The balance of fixed assets (fixed assets) looks like equality:

He + P = V + Ok

• He– availability of fixed assets at the beginning of the reporting period
• P– receipt of fixed assets during the period
• IN– disposal of fixed assets during the period
• OK

The balance sheet of fixed assets may contain clarifying categories: major repairs, increase/decrease in the value of fixed assets as a result of revaluation and disposal due to dilapidation:

He + Pp + K + D = Vp + U + Sun + Ok

• He
• pp
• TO
• D
• VP
• U
• Sun
• OK– availability of fixed assets at the end of the period.

In this case, all elements of equality are given at the original cost of fixed assets. The balance of fixed assets at historical cost is closely related to the balance at their cost, taking into account depreciation:

(He – In) + Pp + K + D – I = Vp + U + Sun – Iv + (Ok – Ik)

• He– availability of fixed assets at the beginning of the period
• In– the amount of depreciation that falls on the balance of fixed assets at the beginning of the period
• pp– receipt of fixed assets as a result of purchase
• TO– the cost of major repairs (reconstruction, modernization) performed during the period
• D– increase in the value of fixed assets as a result of revaluation
• AND– the amount of depreciation accrued for the period (minus depreciation on retired fixed assets)
• VP– disposal of fixed assets as a result of their sale
• U– reduction in the value of fixed assets as a result of markdown
• Sun– disposal as a result of write-off due to disrepair (and other reasons: transfer to the MNMA or to the current assets, etc.)
• Yves– the amount of depreciation that falls on retired fixed assets
• OK– availability of fixed assets at the end of the period
• Ik– the amount of depreciation that falls on the balance of fixed assets at the end of the period.

The residual value of fixed assets can be expressed by the formula:

Ost = Ostn + P + K – Vo – I

• Ostk– residual value of fixed assets at the end of the period
• Ostn– residual value of fixed assets at the beginning of the period
• P– receipt of fixed assets for the period
• TO– the cost of major repairs (reconstruction, modernization) performed during the period
• In– residual value of fixed assets disposed of during the period
• AND– the amount of depreciation accrued for the period.

In order to analyze the property status, it is advisable to draw up such balances in the context of all types (groups) of fixed assets, highlighting their active part.

Based on the data from these balances, generalized indicators of their condition are determined - suitability coefficients, retirement coefficients and renewal coefficients. If such balances are compiled by groups of fixed assets, all these coefficients can be determined accordingly for each group.

Working capital balance

The current assets balance sheet looks similar to what a simplified fixed assets balance sheet looks like:

He + P = V + Ok

• He– availability of working capital at the beginning of the reporting period
• P– receipt of working capital during the period
• IN– disposal of working capital during the period
• OK– availability of working capital at the end of the period.

In order to analyze the property situation, it is advisable to draw up such balances in the context of all types (groups) of working capital: by materials, finished products, goods, etc.

Determination of the average annual value of property.

To calculate the average availability of fixed assets over the period, a simplified approach is sometimes used - the arithmetic average method. The arithmetic mean is defined as half the sum of data on the availability of fixed assets at the beginning and end of the analyzed period. But more accurate information about the average annual cost of fixed assets is obtained in a different way.

It is advisable to calculate the average annual value of fixed assets as the quotient of dividing by 12 the half-sum obtained by adding (and dividing by 2) the cost of fixed assets in force on January 1 of the reporting year and on January 1 of the year following the reporting year, as well as the value of these assets for each first the number of the remaining eleven months of the analyzed year.

Determining the average cost of fixed assets for an intermediate period (quarter, half-year, 9 months) is carried out by dividing by the number of months of the analyzed period half the value of the fixed assets on the 1st day of the first month following the end of the period, as well as the cost of fixed assets on every 1st day the remaining months of this period.

The average annual (and average for any intermediate period) cost of standardized current assets is calculated in a similar way. Standardized current assets include: inventories, work in progress, finished goods; in this case, construction materials purchased by developers for the purpose of capital construction are excluded from inventories. Non-standardized current assets include cash and all types of receivables

In some cases, if the enterprise is small and the movement of fixed assets is not so intense, simplification is used in calculating the average annual cost of fixed assets. Namely, instead of divisor 12, divisor 4 is used, i.e., not by the number of months, but by the number of quarters in the year.

Sometimes the average annual value of fixed assets is determined based on their average annual value for the previous calendar year.

The average annual cost of fixed assets for the previous calendar year (if we take the simplified, “quarterly” version) is determined as the amount divided by four:

• half the cost of fixed assets as of January 1 of the previous calendar year;
• the value of fixed assets as of April 1 of the previous calendar year;
• the value of fixed assets as of July 1 of the previous calendar year;
• the value of fixed assets as of October 1 of the previous calendar year;
• half the cost of fixed assets as of January 1 of the reporting year.

Which value of fixed assets should be taken into account - initial or residual (balance sheet) - depends on the purpose for which this calculation is carried out.

So, if the average annual cost of fixed assets is calculated to determine the indicator return on assets, the calculation of the average annual cost of fixed assets should be based on their initial cost, because otherwise, if we take the balance sheet (residual) value into account, the capital productivity indicator will be simply absurd: the more worn out fixed assets are, the higher their profitability. The profitability of fixed assets (capital productivity) cannot increase due to their deterioration.

If the average annual cost of fixed assets is calculated to determine the indicator capital intensity, the calculation of the average annual cost of fixed assets can be based on both their initial and residual value, depending on the purposes of the analysis - here it is impossible to give unambiguous advice.

If the average annual cost of fixed assets is calculated to determine capital-labor ratio, in contrast to the capital productivity indicator, on the contrary, it is advisable to take their book (residual) value as a base. The initial cost of worn-out objects will unreasonably inflate the capital-labor ratio.

Basic criteria for assessing property status

1. Serviceability ratio of fixed assets. Shows what part of the original cost of fixed assets has not yet been worn out, in other words, has not yet been transferred to the product:

   Kg = (Pst – I)/Pst

   • Kg– suitability factor
   • Pst- initial cost
   • AND– wear.

   The formula for calculating the suitability coefficient can be presented differently:

   Kg = Ost/Pst

   • Kg– suitability factor
   • Ost– residual value
   • Pst- initial cost.

   Since the serviceability coefficient and the wear rate are interrelated (Kg + Ki = 1), the serviceability coefficient of fixed assets can be calculated in another way:

   Kg = 1 – Ki

   • Kg– suitability factor
   • Ki– wear coefficient.
2. Depreciation rate of fixed assets. Shows the degree of depreciation of fixed assets, i.e. the share of the cost of fixed assets subject to write-off as expenses of subsequent periods:

   Ki = I/Pst

   • Ki– wear coefficient
   • AND– wear
   • Pst- initial cost.

   And since the wear coefficient is an addition (up to 100%) to the serviceability coefficient, it can also be calculated as the difference between one and the serviceability coefficient:

   Ki = 1 – Kg

   Both the wear rate and the serviceability rate are rather conditional indicators of the technical condition of fixed assets. This is due to many reasons: inflation rates, fluctuations in market prices for similar assets, a subjective approach to determining the service life, etc. However, the value of such a conditional coefficient as a depreciation coefficient above 0.5 is considered undesirable. Accordingly, the suitability coefficient should not be lower than this value.

3. Fixed asset renewal ratio. Shows what part of the fixed assets available at the end of the period consists of new objects:

   Ko = Pstp/Pstk

   • Co.– renewal factor
   • Pstp– the initial cost of fixed assets received during the period
   • Pstk– initial cost of fixed assets at the end of the period

   For different groups of fixed assets (groups of production facilities, their active part and groups of facilities operated in the non-production sector), it is advisable to calculate separate renewal coefficients. It also makes sense to calculate them separately for all received groups of objects and separately for those put into operation. In the latter case, this coefficient is usually called input coefficient.

   In addition, when analyzing, it is advisable to compare the renewal rate of the active part of fixed assets with the renewal rate of all objects on the balance sheet. This way it becomes clear which part is responsible for the update. If the renewal of fixed assets does not occur at the expense of their active part, then this may negatively affect the capital productivity indicator.

   Renewal of fixed assets can occur both through the acquisition of new facilities and through the modernization of existing ones. Therefore, in this case, the renewal factors should be calculated separately.

   A variation of the renewal coefficient is the automation coefficient:

   Ka = Psta/Pst

   • Ka– automation coefficient
   • Psta– initial cost of automated objects
   • Pst– the initial cost of all existing fixed assets.
4. Fixed asset retirement ratio. Shows what part of fixed assets was retired during the reporting month.

   Kv = Pstv/Pstn

   • Kv- fixed asset retirement ratio
   • Pstv– initial cost of fixed assets disposed of during the period
   • Pstn– the initial cost of fixed assets available at the beginning of the period

   For different groups of fixed assets (groups of production facilities, their active part and groups of facilities operated in the non-production sector), it is advisable to calculate separate retirement rates. It also makes sense to calculate them separately for all retired objects and separately for liquidated ones. In the latter case, this coefficient is usually called liquidation ratio.

   In addition, when analyzing, it is advisable to compare the retirement rate of the active part of fixed assets with the retirement rate of all objects. In this way, it becomes clear at the expense of which part the disposal occurs.

5. Share of the active part of fixed assets. Shows what part of the total cost of existing fixed assets is their active (participating in production) part:

   Yes = Psta/Pst

   • Yes– share of the active part of fixed assets (ratio)
   • Psta– average annual cost of fixed assets belonging to the active part
   • Pst– cost of fixed assets available on the balance sheet (average annual).

   The share of the active part of fixed assets does not have to be calculated as an annual average. In this case, you should take into account the balance of fixed assets at the end of the analyzed period, without calculating their average annual value.

   The growth of this indicator in dynamics means a favorable trend.

6. Capital productivity. Reflects the profitability of the use of fixed assets involved in the production of products and shows how many products are produced for each ruble of the cost of fixed assets:

   Fo = Vp/OPF

   • Fo– capital productivity (return on production assets)
   • VP– volume of production for the year
   • OPF .

   Calculation of the average annual cost of fixed assets when determining the capital productivity indicator should be based on their original cost, and not on the balance sheet (residual). Otherwise, you will get an absurd result: the more dilapidated the equipment is, the higher the return on assets - this should not happen.

7. Capital intensity. An indicator inverse to the capital productivity indicator. Shows how many fixed assets, on average, are accounted for for each ruble of the cost of manufactured products.

   Fe = OPF/Vp

   • Fe– capital intensity
   • OPF– cost of fixed production assets (average annual)
   • VP– volume of production for the year.

   When calculating the average annual cost of fixed assets to determine capital intensity, you can take both their initial and residual value as a basis, depending on the purposes of the analysis.

8. Capital-labor ratio. Shows the level of equipment of personnel with labor tools, their technical equipment:

   Fv = OPF/Ssch

   • Fv– capital-labor ratio
   • OPF– cost of fixed production assets (average annual)
   • Ssch– average number of employees employed in production.

   When calculating the average annual cost of fixed assets to determine the capital-labor ratio, it is advisable to take their balance sheet (residual) value as a base. The initial cost of dilapidated objects will greatly embellish the capital-labor ratio - this cannot be allowed.

   It can also be said that the capital-labor ratio shows cost of a workplace.

   It is advisable to analyze the capital-labor ratio both for the enterprise as a whole and in the context of production and technological processes.

   A low capital-labor ratio may indicate that an enterprise is lagging behind in mastering advanced technologies, which leads to a loss of competitiveness. The growth of the capital-labor ratio is the most important factor in increasing labor productivity.

   However, one should not think that the growth of the capital-labor ratio always reflects a favorable trend. There is a so-called capital-labor limit, and it is determined individually for each enterprise. This limit is formed depending on how much the increase in the capital-labor ratio results in an increase in labor productivity. Thus, the following condition must be met:

   • ∆Fv > 0
   • ∆Pt > 0

   If, with an increase in the capital-labor ratio, the increase in productivity turns out to be above zero, then the use of technical means is considered effective and the limit of the capital-labor ratio has not yet arrived. It should be noted that it is advisable to determine the capital-labor ratio limit in the same way as the indicator itself - not only for the enterprise as a whole, but also for individual production and technological processes - which is more important. The maximum capital-labor ratio for the enterprise as a whole depends on the capital-labor ratio of each individual process.

   At the same time, when analyzing the capital-labor ratio, it is necessary to pay attention to external factors of labor productivity growth. It is possible that the growth of labor productivity is no longer influenced by the capital-labor ratio, but by the growth of productivity at enterprises in related industries or other circumstances. There are quite a lot of factors for the growth of labor productivity and one should not rush to attribute all the “merits” to the capital-labor ratio.

9. Material consumption. Shows the specific weight of material resource consumption per unit of production. It is measured in physical units (technological indicator), in monetary terms and as a percentage (economic indicator). The economic value of the material intensity indicator is calculated as the share of the cost of consumed material resources in the price of a unit of production:

   Me = M/Vp x 100%

   • Meh– material consumption
   • M– the cost of raw materials and supplies used to produce products
   • VP– volume of production for the analyzed period

   Thus, material intensity shows how many material and raw material costs are incurred for each ruble of product output.

   Sometimes it is advisable to calculate material intensity as the share of the cost of material resources in the cost of manufactured products. In this case, the denominator of the formula indicates the volume of output not in sales prices, but at its cost.

   The cost (monetary) indicator of material intensity is defined as the difference between the cost (or selling price) of a unit of production of one type or another and the cost of the material and raw materials expended on its production. In this case, the averaged values ​​of these components of the formula are taken into account.

   The excess of the actual material intensity indicator over its standard indicator indicates the presence of reserves for reducing the standard material intensity, which, in turn, indicates an increase in production profitability.

   Standard material consumption is established depending on the industry sector of the enterprise.

A general indicator of the efficiency of using fixed assets is capital productivity:

where S is the average initial (replacement) cost of fixed assets; N - release of finished products.

Another indicator of the efficiency of using fixed assets is capital intensity:

A change in capital intensity shows an increase or decrease in the value of fixed assets by 1 ruble. finished products and is used in determining the amount of relative savings or cost overruns in fixed assets. The amount of relative savings (overexpenditure) of fixed assets is determined by the formula:

E rel (S) = (F e 1 – F e 0) N 1.

The ratio of the rate of increase in the value of fixed assets and the rate of increase in output allows us to determine the maximum indicator of capital intensity, i.e. increase in fixed assets by 1% increase in production. If the maximum capital intensity indicator is less than one, there is an increase in the efficiency of use of fixed assets and an increase in the utilization rate of production capacity.

Let's consider the influence of capital productivity and capital intensity indicators on changes in output volume according to the data of the analyzed enterprise (Table 25). The growth in capital productivity is due to the excess of the growth rate of production volume over the growth rate of the average annual cost of equipment. the growth rate of fixed assets is 294.6%, while the growth rate of products is 306.4%. For every percent increase in fixed assets, the increase in output is 1.06 points (206.4/194.6).

The increase in production volume is determined by the influence of the expansion of production potential - in the amount of 406,619.75 thousand rubles. (337035 * 1.206) and an increase in the efficiency of its use in the amount of 24655.25 thousand rubles (0.048 * 510215). Total impact: 406619.75 + 24655.25 = 431275 thousand rubles.

The share of the influence of the expansion of fixed assets on the output volume is 0.943 (406619.75/431275). The share of the impact of capital productivity is 0.057 (24655.25/431275).

The existing relationship between two factors on the volume of output serves as a prerequisite for increasing production profitability. A decrease in the capital intensity of products indicates the presence of relative savings in funds invested in fixed assets. The amount of relative savings will be:

(0.797 – 0.829) * 640210 = - 20436.01 thousand rubles.

Table 25

Indicators of use of fixed assets

The main factor in saving money invested in fixed assets is the growth of capital productivity.

Increasing capital productivity is facilitated by:

§ mechanization and automation of production, use of advanced technology, modernization of existing equipment;

§ increasing equipment operating time;

§ increasing the intensity of equipment operation;

§ increasing the share of the active part of fixed assets;

§ increasing the share of existing equipment.

The degree of involvement of available equipment in production and its use in production is characterized by the following indicators:

If the value of the indicators is close to one, then the equipment is used at a high degree of utilization, and the production program corresponds to production capacity.

To assess equipment load, the following time balance indicators are determined (Table 26):

Table 26

Indicators characterizing the equipment usage time fund

The level of full-shift use of equipment is characterized by the shift coefficient K cm:

where T r.cm is the actual number of machine shifts worked for the period; T max – the maximum possible number of machine shifts worked by the installed equipment in one shift of the same period.

The degree of intra-shift use of equipment is characterized by the equipment load factor Kz:

The degree of use of nominal time is measured by the ratio of the effective fund to the nominal one:

Analysis of cause-and-effect relationships in the factor system of capital productivity makes it possible to construct several variants of deterministic factor models. The simplest of them: a model of the dependence of the capital productivity of fixed assets (F o) on the capital productivity of the active part of fixed assets (F a) and the specific weight of the active part (D a):

F o = F a * D a,

as well as a model of the dependence of the capital productivity of fixed assets on the capital productivity of existing machinery and equipment (F o d), the share of the active part in the cost of fixed assets (D a) and the share of operating equipment in the active part (D d):

F o = F o d * D a * D d.

To analyze the factors influencing the capital productivity indicator, the factor model of capital productivity of existing equipment is transformed as follows:

Thus, the factor model of capital productivity of fixed assets will take the form:

F o = D a * D d * K cm * K z * T d * t cm * H h * 1 / s d.

Based on the data in Table 27, we determine the capital productivity of existing equipment and the capital productivity of fixed assets using a factor model:

Let's check the results using the original formula:

Table 27

Data for calculating capital productivity

Then we will calculate the influence of factors using the chain substitution method:

1. Change in capital productivity due to a change in the share of the active part of fixed assets:

DF o (D a) = F o d * DD a * D 0 d = 3.043 * 0.1488 * 0.8037 = 0.3639 rub./rub.

2. Change in capital productivity due to changes in the specific gravity of existing equipment:

DF o (D d) = F o d * D 1 a * DD d = 3.043 * 0.6422 * 0.0232 = 0.0453 rub./rub.

3. Change in capital productivity of fixed assets under the influence of changes in capital productivity of existing equipment:

DF o (F o d) = DF o d * D 1 a * D 1 d =- 0.68 * 0.6422 * 0.8269 =- 0.3611 rub./rub.

The total influence of factors will be: 0.3639 + 0.0453 – 0.3611 = 0.0481.

We summarize the calculation results in Table 28. The increase in capital productivity is due to positive changes in the composition of fixed assets, but is limited by a decrease in capital productivity of existing equipment.

Let's calculate the influence of factors on changes in capital productivity of existing equipment.

1. Change in capital productivity under the influence of changes in work shifts:

DF o d (K cm) = DK cm * K 0 z * T 0 d * t 0 cm * B 0 h * 1 / s 0 d,

DF o d (K cm) = 0.23 * 0.684 * 305 * 8 * 6.019 * 1/ 6867 = 0.3364 rub./rub.

2. Change in capital productivity under the influence of changes in equipment load (efficiency of using working time during a shift):

DF o d (K z) = K 1 cm * DK z * T 0 d * t 0 cm * B 0 h * 1 / s 0 d,

DF o d (K z) = 2.31 * 0.014 * 305 * 8 * 6.019 * 1/ 6867 = 0.0692 rub./rub.

3. Change in capital productivity as a result of changes in the average hourly output of a unit of equipment:

DF o d (V h) = K 1 cm * K 1 z * T 0 d * t 0 cm * DV h * 1 / s 0 d,

DF o d (V h) = 2.31 * 0.698 * 305 * 8 * (- 0.59) * 1/ 6867 = - 0.3405 rub./rub.

4. Change in capital productivity as a result of changes in the average cost of a unit of equipment:

DF o d (s d) = K 1 cm * K 1 z * T 0 d * t 0 cm * B 1 h * [ 1 / s 1 d - 1 / s 0 d ],

DF o d (s d) = 2.31 * 0.698 * 305 * 8 * 5.424 8 (1/ 9030.67 – 1/ 6867) = - 0.7446 rub./rub.

The duration of the shift and the number of working days do not affect capital productivity, since they are assumed unchanged. The total influence of all factors on changes in capital productivity of existing equipment will be:

DF o d = 0.3364 + 0.0692 – 0.3405 - 0.7446 = - 0.6795 rub./rub.

We summarize the calculation results in Table 28. An increase in shift and equipment load factors indicates a decrease in working time losses (all-day and intra-shift downtime), which has a positive impact on changes in equipment capital productivity. As a result of increased equipment utilization, capital productivity increased by 0.4056 rubles/rub. (0.3364 + 0.0692).

A decrease in the average hourly output of equipment and an increase in the average cost of a unit of equipment had a negative impact on capital productivity.

The total influence of second-level factors on capital productivity is calculated as the product of the size of the influence of capital productivity of existing equipment by the share of influence of each second-level factor, i.e. by way of equity participation.

The ratio of the size of the influence of each factor to the size of the deviation in capital productivity of fixed assets shows the share of the influence of each factor on the deviation of the total indicator. As can be seen from Table 28, the most significant negative impact on the capital productivity indicator was caused by an increase in the average price of a unit of equipment and a decrease in the productivity of a unit of equipment. These factors have a multidirectional effect on capital productivity: an increase in the average price of equipment, as a rule, indicates an increase in equipment productivity, and vice versa.

Table 28

Influence of factors on capital productivity of fixed assets

Fixed assets are tangible assets that an enterprise contains for the purpose of using them in the process of production or supply of goods, provision of services, rental to other persons or for the implementation of administrative and socio-cultural functions, the expected useful life of which is more than one year ( or operating cycle if it lasts longer than a year). The value of fixed assets less accumulated depreciation is called net fixed assets or residual value. Fixed assets are accepted for accounting at their original cost, but subsequently, in the balance sheet, fixed assets are reflected at their residual value. The residual value of fixed assets is determined as the difference between the original cost and depreciation charges. Accounted for as part of non-current assets.

Table 4 - Structure of fixed assets, thousand rubles.

Indicators
1.Fixed assets (total)
including:
2.Buildings and structures
3.Machinery and equipment
4.Vehicles
5.Industrial and household. inventory
6. Land plots and environmental management facilities

Table 4 shows that fixed assets in the reporting year increased by 85 million rubles, because There is an increase in indicators on almost all points.

2.3 Analysis of fixed assets Share of fixed assets in assets

The indicator is a summary result of the structural analysis and characterizes the degree of capitalization of assets into fixed assets.

Calculation formula:

Share of fixed assets in assets = cost of fixed assets / balance sheet total

Share of fixed assets in assets = 256,575/574,661 = 0.45

Active part of OPF represents those types of means of labor that most directly and actively influence objects of labor in the process of their processing into a finished product. The active part of the OPF includes machines and equipment, transmission devices, and special types of tools. Passive part of the OPF- these are those types of means of labor that do not have a direct impact on objects of labor during the processing of raw materials into the finished product. At the same time, the presence of such types of OPF is objectively necessary. The passive part of the OPF includes buildings, structures, vehicles and equipment.

Share of the active part of fixed assets

Shows what part of the total cost of existing fixed assets is their active part (participating in the production of products). The active part of fixed assets is machinery, equipment and vehicles. The growth of this indicator over time is usually regarded as a favorable trend.

Calculation formula:

Share of the active part of fixed assets = cost of the active part of fixed assets / cost of fixed assets

Share of the active part of fixed assets (2014) = 473,734/474,684 = 0.998

Share of the active part of fixed assets (2013) = 388,593/389,550 = 0.998

Share of working capital in assets -formula its calculation will be discussed in the article - it shows the ratio of current assets to the total assets of the company, including non-current assets. Let us consider the features of calculating this indicator in more detail.

What does the share of working capital in assets show and how is it calculated?

The share of working capital (WC) in the company’s assets is calculated using the formula:

DO = OS / A,

OS - the total amount of the company's working capital as of a certain date;

A is the value of all assets as of the same date.

In order to calculate the first indicator, you need to add up the indicators on the following lines of the organization’s balance sheet:

• 1240 (financial investments);
• 1250 (enterprise cash, as well as cash equivalents);
• 1230 (accounts receivable);
• 1210 (enterprise inventories);
• 1220 (VAT on acquired values);
• 1260 (other assets classified as current).

The company's accounting policy may provide for the exclusion from current assets of long-term (with a maturity of more than 12 months), as well as low-liquidity (with prospects of non-payment) receivables.

On the one hand, the inclusion of these types of receivables in the current assets of the balance sheet from the point of view of financial law can be considered as a completely natural solution. On the other hand, at the level of recommendations of Russian regulators (in particular, given in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2011 No. 07-02-18/01), as well as IFRS standards (enshrined, in particular, in paragraph 60 of the IAS 1 standard) you can find formulations according to which low-liquid and long-term receivables can be classified as a non-current asset. In this case, its amount will not be included in the formula under consideration.

The second indicator of the formula corresponds to the value reflected in line 1600 of the balance sheet.

What could be the standard value of the share of working capital in assets?

The standard value of the share of working capital in assets is set at the optimal value based on the industry specifics of business processes. In general, a share of fixed assets in assets of 50% or higher is welcome. An increase in this share over time is also positively assessed - when measured over different periods.

Typically, the higher this proportion, the more liquid the firm's assets are considered and the more solvent the firm is considered in terms of paying short-term liabilities. This indicator, therefore, may be important for an investor or a future creditor of the company.

When determining the standard for the share of working capital in assets, the results of the economic activities of other organizations can be considered - if information about them is available to the managers of the enterprise.

Results

The share of working capital in assets is the ratio of working capital (current assets on the balance sheet) to total assets (the sum of current and non-current assets on the balance sheet). Its standard indicator is established based on the specifics of the organization of production at a particular enterprise.

You can learn more about the analysis of economic indicators at an enterprise related to current assets in the articles:

• ;
• .

Therefore, investments in long-term assets must be repaid at the expense of future

current revenues. The indicator has obvious industry specifics.

Sharp changes in the value of the indicator are possible only in the event of a radical change in the type of business.

5. Share of the active part of fixed assets.

This ratio shows what part of fixed assets is

are assets directly involved in production and technology

logical process. It is calculated by the formula:

Cost of the active part of fixed assets (1.2)

d te = Cost of fixed assets

There are two main interpretations of the term “active part of the os-

new means.”According to the first interpretation, it includes all the main

nal means with the exception of buildings and structures. More common

The second interpretation is not correct, according to which the active part refers to

There are only machines, equipment and vehicles. The growth of this

indicator over time is usually regarded as a favorable trend, although this statement should not be taken literally.

6. Wear rate.

Characterizes the share of the cost of fixed assets written off for expenses in previous periods in their original (replacement)

cost and is calculated using the formula

Accumulated depreciation (1.3)

Kde = Initial (recovery)

cost of fixed assets

Supplementing this indicator to 100% is the suitability coefficient. Both of these coefficients are often used in analysis to characterize the condition of fixed assets, both in general and for individual types. However, it is necessary to have a clear understanding that wear and serviceability coefficients:

They are not directly related to the physical or moral wear and tear of fixed assets;

They do not take into account the intensity of use of fixed assets, in particular shifts;

Their values ​​completely depend on the methodology adopted by the enterprise for making depreciation charges, i.e. methods for writing off one-time investments in fixed assets as expenses.

According to some estimates, when using the uniform depreciation method,

ization, a wear coefficient value of more than 50% is considered undesirable

tel.

7. Renewal rate.

Shows what part of the fixed assets available at the end of the reporting period consists of new fixed assets, and calculates

is calculated according to the formula:

Cost of (new) fixed assets received during the period

Knfa = Cost of fixed assets at the end of the period

8. Attrition rate.

Shows what part of the fixed assets with which the enterprise began operations in the reporting period was disposed of due to disrepair and

other reasons.

The calculation formula is:

Cost of fixed assets retired during the period (written off)

Kofa= Cost of fixed assets at the beginning of the period

It should be noted that both this and the previous indicator according to reporting data can only be calculated conditionally, since in the Appendix

The balance sheet contains data on all received

(retired) fixed assets, and not necessarily new (written off)

9. Current assets structure coefficient.

As a rule, current assets are divided into three groups:

current assets (inventory), funds in settlement

takh (accounts receivable) and cash and cash equivalents. This block deals with the analytical assessment of: a) the structure of the equipment;

company assets and b) the share of the type of current assets that is preferred

poses the greatest importance for this enterprise. So, in

For a trading organization, such type of asset as

Products [6].

1.2.3 Assessment of solvency, liquidity and financial stability.

One of the key tasks of analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise is to study indicators that reflect its financial stability.

vost. It is characterized by a stable excess of income over expenses, free maneuvering of funds and effective

their effective use in the process of current (operational) activities

telnosti.

Analysis of financial stability at a specific date (end of the quarter

year) allows you to establish how rationally the enterprise manages its own and borrowed funds during the period,

preceding this date.

To your own financial resources, which the enterprise has, are primarily net (undistributed)

profit and depreciation charges. An external sign of financial

The key to sustainability is the solvency of an economic entity.

Solvency is the ability of an enterprise to fulfill its

financial obligations arising from commercial, credit and

other payment transactions.

The satisfactory solvency of the enterprise is confirmed by such formal parameters as:

1) availability of free funds in settlement, currency and other bank accounts;

2) the absence of long-term overdue debts to suppliers, banks, personnel, budget, extra-budgetary funds and other credit

3) availability of own working capital (net working capital)

la) at the beginning and end of the reporting period.

Low solvency can be either accidental or long-term.

noah (chronic). The latter type can lead the enterprise to bankruptcy.

The highest type of financial stability is the ability to

commitment to develop primarily from our own sources of financing.

For a detailed reflection of different types of sources (equity, long-term and short-term loans and borrowings) in the formation

In stock management, a system of indicators is used

1. The availability of own working capital at the end of the billing period is established by the formula:

SOS = SK-BOA, (1.7)

where SOS is own working capital for the end of the billing period;

SK – equity capital (section III of the balance sheet “Capital and reserves”);

SAI – non-current assets (Section I of the balance sheet).

2. Availability of own and early borrowed sources of financing

The reduction of reserves (SDI) is determined by the formula:

SDI = SK – VOA + DKZ (1.8)

or SDI = SOS + DKZ,

where DKZ are long-term loans and borrowings (section IY of the balance sheet “Long-term

urgent obligations").

3. The total value of the main sources of reserve formation (OI)

OIZ = SDI + KKZ, (1.9)

where KKZ – short-term loans and borrowings (section Y of the balance sheet “Short-term

urgent obligations").

As a result, three indicators of stock availability can be determined:

their sources of financing:

1. Surplus (+), deficiency (-) of own and long-term sources

Inventory Finance (IFI)