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Japan after the Second World War. Plan: First period of occupation (1945 - 1947) Second period of occupation (1948 - 1951) Japanese “economic miracle” Russian-Japanese relations

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First period of occupation On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered. Unlike Germany, Japan was not occupied during hostilities, but only two weeks after accepting the terms of surrender. During this time, the ruling circles managed to retain the main officer cadres of the army and navy, turning them into “civilian” persons and dispersing them to individual regions, private firms and enterprises. As a result of the occupation, the state apparatus was not destroyed, as in Germany

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During the first period of occupation, Japan was occupied only by American troops. During the first period of occupation, American monopoly capital sought to use the military victory to weaken Japan. The economic situation of the country after the capitulation was difficult. Industrial production in 1946 was only about 30% of the 1936 level.

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The first period of occupation During this period, under the control of the American occupation authorities, political and land reforms were carried out, and a labor law was adopted. As a result, landownership was liquidated for ransom and land was redistributed in favor of the wealthy peasantry. A land maximum of 3 hectares was established, payment in kind was replaced by money. The land became the property of the peasants. The layer of wealthy peasants and middle peasants became stronger

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First period of occupation On May 3, 1947, a constitution was adopted that limited the power of the emperor. He was declared a “symbol of the unity of the nation,” but the deification of his person was canceled. Akihito. Years of reign: 1989-present Akihito (Japanese; December 23, 1933, Tokyo) reigning emperor of Japan, 125th in the dynasty. His posthumous name will be Heisei. Currently, Akihito is the only reigning emperor in the world.

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The first period of occupation of the Privy Council increased the role of the Cabinet of Ministers as an executive body and expanded the rights of the bicameral parliament. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament; consists of the House of Councilors and the House of Representatives

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The first period of occupation Universal suffrage was introduced not only for men, but also for women, democratic rights and freedoms of citizens were proclaimed, religion was separated from politics.

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The first period of occupation In 1947, anti-monopoly legislation was adopted, which was actually repealed in 1948. Japanese military monopolies and associations, which were often dissolved because they were competitors of American companies, fell under American demonopolization. The “liquidation” of pre-war monopolistic associations (zaibatsu) led to the replacement of family groups by industrial and financial concerns led by banks, which began to control the Japanese economy

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Second period of occupation In 1948, there was a reorientation of the American occupation policy towards Japan. This was due to the events that took place in China, in particular in Northern China. Since the main goal of the United States in the Far East is to transform Japan into the main springboard of its policy, relying on which they could strengthen their positions in the region, the Americans are relying on the development of heavy industry in Japan and the reconstruction of the army and navy.

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The second period of occupation On September 8, 1951, a peace treaty was signed by a number of countries that fought in the Second World War with Japan (San Francisco Peace Treaty), which entered into force on April 28, 1952. The treaty provided for Japan’s recognition of the independence of Korea, Japan’s renunciation of the rights to O. Taiwan, Pescadores, Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin Island

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Second period of occupation Under the treaty, Japan agreed to the establishment of US trusteeship (administration) over the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa) and a number of other islands. Japan accepted the obligation to renounce the threat of using force in its relations with other states. In 1952, the American-Japanese “security pact” was signed, which allowed the United States to station its ground, air and sea forces in Japan; this pact was extended in 1960.

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Second period of occupation In 1956, the state of war between the USSR and Japan was eliminated, but there is still no peace treaty between these countries. (pictured: signing of the declaration by the USSR and Japan to end the war in 1956)

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The capital of Japan is Tokyo. Administrative division of the state - 9 districts, 47 prefectures Hokkaido Tohoku Kanto Chubu Kinki Chugoku Shikoku Okinawa Kyushu Urbanization in 2000

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Japanese “economic miracle” Japan does not have an official coat of arms, but instead the coat of arms of the Imperial House of Japan is often used - a stylized image of a chrysanthemum with sixteen petals. The same image is also on the foreign passports of the Japanese (they do not have internal ones). In the period from 1952. before the beginning of the Heisei period (1989), Japan was emerging from the crisis, restoring the economy and industry, which during the Heisei period led to a qualitative leap in the development of the country's economy and to the “Japanese economic miracle”

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Japanese “economic miracle” “Economic miracle” is the rapid pace of economic growth, which in the shortest possible time allowed Japan not only to fully recover after defeat in the war, but also to take second place in economic power, consistently surpassing France, Italy, Canada, Great Britain, and Germany , USSR and second only to the USA. Japan has been the second largest economy in the world since 1968, losing to China in 2010.

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Japanese “economic miracle” The restoration of Japan’s economic position in the world in the 50s and 60s, and the rise of this country to second place in the world in terms of economic potential in the beginning. 90 - one of the most important events in post-war world history, of interest not only from a political but also from a scientific point of view.

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The Japanese “economic miracle” In the first post-war years, the rate of recovery of the Japanese economy was lower than that of Western Europe. The turning point came in 1948-49, with the beginning of “shock therapy,” the characteristic features of which were:

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Japanese “economic miracle” Insignificant expenditure on weapons. Purchase of patents, licenses, their rapid implementation into production. Use of high technology. State regulation of the economy. Highly qualified workers. Features of the Japanese mentality are hard work and enthusiasm. Export orientation of the economy. Unique control system.

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The Japanese “economic miracle” Based on the need to maintain peace in society, the Government strongly encouraged a system of lifelong employment in industrial enterprises. Japan is characterized not by competition among the unemployed for jobs, which often requires their expensive retraining for new professions or maintenance at the expense of social funds, but by competition among workers within firms, which helps increase their productivity. In addition, such a system mitigates the difference in wages for employees of companies in which relations between labor and capital are built on a paternalistic basis (if in the USA the difference in income between the President of an average company and an unskilled worker reaches 20:1, then in Japan it is only 8: 1).

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Japanese “economic miracle “The end of the miracle” Dr. Econ. Sciences Belousov Andrey Removich dates the end of the “miracle” to 1985, when Japan signed the famous Plaza Agreements (named after the hotel in which they were signed), as a result of which the yen revalued (increased) by 1.5 times, and the rate of economic growth by Japan fell from 8% to 2% in the 1990s. became a “lost decade” for Japan, as the bursting of the “bubble” of the Japanese economy caused serious damage to all industries, as well as the banking and financial sectors. The country managed to get out only in 2000

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Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War The absence of the signature of the Soviet representative to the San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan left an unfavorable imprint on the further development of relations between Moscow and Tokyo. However, Japan's economic needs and its desire to increase its independence in the international arena and weaken the excessive one-sided orientation towards Washington led to the establishment of Soviet-Japanese relations with the middle. 50 years

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Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War The Declaration of 1956 increased Japan's independence in world politics and turned it into an equal member of the world Community, which caused the displeasure of Washington. Under his pressure, the next Kishi Government sabotaged the preparation and signing of the Soviet-Japanese Peace Treaty, and at the same time forced the modernization of the Japanese-American Security Pact in the new edition of 1960, which provided for the maintenance of the American military presence on Japanese territory for at least another 10 years.

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Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War In this regard, in the Statement of the Soviet Government made in 1960, the transfer to Japan of the islands of Habomai and Shikotan was conditional on the preliminary fulfillment of two conditions by Tokyo: the signing of the Peace Treaty and the withdrawal of foreign (i.e. American) troops from its territory. Since then, political relations between Moscow and Tokyo have been poisoned not only by the absence of a Peace Treaty and the US military presence in Japan, but also by the problem of the “northern territories”, the “return” of which the Japanese side insists.

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Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War The unsettled political relations between the two countries did not always affect economic ties between them (largely due to the parallel “unofficial” policy of Japanese business circles, which ignored Washington’s dissatisfaction on this matter).

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Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War With the collapse of the USSR, the Russian Government pinned certain hopes on economic support for the reform course from Japan. While sympathizing in principle with the market transformations in Russia, Tokyo, in turn, expected territorial and political concessions from Moscow (the return of the “northern territories”) and an investment climate favorable for business. Since none of these wishes of the Japanese side have been fulfilled, political relations between the two countries remain subdued.

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Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War 08/10/13 Russian President Vladimir Putin considers it possible to conclude a peace treaty with Japan - at a practical level, this work has already been resumed. “All this (economic cooperation) creates conditions for us not only to dream, but also to work in practical terms to conclude a peace treaty. In order for us to approach this, we need to create not the image of an enemy, but the image of a friend. It seems to me that this is quite possible with Japan,” Putin told reporters. The leaders of the Russian Federation and Japan Vladimir Putin and Shinzo Abe discussed the topic of a peace treaty

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Text content of presentation slides: Japan after the Second World War. Plan: First period of occupation (1945 - 1947) Second period of occupation (1948 - 1951) Japanese “economic miracle” Russian-Japanese relations First period of occupation On September 2, 1945, Japan capitulated. Unlike Germany, Japan was not occupied during hostilities, but only two weeks after accepting the terms of surrender. During this time, the ruling circles managed to retain the main officer cadres of the army and navy, turning them into “civilian” persons and dispersing them to individual regions, private firms and enterprises. As a result of the occupation, the state apparatus was not destroyed, as in Germany. The first period of occupation, Japan was occupied only by American troops. During the first period of occupation, American monopoly capital sought to use the military victory to weaken Japan. The economic situation of the country after the capitulation was difficult. The volume of industrial production in 1946 was only about 30% of the level of 1936. The first period of occupation During this period, under the control of the American occupation authorities, political and land reforms were carried out, and a labor law was adopted. As a result, landownership was liquidated for ransom and land was redistributed in favor of the wealthy peasantry. A land maximum of 3 hectares was established, payment in kind was replaced by money. The land became the property of the peasants. The layer of wealthy peasants and middle peasants was strengthened. The first period of occupation. On May 3, 1947, a constitution was adopted that limited the power of the emperor. He was declared a “symbol of the unity of the nation,” but the deification of his person was canceled. Akihito. Years of reign: 1989-present Akihito (Japanese; December 23, 1933, Tokyo) reigning emperor of Japan, 125th in the dynasty. His posthumous name will be Heisei. Currently, Akihito is the only ruling emperor in the world. The first period of occupation of the Privy Council increased the role of the cabinet of ministers as an executive body, and expanded the rights of the bicameral parliament. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament; consists of the House of Councilors and the House of Representatives. The first period of occupation. Universal suffrage was introduced not only for men, but also for women, democratic rights and freedoms of citizens were proclaimed, religion was separated from politics. First period of occupation In 1947, anti-monopoly legislation was adopted, which was actually repealed in 1948. Japanese military monopolies and associations, which were often dissolved because they were competitors of American companies, fell under American demonopolization. The “liquidation” of pre-war monopolistic associations (zaibatsu) led to the replacement of family groups by industrial and financial concerns led by banks, which began to control the Japanese economy. The second period of occupation In 1948, there was a reorientation of the American occupation policy towards Japan. This was due to the events that took place in China, in particular in Northern China. Since the main goal of the United States in the Far East is to transform Japan into the main springboard of its policy, relying on which they could strengthen their positions in the region, the Americans are relying on the development of heavy industry in Japan and the reconstruction of the army and navy. The second period of occupation On September 8, 1951, a peace treaty was signed by a number of countries that fought in the Second World War with Japan (San Francisco Peace Treaty), which entered into force on April 28, 1952. The treaty provided for Japan’s recognition of the independence of Korea, Japan’s renunciation of the rights to O. Taiwan, Pescadores, Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin Island Second period of occupation Under the treaty, Japan agreed to the establishment of US trusteeship (control) over the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa) and a number of other islands. Japan accepted the obligation to renounce the threat of using force in its relations with other states. In 1952, the American-Japanese “security pact” was signed, which allowed the United States to station its ground, air and sea forces in Japan; this pact was extended in 1960. Second period of occupation In 1956, the state of war between the USSR and Japan was eliminated, but there is still no peace treaty between these countries. (in the photo: the signing of the declaration by the USSR and Japan on ending the war in 1956) The capital of Japan is Tokyo. Administrative division of the state is 9 districts, 47 prefecturesHokkaidoTohoku KantoChubuKinkiChugokuShikokuOkinawaKyushuUrbanization in 200079.0%21.0% Urban population Rural population Japanese “economic” miracle Japan does not have an official coat of arms, but instead the coat of arms of the Imperial House of Japan is often used - a stylized image of a chrysanthemum with sixteen petals. The same image is also on the foreign passports of the Japanese (they do not have internal ones) In the period from 1952. before the beginning of the Heisei period (1989), Japan was emerging from the crisis, restoring the economy and industry, which during the Heisei period led to a qualitative leap in the development of the country's economy and to the “Japanese economic miracle” Japanese “economic miracle” Economic miracle - rapid economic growth rates, which in the shortest possible time allowed Japan not only to fully recover after defeat in the war, but also to take second place in economic power, consistently surpassing France, Italy, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, the USSR and second only to the United States. Japan has been listed as the second economy in the world since 1968, losing to China in 2010. The Japanese “economic miracle” Restoration of Japan’s economic position in the world in the 50s and 60s, and the rise of this country to second place in the world in terms of economic potential in the beginning. 90 - one of the most important events in post-war world history, of interest not only from a political but also from a scientific point of view. The Japanese “economic miracle” In the first post-war years, the rate of recovery of the Japanese economy was lower than that of Western Europe. The turning point came in 1948-49, with the beginning of “shock therapy,” the characteristic features of which were:
style.rotation Japanese “economic miracle” Insignificant costs for weapons. Purchase of patents, licenses, their rapid implementation into production. Use of high-tech technologies. State regulation of the economy. Highly qualified workers. Peculiarities of the Japanese mentality - hard work and enthusiasm. Export-oriented economy. Unique management system. The Japanese “economic miracle” Based on the need to maintain peace in society, the Government strongly encouraged a system of lifelong employment in industrial enterprises. Japan is characterized not by competition among the unemployed for jobs, which often requires their expensive retraining for new professions or maintenance at the expense of social funds, but by competition among workers within firms, which helps increase their productivity. In addition, such a system mitigates the difference in wages for employees of companies in which relations between labor and capital are built on a paternalistic basis (if in the USA the difference in income between the President of an average company and an unskilled worker reaches 20:1, then in Japan it is only 8: 1). Japanese “economic miracle” “The end of the miracle” Dr. Econ. Sciences Belousov Andrey Removich dates the end of the “miracle” to 1985, when Japan signed the famous Plaza Agreements (named after the hotel in which they were signed), as a result of which the yen revalued (increased) by 1.5 times, and the rate of economic growth by Japan fell from 8% to 2% in the 1990s. became a “lost decade” for Japan, as the bursting of the “bubble” of the Japanese economy caused serious damage to all industries, as well as the banking and financial sectors. The country managed to get out only in 2000. Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War. The absence of the signature of the Soviet representative under the San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan left an unfavorable imprint on the further development of relations between Moscow and Tokyo. However, Japan's economic needs and its desire to increase its independence in the international arena and weaken the excessive one-sided orientation towards Washington led to the establishment of Soviet-Japanese relations with the middle. 50 years Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War In 1956, as a result of the visit of Prime Minister Hatoyama to Moscow, the Soviet-Japanese Declaration was signed. It provided for the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries, the settlement of such an important issue for Japan regarding fishing conditions, Moscow’s consent to admit Japan to the UN, and the “transfer” to Japan, after the signing of the Peace Treaty between Moscow and Tokyo, of the islands of the Lesser Kuril ridge of Habomai and Shikotan. Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World WarThe Declaration of 1956 increased Japan's independence in world politics and turned it into an equal member of the world Community, which caused the displeasure of Washington. Under his pressure, the next Kishi Government sabotaged the preparation and signing of the Soviet-Japanese Peace Treaty, and at the same time forced the modernization of the Japanese-American Security Pact in the new edition of 1960, which provided for the maintenance of the American military presence on Japanese territory for at least another 10 years. Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War In this regard, in the Statement of the Soviet Government made in 1960, the transfer to Japan of the islands of Habomai and Shikotan was conditional on the preliminary fulfillment of two conditions by Tokyo: the signing of the Peace Treaty and the withdrawal of foreign (i.e. American) troops from its territory. Since then, political relations between Moscow and Tokyo have been poisoned not only by the absence of a Peace Treaty and the US military presence in Japan, but also by the problem of the “northern territories”, the “return” of which the Japanese side insists. Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War The unsettled political relations between the two countries did not always affect economic ties between them (largely due to the parallel “unofficial” policy of Japanese business circles, which ignored Washington’s dissatisfaction on this matter). Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War With the collapse of the USSR, the Russian Government pinned certain hopes on economic support for the reform course from Japan. While sympathizing in principle with the market transformations in Russia, Tokyo, in turn, expected territorial and political concessions from Moscow (the return of the “northern territories”) and an investment climate favorable for business. Since none of these wishes of the Japanese side have been fulfilled, political relations between the two countries remain restrained. Russian-Japanese relations after the Second World War08/10/13 Russian President Vladimir Putin considers it possible to conclude a peace treaty with Japan - on a practical level, this work has already been resumed.“ All this (economic cooperation) creates conditions for us not only to dream, but also to work in practical terms to conclude a peace treaty. In order for us to approach this, we need to create not the image of an enemy, but the image of a friend. It seems to me that this is quite possible with Japan,” Putin told reporters. The leaders of the Russian Federation and Japan Vladimir Putin and Shinzo Abe discussed the topic of a peace treaty

Post-war economic development. At the end of the war in 1945, a quarter of the national
the country's wealth was destroyed, production fell to
1935. Occupation forces that were under
American command, along with demilitarization
forced Japan to carry out land reform, dissolve
financial and industrial oligarchic groups "zaibatsu",
liberalization of the labor movement and other democratic
transformations. Thus, in Japanese society
reforms took place based on the principles of democracy
"American style". Compulsory education was also
increased from 6 to 9 years. All this then had a great impact
on the course of development of the country. It was a kind of revolution and
served as the basis on which rapid growth became possible
Japanese economy after the war. Thanks to the widespread help
USA, their transfer of technology to Japan, as well as the opening to
the Japanese of their colossal market, in the 50s and 60s Japan was able
achieve accelerated economic growth. Besides,
the escalation of the Cold War made it almost inevitable
the rebirth of Japan as a bastion of a free economy.

Oil crisis 1973

The oil crisis of 1973 is difficult
responded in Japan. Due to a sharp jump
oil prices in 1974 in Japan
economy was for the first time since the war
registered negative growth minus zero point two percent.
However, thanks to strict policies
energy saving and revolutionary
technologies, as well as comprehensive
reform of the economic structure,
Japanese economy came out of oil
crisis, having even more powerful
competitiveness.

Political life in the early 70s

In political life in the early 70s
years, the ruling LDP encouraged
militaristic tendencies grew
military expenses. Prestige
governments undermined facts
direct intervention of a major
capital for the election campaign
(Lockheed case
»).

Foreign policy in the 60s

characterized by strengthening
relations with the USA. However, under
influence of economic needs
showed interest in developing connections
with various countries.

In the 90s, Japan paid attention
ensuring security in the Asia-Pacific region,
vigorously explores Asian markets
(works on options for organizing
"Asian Free Trade Area"
pays great attention to China and the Asia-Pacific region),
looking for a “new path” and a new role in the world,
became a member of the UN Security Council, began
resolving the issue of more than 20 US military bases on its territory.
In relations with the USSR and Russia
there were periods of rise and fall, in
difference from political, diplomatic and
military, economic relations
develop with great stress.

"Japan 2 World War" - Results. Hidden movement towards consensus. Contents: Regulatory. Marxist ideas. Economy after the war. Reasons for the "Japanese miracle". Korea. Agrarian state. Represents the middle line between the interests of Tokyo and Washington. Kuril Islands South Sakhalin. Purchase of patents and licenses. Japan in the modern world.

“Japanese Culture” - Fundamental question: This project is dedicated to Japanese culture, in particular corporate culture. Brief summary: What is the difference between Japanese culture and the cultures of other countries? Problematic issues: Research plan: Research:

“Islands of Japan” - Country area - 377.9 thousand km? The capital is Tokyo. Japan is an island country in East Asia. Japan. Geography. Religion. Relief. The waters of many rivers are used for irrigation. Christians are a religious minority, making up just 2% of the population. The highest point in Japan is Mount Fuji. The four largest islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku.

“Japan 11th grade” - And least of all - a glass vase. Architecture of Japan. It is not customary to fry fish and other seafood. During cooking, do not stir the rice and wait until all the water has boiled away. The walls slide apart like bookcase doors. Rock garden. The houses are made of wooden slats. Hieroglyphs. A popular method of non-thermal cooking of fish is soaking in vinegar (marinade).

"Culture in Japan" - Ryoanji Rock Garden in Kyoto. Buddhism is a creed with a complex philosophy, ideas of impermanence and the fragility of all things. Poetic game. "Find the ending to haiku." Compose the last line in haiku. Spiritual and religious foundations of Japanese culture. Noh theater, Kabuki theater, Joruri theater. Moral values ​​are embodied in the images of nature and revealed through the image of man.

“Japan as a country” - Agriculture. Malaysia and Canada have been and remain major suppliers of iron ore. Major partners are the Republic of Korea and China. Emperor Akihito. The rivers of Japan are numerous, but short. Geography lessons. Geographical information. Shinto shrine. In the export of finished industrial products (64%) falls on machinery and equipment.

Presentation on the topic Japan in the post-war era. Presentation - test for a 12th grade student, evening school.

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“Presentation (test) on the topic of Japan in the post-war period”

History of Japan from 1945-2010

Work completed

12th grade student in the village of Topolevo

Chetvina Tatyana

Head: Ruzankina I.S.

Work Plan

• 1. Government of Japan, population
• 2. Japanese economic miracle 1950-1970.
• 3. Political development
• 4. Internal policy
• 5. Foreign policy

State structure

• Constitutional monarchy, headed by Emperor Akihito
• Unitary state, capital Tokyo
• Population as of 2010: 128,057,352 people (currently the number of Japanese is decreasing)
• Currency unit – 1 yen = 10 sen

Economic miracle

• Japanese economic miracle- the historical phenomenon of record growth of the Japanese economy, which began in the mid-1950s and continued until the oil crisis of 1973. Economic growth during the period of the economic miracle was almost 10% annually, this was the highest growth rate among developed countries at that time. Among the reasons for the “miracle” are low taxes and the intensive development of new technologies by Japanese science, information about which almost did not reach Japan before the Second World War due to the isolationist policy of the authorities.
• Rapid growth rates in the shortest possible time allowed Japan not only to fully recover after defeat in the war, but also to take second place in terms of economic power (nominal), consistently surpassing France, Italy, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, USSR and second only to USA. Japan was listed as the second economy in the world for more than 40 years: since 1968, giving way to China only in 2010.

Economic miracle (1950-1970)

• September 1945 - signing of the peace treaty between the USA and Japan in San Francisco
• 1952 – end of American occupation
• Low starting level
• Protectionist policy
• State support for industries
• Cheap, qualified labor
• Limitation of expenses on military-industrial complex
• Modernization of production
• Effective labor incentive system
• Product quality control
• Features of mentality

• The United States played a major role in the industrialization of Japan.
• Democratic reforms were carried out
• Japanese family concerns that monopolized the economy were dissolved
• A reform was carried out in agriculture, large landholdings were liquidated
• The country saved enormous amounts of money on the development of its own science through the acquisition of patent licenses
• A workforce management system was developed
• A high degree of government regulation has always been characteristic: a forecast was compiled every five years

Factors of the “economic miracle”

Post-war reforms

• In Japan, non-corrupt officials predominated;
• Political parties have been revived
• The secret police were disbanded;
• The activities of the media and trade unions became free;
• In the economic sphere, control over prices and the distribution of main resources was maintained, which prevented inequality in the distribution of income;
• To combat inflation, the government implemented a monetary reform, which was accompanied by severe cuts in budget spending and a freeze on household savings;
• Low-interest loans were aimed primarily at reviving key industries;
• The pre-war managers of enterprises were purged;
• It is competition that has become the most important driving force in the development of the Japanese economy.

Political development

Japan's political system after World War II was based on a multi-party parliamentary democracy with the emperor retained as head of state. In January 1989, 55-year-old Akihito, the eldest son of the deceased Emperor Showa, became the 125th Emperor of Japan. According to traditional Japanese chronology, a new era began, officially named Heisei.

Domestic policy Japanese policy at the end of the twentieth century. Xx| century.

• In the 1979s, electronically controlled devices began to be widely used in industry and the service sector.
• In the political sphere, the situation in the country is stable.
• The ruling Liberal Democratic Party, like the country as a whole, is skillfully adapting to new conditions.

Foreign policy (stages)

Stages

Characteristic

Stage 1 (1950-1960s)

Full subordination to the US foreign policy circle

Stage 2 (1970-1980s)

Priority development of relations with countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines.

Stage 3 (199-2000s)

Transition to “global cooperation” with the United States and other countries to protect Japan’s interests.

Japanese foreign policy in the late 20th and early 21st centuries

• Japanese electronics companies producing microprocessors control 60-90% of the world market for certain types.
• In the mid-1980s, Japan supplanted the United States as the leading manufacturer of the most advanced integrated circuits and various types of lasers. Optical fibers, etc.
• Japan has become a world leader in the development of industries related to the latest production technologies and the use of advanced scientific achievements.
• In the foreign policy arena, Japan strives to establish equal and mutually beneficial relations with all countries of the world.
• Its main strategic partner throughout the post-war years has been the United States.