On October 2, the Cabinet of Ministers approved standards for the mandatory installation of trash cans in populated areas, Norma.uz reported with reference to the resolution “On measures to further improve the efficiency of work in the field of household waste management.”

The document establishes the procedure for handling household waste, taking into account the specific types (large-sized, construction, vehicle waste, hazardous waste), their collection, transportation and disposal.

To prevent contamination of territories, buildings and structures with solid household waste, bins are installed that are specifically designed for the collection and temporary storage of solid household waste.

• At the entrances to apartment buildings - 1 piece;
• At each entrance (exit) to the buildings of organizations, as well as retail facilities - 1−2 pieces;
• At each entrance (exit) to the metro, underground and overground passages - 2 pieces;
• In parks, forests, gardens, boulevards, squares, alleys and others - 1 piece for every 800 sq. m of facility area and at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other, with installation along the line of paths and sidewalks;
• In markets and retail facilities (supermarket, hypermarket and others) - 1 piece for every 250 sq. m of facility area and at a distance of no more than 10 m from each other, with installation along the line of sales counters;
• At public passenger transport stops - 1−2 pieces;
• At entrances (exits) to parking lots and parking lots - 1−2 pcs.;
• On the courtyard territory of medical institutions - 1 piece for every 700 square meters. m of facility area, and on the main alleys - no more than 10 m from each other;
• In specially designated smoking areas - 1-2 pcs;
• On beaches and recreation areas adjacent to water areas (rivers, lakes, bays or ponds) - 1 piece for every 800 sq. m of object area and at a distance of no more than 50 m from each other, with placement no more than 15 m from the water's edge and 3-5 m from a strip of green space;
• In the adjacent areas of apartment buildings and central squares, sidewalks and pedestrian areas along main streets, as well as on bridges - 1 piece at a distance of no more than every 50 m with heavy pedestrian traffic, no more than every 100 m in sparsely populated places.

In addition, requirements have been introduced for ballot boxes and their use. Stationary street ballot boxes must have a movable design (tipping mechanism) and have a base for stable fastening. Emptying and cleaning bins should be carried out systematically as they are filled, but at least once a day.

Urns should be washed and disinfected at least once a month. Special garbage bags may be used to ensure trash bins are clean and easy to empty.

The document describes the procedure for organizing waste collection points. They must be removed from the windows of residential buildings, the boundaries of areas of children's institutions, recreational areas by at least 20 m, but not more than 100 m, and also be out of sight from transit transport and pedestrian communications, away from the street facades of buildings.

Containers must be different in color for separate waste collection and marked with special signs and inscriptions. There are four types of mandatory containers:

• Blue - for recyclable waste (a mixture of secondary material resources);
• Brown - for organic waste (food and other biodegradable household waste);
• Gray - for non-recyclable waste;
• Orange - for hazardous waste (used mercury-containing lamps, waste mercury thermometers, all types of storage elements, etc.).

Waste collection points can contain three additional containers:

• Yellow - for plastic waste;
• White - for glass and cullet waste;
• Blue - for paper waste.

Control over compliance with these requirements is entrusted to the Inspectorate for Control over the Generation, Collection, Storage, Transportation, Recycling, Processing, Burial and Sale of Waste of the State Committee for Ecology and its territorial divisions.

In cases where a violation is detected, it issues orders and takes measures to bring the perpetrators to administrative responsibility.

Where do heavy metal boxes from porches go?

The improvement of the city consists of little things. And in the literal sense: Muscovites began to complain about the lack of trash cans in the city. More than a hundred complaints have already been submitted to the well-known city portal. Some of them have a clear fantastical connotation: trash cans appear at entrances for a couple of months, and then disappear. MK figured out who is responsible for trash cans in Moscow courtyards and whether they are even needed near our entrances.

There are no trash cans near the entrances at all! A huge number of people walk past the house to the metro and back. There is nowhere to throw the garbage. They just throw it on the ground! - Natalya Emelyanova, a resident of the house on Marshal Vasilevsky Street, complains.

And there are dozens of such messages about garbage where there should be a garbage can. Moreover, urns have a sad tendency to disappear. For example, Denis Pavlov, a resident of a house on Volgogradsky Avenue, complains that the trash can disappeared near the house because it was not concreted. The same thing happens on Dobrolyubova Street, on Leninsky Prospekt (“Currently, out of six entrances, only one has a trash can. It’s not surprising that it is always overflowing and garbage is scattered around”), on Rogova Street in Shchukin (“Our entrance has been deprived of a trash can again! ") and on many other streets.

At first glance, it seems that ballot boxes in the capital have begun to disappear en masse. However, municipal deputies interviewed by MK said that there is no citywide program for eliminating ballot boxes. As the municipal deputy of the Zyuzino district, Konstantin Yankauskas, explained to MK, the State Budgetary Institution “Zhilischnik” of the districts is responsible for the local area and trash cans like it.

If a ballot box has disappeared at the entrance, then the resident needs to contact this organization or the district government and ask for it back, the mayor explained. - Why are ballot boxes disappearing? Either they served their time, or someone took them away. They are sometimes stolen as an alternative place for smoking.

By the way, the simplest ballot box costs about 800 rubles. Who and why decided to cut down or dig up an ordinary piece of iron (even instead of an ashtray) is a big question.

Every year, a targeted list of improvements is formed in each district, says Jankauskas. - If the yard is included in this program, then, among other things, they can install a trash can at the entrance, on the playground and in other areas. This list, according to the law, is formed on the basis of requests from residents, municipal deputies, acts of OATI and on the basis of inspections of the territory carried out by the government. If there are no clear messages, then, as a rule, the project may not contain what residents need.

In practice the situation is slightly different. Residents can write similar appeals for several years, asking for the installation of artificial turf on the playground, even the same trash can, but receive the same answer from the council: the list has been agreed upon, your appeal was not included. Municipal deputies call the system for coordinating addresses of public amenities non-transparent. This seems to be true, since on the same city portal some of the relatively old complaints about certain areas (for example, Kuzminki) remained unanswered.

Butyrsky became the leader in appeals among the districts. True, most of them were written by the same user...

According to a recent walk-through (the last one was on Saturday, November 3, with representatives of the council and the State Budgetary Institution “Zhilischnik”), in several courtyards, installation according to such requests led to the fact that ballot boxes were placed near the entrances and “ate” one parking space... - Marina Denezhkina, municipal deputy of the Butyrsky district, told MK.

Given the shortage of parking in Moscow courtyards, this is a real problem. You can carry a candy wrapper in your pocket, but you can’t put a car in your pocket... “Did they do good with their ballot boxes or not?” - the municipal deputy asks a rhetorical question. “They” are most likely people from Zhilischnik. Perhaps the answer will be given by Moscow government decree No. 1018 from 1999. Let's quote him: “At every entrance of residential buildings... trash cans should be installed. The trash cans are installed at a distance of 50 m from one another on streets of the first category, markets, train stations and other places where the population is crowded, on other streets, in courtyards, parks, gardens and other areas - at a distance of up to 100 m.”

Apparently, in order to maintain the required distance of 100 meters at the entrances, our utility workers either place trash cans wherever possible or don’t place them at all. But then they violate point number one...

By the way, Marina Denezhkina raised an old sore question: “Are trash cans really needed at every entrance?”

The ballot box can be placed near the playground, the deputy believes. - It is not needed near the entrance. Firstly, we then protect the entrance itself from negative acts that are called terrorist. Secondly, no one comes to the entrance to a residential building to smoke.

The story of ballot boxes and terrorism is really relevant. However, Moscow, it seems, has not yet decided whether it wants cleanliness near every house or not?

If our city is developing along the path of separate waste collection, then a separate trash can at the entrance is clearly not a means of achieving this goal, says urbanist Pyotr Ivanov. - And then it must be removed, because they can throw anything there. Even household garbage, if imperfect garbage chutes allow it. In many homes, the garbage chute does not open wide enough to accommodate a bag of garbage. And it’s easier to actually leave the entrance and throw your stuff in the trash. It's a matter of the rules of the game. If we play separate collection, we remove the trash cans and create garbage bins for this. It all comes down to city politics.

By the way, the capital is now trying to fight on two fronts: we seem to be for separate collection and the environment, but trash cans are still our everything... Meanwhile, in Moscow, in addition to projects for separate waste collection, transparent containers made of mesh are appearing for collecting empty plastic bottles. In particular, such containers were noticed in the yards on Varshavskoye Highway by residents of the Chertanovo Central district.

WHAT ABOUT THEM?

After a series of terrorist attacks in the 1990s, Paris authorities decided to abandon closed trash cans in favor of transparent bags with fastenings. This type of garbage collection makes it possible to quickly respond to suspicious items, although local residents immediately noticed that bags of garbage disfigure the city streets. However, the practice caught on - from Paris such bags also migrated to Italy and Malta.

After the terrorist attacks in the 2010s, French authorities briefly discussed the possibility of installing special heavy-duty urns that would contain the force of the explosion inside. However, this idea is very expensive and has not yet gained widespread acceptance.

Famous designer Artemy Lebedev wrote a blog about the consequences of the desire to benefit one’s neighbors. Unfortunately, the story of a famous designer is as old as time - the neighbors did not appreciate the good deeds done for them, and as a result, the desire to make the life of their yard more comfortable and civilized turned into a real conflict... We hope that this story will serve as a lesson to those who read and teach it them, if not to take personal part in the improvement of their home and yard, then at least treat the work of others with gratitude and respect.

Soon the ballot box was dismantled - it was removed, as if it really were city property, all that remained of the ballot box were four holes from the anchors with which it was secured... The house took on a life of its own again...

The resilient Artemy Lebedev writes that this story, first of all, taught him the following:
"1. For trash cans intended to be installed near residential buildings, it will be necessary to reduce the area of ​​the hole into which garbage can be inserted so that a bottle will fit through, but a bag of garbage will not fit through.
2. It will be necessary to replace the metal door to the entrance with a glass one. I have already ordered drawings of my building from the archive in order to be as close as possible to the historical version of the door. Perhaps this will improve the neighbors a little.
3. It will be necessary to develop a narrow bin for small waste - larger than for bulls, but smaller than for household waste.”

In general, the design says the following:
“I take this calmly, because I know that you should never expect gratitude from anyone, but many naive people, not finding sympathy, merge,” says Artemy.

Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers dated October 2, 2018 No. approved the Rules for the placement and operation of infrastructure facilities for sanitary cleaning and household waste management.

The document reflects the procedure for handling household waste, taking into account the specifics of its types (large-sized, construction, vehicle waste, hazardous waste, etc.), as well as the collection, transportation and disposal of waste.

The following points deserve special attention.

Firstly , standards for the mandatory installation of trash cans in populated areas have been approved ( see table below).

Territory	Number of ballot boxes in a given area
At the entrances to apartment buildings
At each entrance (exit) to the buildings of organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal form, as well as retail facilities
At each entrance (exit) to the metro, underground and overground passages
At facilities intended to satisfy the cultural and everyday needs and recreation of the population (culture and recreation parks, forests, gardens, boulevards, squares, alleys, etc.)	1 PC. for every 800 m2 of object area and at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other - when installed along the line of paths and sidewalks
In markets and retail facilities (supermarket, hypermarket, etc.)	1 PC. for every 250 m2 of object area and at a distance of no more than 10 m from each other - when installed along the line of sales counters
At public transport stops
At entrances (exits) to parking lots and parking lots
In the courtyard area of ​​medical institutions	1 PC. for every 700 m 2 of the facility area, and on the main alleys - no more than 10 m from each other
In designated smoking areas
On beaches and territories of recreational areas adjacent to water areas (rivers, lakes, bays or ponds)	1 PC. for every 800 m2 of the facility area and at a distance of no more than 50 m from each other, with placement no more than 15 m from the water’s edge and 3-5 m from the green space
In the adjacent areas of apartment buildings and central squares, sidewalks and pedestrian areas along main streets, as well as on bridges (depending on the intensity of use of the area)	1 piece each at a distance of no more than every 50 m - with heavy pedestrian traffic and no more than every 100 m - in sparsely populated areas

! The entities responsible for cleaning areas and installing trash bins are.

Secondly , introduced requirements for the ballot boxes themselves and their use. Stationary street bins must have a tip-over mechanism and have a base to be firmly secured in place. And near trade pavilions (including mobile tents, stalls and trays) within a radius of up to 5 m, portable bins or with removable buckets inside for emptying are placed.

The bins must be emptied and cleaned systematically as they are filled, but at least once a day, and washed and disinfected at least once a month, or use special garbage bags (bags).

The bins are installed and maintained (cleaning, emptying, flushing, disinfection and repair) at the expense of .

Third , the procedure for organizing waste collection points is described. They must be removed from the windows of residential buildings, the boundaries of areas of children's institutions, recreational areas by at least 20 m, but not more than 100 m, and also be out of sight from transit transport and pedestrian communications, away from the street facades of buildings.

The area of ​​the waste collection point and the number of containers in it are determined in accordance with sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards. However, containers must differ in color for separate waste collection and be marked with special signs and inscriptions. In total, there are four types of mandatory containers and three more additional ones ( see table below).

Purpose of the container (type of household waste placed)	Container color
Mandatory
Recyclable (representing a mixture of secondary material resources)
Organic (food and other biodegradable household waste)	Brown
Non-recyclable (other household waste)
Hazardous (used mercury-containing lamps, waste mercury thermometers, all types of storage elements, etc.)	Orange
Additional
Plastic waste
Waste glass and cullet
Paper waste

! Compliance with the described requirements is under the constant supervision of the Inspectorate for Control of the Generation, Collection, Storage, Transportation, Disposal, Processing, Burial and Sale of Waste from the State Committee for Ecology and its territorial divisions. Having discovered a violation, it issues an order and takes measures to bring those responsible to administrative responsibility for failure to comply.