected in the settlement documentation, calculation based on the balance of mutual claims of the payer and recipient
Settlements with guaranteed transfers	When there is a preliminary deposit in a separate bank account at the location of the payers with the possibility of further debiting from the accounts, when funds are credited to the accounts of buyers at the location of the payers

Taking into account the nature of economic connections, non-cash payments are represented by the following types:

Taking into account the method of selling the goods, calculations can be:

Relevance of the topic

The most important condition for the functioning of the economy is a reliable payment system that can ensure dynamic and stable turnover when transferring money between economic agents.

In the presence of an effective non-cash payment system, payments are accelerated, payment security is increased, cash is replaced and distribution costs are reduced, printing costs are reduced, etc.

A clear organization of cash payments is relevant, since the monetary stage of the turnover of amounts is of great importance in the work of the company.

Legal regulation

The main legislative sources for regulating payments:

1. Civil Code of Russia.
2. Law On Banks and Activities of Banking Institutions.

Emerging nuances

The form of organizing non-cash circulation is payment systems. The basis is settlements between companies, citizens,...

The system ensures non-cash circulation between companies, the purpose of which is to timely, correctly and fully fulfill payment obligations.

If settlements are not timely, the financial condition of the settlement participant will deteriorate, trust will be undermined, and a stable financial system will be disrupted.

The Russian payment system is represented by a number of elements that will ensure the fulfillment of debt obligations that arise when conducting economic activity.

How does this payment system work?

Settlements are carried out primarily on accounts that must be held by both payers and recipients. Non-cash payments are made by companies and individuals through the banks where accounts were opened.

Bank accounts are drawn up between the parties.

It is worth adhering to the following principles when organizing non-cash payments:

Payments must be made through a bank account	Which is open for storing and transferring money. Payments must be made through banking institutions
Payments are made by banking institutions based on the order of the account owners according to the rules of priority	What is established within account balances
Adhere to the principle of freedom when a company chooses a non-cash payment form	And their approval in the contract, when banks do not interfere in the relationship. (There is information about the above principles in).
Calculations are carried out taking into account the deadlines established in the credit instructions of the Ministry of Finance,	Urgent payments can be made: before trading operations, until the goods are shipped ( ); after the operation is completed; some time after the completion of trading operations (commercial loan without debt obligations, promissory note). Early, deferred and late payments may occur
The principle of security of payment, when the paying company must have liquid funds	What can be applied when paying off obligations to the person to whom the money is addressed

Organize a system of non-cash payments, taking into account the following components:

• principles of organizing payments, which are mandatory for each entity;
• an account system that will allow you to make cashless payments;
• system of payment forms, documentation and document circulation procedures.

It is based on bank accounts and settlement documents. Calculations must be carried out so that the payment is made as quickly as possible, so that the reproduction process is continuous and accelerated, and the funds are circulated.

Payment is made by bank transfer by transfer to the recipients' bank accounts.

Who sets the rules for making such calculations?

Settlements between companies are carried out by banking institutions (the bank opens a current account for the client), and between banking institutions - by RCC.

Settlement transactions on bank accounts can be performed using a correspondent bank account that is opened with each other, based on.

If economic authorities come to an agreement, offsets of mutual debts may not be carried out through a bank.

When obligations are not fully terminated during offset, payment documents are submitted to banks to transfer the remaining money after offset.

The Russian government performs the functions of regulating settlements, determining the maximum amounts of cash settlements and standards for conducting settlement operations.

The Bank of the Russian Federation is a body that regulates and issues a cash settlement center when organizing non-cash payments.

It establishes the procedure, deadline, form and standards for carrying out settlements. The rules for making non-cash payments are discussed in the Regulations on Non-Cash Payments in the Russian Federation.

Transaction tools

The economic base is the production process of a material nature. The majority are settlements for transactions involving goods shipped, work performed, and services provided. The rest of the cash flow is settlements for non-commodity transactions.

Different forms are used - payment methods and documentary circulation. Current:

• extracts and their provision to another participant in settlement transactions;
• content of settlement documentation and its details;
• the period when the settlement document is drawn up and the rules for submitting it to the banking institution and other participant;
• movement of documents between banks;
• rules and terms for payment of documents, transfers and receipt of money;
• rules for the use of settlement documents during mutual control of participants in settlement transactions.

The documentation must reflect the name of the document, payers, and recipients.

Current accounts are opened:

• public, religious and trade union organizations;
• representative offices and branches that are on independent balance sheets, but do not have permission from a higher authority;
• non-self-supporting divisions and branches

Subaccounts:

• open to a non-self-supporting unit;
• open at the request of parent companies;
• opened on the orders of banking institutions that serve the parent company, etc.

The following budget accounts are opened:

• temporary to credit the authorized capital funds;
• special loan to carry out lending operations when they receive loans from a banking institution where there is no current account.
• deposit to receive additional profit for storing money for certain periods.

What does the moment of fulfillment of a monetary obligation mean?

You don’t quite understand how this concept is deciphered? Let's try to figure it out. When fulfilling settlement obligations, it is worth determining the moment of their fulfillment.

There are no clear rules that would apply when returning excess tax amounts based on,.

The SAC explains that the payer is recognized as having fulfilled his obligations at the moment when the corresponding amount arrives at the banking institution indicated by the recipients of the funds.

What is the economic essence?

Most of the cash turnover is non-cash payments. Their share in the Russian Federation is 60%, and in developed countries – 90%.

Transactions on the company's current accounts reflect changes in debt claims and obligations. Within the company they reflect how the national product and national profit are distributed and redistributed.

If the smooth operation of banking institutions is organized, non-cash payments contribute to the following:

• turnover of funds accelerates;
• payments are made faster;
• the amount of cash needed in circulation is reduced;
• circulation costs are reduced - additional costs for printing and counting money required when making cash payments.

Using non-cash payments, they are developing an extensive banking network. The country's interest itself also plays an important role.

Existing problems

There is no unified payment system in the Russian Federation. The one that operates does not meet the standards set at the international level. A number of segments of the payment system differ from each other in terms of the level of technological development.

Many payments are made to this day through the microfinance institutions of the settlement networks of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. But it does not meet the requirements for speed and quality of implementation.

Integration into global payment systems is slow. Such problems are being solved in several directions:

1. The forms of organizing settlements through the Central Bank settlement network are being improved.
2. Electronic payments and modern technologies using computers and computer networks are widely used.
3. New forms of organizing payments are being developed.

The Bank is implementing a number of activities aimed at improving the state's payment system. The quality of settlements is gradually improving and a platform is being prepared so that a modern form of organization of settlements can be introduced.

Measures to improve the calculation methodology are being developed and implemented. Without legal provisions, the payment system will be subject to instability. There will be legal risks for banking institutions and the entire economy.

There is still no legislative framework in the Russian Federation that would regulate electronic payments. There are areas in which work is being carried out:

• information technologies are being developed;
• provide comprehensive protection of banking activities;
• metrological support for operations in banks takes place;
• provide standardization of the procedure for making payments, conducting operations, accounting and reporting for banking systems.

Distinctive features of payment instruments

We list a number of distinctive features:

• the executing party is a banking institution;
• banks do not have the right to write off money from accounts unless there is the client’s consent;
• banks cannot exercise control over the spending of funds by clients;
• payments are made if there is a sufficient balance in customer accounts;
• Documentary forms of settlement documentation must strictly comply.

Prospects for the development of non-cash payments

It is necessary to implement not only a modern system for transmitting and processing accounting operational data, but also to comply with the requirements for compliance of the Central Bank settlement networks with the objectivity of the payment system at each stage of improvement.

It is necessary to reform the tools and procedures that are used when transferring money, the system of Central Bank institutions. In the near future, the Russian Federation plans to abandon paper data carriers and work with electronic documentation.

The Bank believes that it is necessary to carry out transactions in order to provide a mechanism for delivery against payments, payments that are carried out by the clearing and settlement house in order to complete settlements.

The telecommunications network of the Central Bank will develop, which will ensure the constant operation of the payment system. The settlement apparatus will become a complete system of gross settlements in real time.

They will develop an interface for interaction with the settlement and clearing house, the securities settlement system, and the intrabank settlement system.

You can move to promising systems if a unified data transmission and processing network is created. The calculation network must have the following components:

Features for subjects

Let's find out what to pay attention to. What is worth knowing about non-cash payments carried out at enterprises and individual entrepreneurs?

At the enterprise

To carry out settlement operations, bank accounts are opened by providing a number of documents. After this, most of the payments are made - for loan repayment, sale of goods, payment of money to employees, etc.

It is important to distinguish between operations that are related to business activity and those that are not related to it, which is not so easy to do from a legal point of view.

Non-cash payments are the majority of payments between business entities. And the government is committed to developing an appropriate payment system.

It is hoped that non-cash payments will be improved in the near future, as the authorities are taking appropriate measures. At the moment, it is worth relying on the norms that exist.

Every day, more and more institutions are switching to non-cash payments with their clients. The situation is similar with individual entrepreneurs. Banks provide special terminals for non-cash payments completely free of charge. At the same time, if necessary...

Today, in accordance with current legislative norms, it is necessary to provide the possibility of payment by bank transfer. Moreover, both for retail clients and for wholesale ones. Non-cash payments are carried out by private individuals and legal entities. It is important to understand the basic forms in advance...

Let us determine what basic principles of organizing non-cash payments exist, as well as what rules should be remembered when making such payments in the Russian Federation. In addition to cash amounts, the organization also has non-cash payments at its disposal. ContentsImportant information Basics of organizing non-cash payments...

In the modern world there are many payments for services and goods. Let's talk about this and figure out what payment systems exist.

Let's define the terminology

So what is a payment system? This is a set of organizational actions, forms, procedures that improve the monetary circulation system. In essence, this is a huge number of contractual relations, rules, methods that enable absolutely all participants to carry out financial transactions and pay each other.

What challenges do payment systems face?

Payment systems perform a number of tasks:

1. Safety and efficient operation.
2. Reliability, which guarantees the absence of any disruptions in the operation of payment systems.
3. Process workflows quickly and cost-effectively.
4. An honest approach that meets all the necessary criteria.

In general, for any such system the main function is to ensure dynamic economic turnover.

The individual elements of payment systems are very closely related to each other. Their relationship is carried out according to certain rules that are included in state regulations. The work of the Russian payment system is built on legal documents, thanks to which its functioning occurs. They regulate a set of procedures that are necessary for the operation of this structure and the transfer of funds from one counterparty to another.

The procedures of the payment system include forms of non-cash payments, norms of payment documents and all means used for communication (software, Internet, telephone lines, hardware).

Elements of payment systems

Payment systems consist of the following elements:

1. Organizations carrying out money transfers, repayment of financial obligations.
2. Monetary instruments and systems that ensure the transfer of funds between counterparties.
3. Contractual relations regulating the correct and clear procedure for non-cash payments.

All elements are very closely interconnected, their interaction occurs according to certain rules, enshrined in legal documents. Compliance with them is mandatory for absolutely all participants.

Types of payments

According to Article 140 of the Civil Code of Russia, payments within the country are made both in cash and non-cash. We can say that they are all divided into two types. Let's talk about them in more detail.

The cash payment system involves paying for goods and services from hand to hand. In everyday life, each of us faces this.

Payment by bank transfer occurs without the presence of cash; instead, funds are deposited into a current account or electronic wallet.

What are the payment methods in cash?

So, there are several ways to pay with real money. Let's list them:

1. "Cash" at the box office, through couriers or by transferring funds from the customer to the contractor.
2. Using self-service terminals Qiwi, Cyberplat, Eleksnet and many others. A person selects the service he needs on the screen and deposits banknotes into the bill acceptor. Almost all services and even loans are paid in such terminals.
3. In ATMs that have a cash acceptance function. Again, the desired operation is selected, the purpose of the payment is indicated, and the bills are entered.
4. Payment in banks or at the post office. Most people of retirement age prefer there. To do this, you only need to provide or simply provide the recipient’s details, and also give the money to the cashier.
5. Another popular payment method in the country is transfers (for example, using the companies “Zolotaya Korona”, “Leader”). To apply for them, you just need to come to the selected branch, provide the recipient’s details and deposit money.

Payment by bank transfer

Non-cash payments can be contact and contactless. Let's look at their features in more detail.

1. Payments using bank cards with a magnetic stripe are the most popular option at present. However, these began to gradually replace more secure cards with a chip. To make a purchase, you just need to insert it into the terminal or swipe it through a reader. Then the person just has to enter his PIN code, and the money will leave his account. That's all, the goods have been paid for.

2. Payment using MasterCard or Visa. This is a very common type of contactless payment for purchases. To pay, you just need to bring your card to the terminal, and the goods will be automatically paid for without specifying a PIN code. Of course, this type of calculation is very convenient. The only drawback is that the payment amount for one purchase cannot be more than a thousand rubles. It turns out that if you want to purchase a product worth, for example, two thousand, then you won’t be able to pay using a contactless method. You will have to insert the card into the terminal and still enter the PIN code. By the way, we note that not all stores have the appropriate devices.

3. There is also the option to pay using your card details. This is also a contactless method. It is most often used to pay for online purchases. How is the transaction carried out? You need to enter the required card details in the fields. This could be, for example, a last name, a security code. After filling out the details, you will still need to confirm the operation itself. After this, the funds will be debited from your account.

4. Payments by electronic money using Internet wallets "Yandex.Money", Kiwi, Webmoney. To pay for purchases and services, you need to open a personal wallet of any payment systems and make a payment or transfer funds using the company details.

5. Payment via mobile phones with NFS technology. To be honest, this contactless method is not yet very popular in Russia. The technology allows you to pay by holding your mobile phone to a special reading machine. To be able to use this service, you need to buy a SIM card that supports NFS technology, and also install another antenna in your phone. After this, payments can be made with one touch by placing the mobile phone on the terminal. The funds will be debited from your smartphone account. And although in the Russian Federation, as already mentioned, the use of such technology is not yet very widespread, at the moment it is still possible to pay using this method in the Moscow metro.

6. using Internet banking. This is also a method of non-cash payment for services and purchases. To use it, you need to go to Internet banking, find the correct category, enter the details and select the account for withdrawal. The operation is confirmed by entering the code.

All over the world, the most popular payment systems are still non-cash transactions. In their favor is not only the convenience and speed of their implementation, but also complete safety at relatively low cost.

Which type of payment is more profitable?

Of course, the electronic payment system is the most beneficial and convenient, no matter how you look at it. It makes it possible to make purchases very quickly and simplifies the entire payment process. Moreover, costs are reduced. Let's give a simple example when buyers and sellers are in different regions. There is no way to do this without using cashless payments. However, despite all the visible benefits, it can only be implemented if one has a certain level of technology, culture, and education. Historically, cash came first. There were no non-cash payments before, and there could not have been. The level of development of society and technology simply did not allow this.

Today, cash payments are typical only for more backward countries. Expert research suggests that in the future, non-cash payment systems will replace cash payments.

Why do we need a payment system?

The need to pay by bank transfer at one time led to the emergence of a system of settlements between banks with each other, since payers and recipients were serviced by different financial organizations. In Russia, the Russian Federation payment system was developed for transfers between banks. Each country organizes its own structures to ensure safe and fast circulation of funds within the state. Together they form international payment systems. Thanks to this, trade relations are possible between different countries, sometimes located on different continents.

Instead of an afterword

Currently, the economy of any country is a huge branched network of relations of a large number of constituent entities. The basis of all relationships, oddly enough, are various calculations and payments, which would be impossible without a clear organization of the payment system.