Accounting policy for JSC for the year. Accounting policy sample

Unfortunately, with the onset of 2017, there will be many documents with outdated and template wording, due to which a dispute with the tax office is possible. In this article you will find seven of the most dangerous language in template and outdated accounting policies and safe alternatives for them.

About fixed assets
Remove reference to classification from the accounting policy.
About simplified accounting
Reword the phrase that the company simplified accounting because it is small.
About errors
Distinguish between significant and insignificant errors.
About loans and credits
Cross out the clause that interest is standardized. What to replace it with?
About the programs
Add a rule according to which you write off expenses for the program.
About direct expenses and reserves
Include a detailed list of direct expenses in the policy and update provisions regarding reserves.

Accounting policy

Fixed assets;
Simplified accounting;
Errors.

About the period of use of fixed assets

Until 2017, most companies determined the useful life of fixed assets in accounting according to tax classification. Regulatory acts allowed this to be done. But since 2017, this norm has been abolished. The amendment is due to the fact that in accounting the company must be guided by PBU 6/01. According to PBU, the useful life of a fixed asset is the period during which the object will bring economic benefits.

In connection with the amendment, change the wording in the accounting policies. Write that you determine the period of use as stated in the PBU. Then the auditors will not have any comments on the accounting policies.

To bring tax and accounting closer together, a company can continue to focus on tax classification. But if you plan to use the object significantly less or more than the classification period, then it is more correct to set a planned period in accounting.

How to set the useful life of a fixed asset. A company can still rely on tax classification when determining the useful life of a fixed asset in accounting. After all, fixed assets in the classification are distributed into groups on an economic basis, and not arbitrarily. But we advise you not to write this in your accounting policy. The company must have its own procedure for determining deadlines in accounting. In some organizations, the term is determined by the fixed assets commission, in others - by one accountant. Describe this in your accounting policy. In addition, the classification does not take into account the specific conditions of use of fixed assets - aggressive environment, the company’s intention to quickly update fixed assets, etc. If you predict that in fact you will use the object significantly less or more than in the classification, set the actual period of use .

About simplified accounting

Previously, the PBU had rules on a simplified accounting procedure for a small company. Therefore, formulas like “The company, as a small business entity, maintains simplified accounting” remain in the template policies. But these standards have already been removed from the PBU. For example, PBU 18/02 stated that “small businesses” may not apply it. Now this phrase has been replaced by “organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods.”

The outdated policy provision on simplified accounting should be updated or removed. After all, the difference is not only in wording, but also in essence. Not all small businesses are eligible to simplify their accounting. The income limit for small enterprises is 800 million rubles. But if revenue for the previous year exceeds 400 million rubles or assets exceed 60 million rubles, the company is subject to mandatory audit. And those companies that are subject to mandatory audits by auditors do not have the right to simplify their accounting. Even if they are small.

Credit cooperatives, microfinance and other organizations that are listed in Part 5 of Article 6 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ must also keep full records.

If you are convinced that your company is not on the prohibited lists, update the wording about simplified accounting. If the company does not have the right to conduct simplified accounting, remove the conditions regarding it from the accounting policy for 2017.

About errors

A frequent remark from auditors is that the accounting policies do not say which errors are considered significant. And the level of significance of the errors determines how to correct them. If the error is significant and it was discovered after the statements were approved, a retrospective recalculation is required. That is, the indicators of previous reporting need to be recalculated as if there were no shortcomings. The company determines independently which errors are considered significant.

Those companies that have the right to simplify accounting may not make a retrospective recalculation. That is, such companies can correct significant errors in the same order as non-material ones. Then the accounting policy does not need to establish criteria for significant errors.

Tax accounting policy

Loans and credits;
Direct costs;
Reserve.

About loans and credits

Since 2015, companies have the right to write off interest on loans and credits in tax accounting without restrictions. Not all companies reflected this in their accounting policies. There are still formulations stating that the organization includes interest in expenses within the standard.

Eliminate the old provision about standards from the accounting policy. It is not necessary to introduce a new rule in its place that the company writes off interest without restrictions. After all, this is stated in the Tax Code. But local tax officials often have a different opinion. They require that the company formalize changes in the law in its accounting policies. For example, in our reader’s accounting policy, inspectors checked whether the company reflected the condition for accounting for interest without a limit. If you want to play it safe and eliminate unnecessary questions during the audit, replace the old condition on accounting for interest with a new one.

About the programs

Template tax policies typically do not say how to write off programs or provide general language. But the Tax Code does not have clear rules for accounting for programs. Therefore, it is safer to set them in accounting policies.

Taking program costs into account right away is risky. Officials believe that the cost of programs should be written off evenly over the term of the license agreement.

If there is no term in the contract, the company can independently set the period for accounting for expenses. The safest option is to write off expenses over five years. This period is the default for licensing agreements and is usually used by tax authorities. Judges can also support tax officials.

If the company is ready to argue with the tax authorities, stipulate in the accounting policy that you write off the cost of the program immediately. In this case, when checking, refer to those court decisions that are in favor of the companies.

About direct expenses

Template accounting policies usually do not contain a detailed list of direct expenses. This means that if tax authorities become interested in these expenses, the company will have to provide explanations. As a result, it may turn out that the company considered specific expenses to be indirect, and the tax authorities classified them as direct.

To avoid confusion, it is better to provide in the tax accounting policy a detailed list of those direct expenses that the company has. For example, if a trading company sometimes ships goods directly from the manufacturer's plant to the buyer's warehouse, it is safer to record the transportation costs as direct costs. Or the company may consider these costs to be indirect. But then there is a risk of a dispute with the tax authorities.

About the provision for doubtful debts

Check what the tax accounting policy template says about the allowance for doubtful accounts. In 2017, the company still decides for itself whether to create a reserve in tax accounting or not. But the reserve limit for the reporting period has changed. Now the limit is equal to 10 percent of revenue for this period or 10 percent of revenue for the previous year - depending on which of these indicators is greater. Update the limit clause so that tax authorities do not think that the company decided to limit the reserve to the old standard.

Accounting policy is a fundamental document for any legal entity. Since 2019, the procedure for drawing up accounting policies has been changed. Let's look at the procedure for drawing up a document using a specific example and clarify the specifics of taxation for the simplified tax system and OSNO.

Accounting policy: what is it and why is it needed?

This is the main document that establishes:

the procedure for maintaining the accounting records of the institution;
circle of responsible persons;
forms, registers and forms of primary documentation;
document flow;
the procedure and system for taxation of production or sale of goods, works, services.

It should detail all the features of accounting and taxation.

The document can be approved for a year or several years. But in 2019, all institutions, without exception, will have to incorporate a large number of changes established by the updated legislation.

When forming, you should rely on current legislation:

Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ regarding the definition of the method of accounting at an enterprise, the definition of the circle of persons responsible for organization and maintenance.
The new federal accounting standard is Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 274n dated December 30, 2017, which established exceptional provisions for public sector institutions.
The founder's accounting policy is an innovation introduced by the Federal Accounting Service. Now the founding document of the company should be drawn up taking into account the requirements and provisions of the founder.
Tax Code of the Russian Federation regarding the taxation system, tax periods, rates, benefits and deductions. Determined based on all current tax obligations for the current and subsequent years.
Appendix No. 1 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2008 No. 106n (PBU 1/2008). The regulations set out the specifics of drawing up accounting policies and mandatory requirements for the content of the working document.
Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2015 No. 52n. Regulates the specifics of compiling, storing and recording primary documentation.
Instructions dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n, dated December 16, 2010 No. 174n, dated March 25, 2011 No. 33n. Establish a Unified Chart of Accounts, the composition and procedure for preparing financial statements.

On the Internet you can find an accounting policy designer for 2019 for free; it will help you quickly draw up a working document or prepare changes for an existing one. At the end of this article you can download for free the organization’s accounting policy: sample 2019 with attachments.

The simplified accounting policy is concise and meaningful for a small enterprise that conducts accounting in a simplified manner. Exceptions are: law firms, credit and microfinance firms, housing and credit cooperatives, as well as those companies whose statements are subject to mandatory audit. Maintaining simplified accounting should also be included in the accounting policies, otherwise punishment from regulatory authorities is inevitable.

Approval Rules

The accounting policy must be approved by the head of the enterprise or another person vested with appropriate authority. Usually, a separate order or corresponding order or resolution is issued for this purpose.

There is no need to approve a new document annually. The program should be applied in the institution from year to year. Only those provisions that have changed due to the entry into force of new regulations or in connection with changes in the activities of the enterprise and other cases are adjusted.

Please note that legislators have determined the deadlines within which the entity is obliged to approve the UP. However, we are talking about newly created state-owned companies. Thus, the UE for accounting must be approved no later than the reporting period in which this government agency was created.

For the UE regarding taxation, a document should be developed and approved no later than the end of the first tax period in which the enterprise or company was created (clause 12 of article 167, article 313 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

It is permissible to approve both documents with one order, for example, in December. That is, combine the UE for BU and UE for NU in one administrative document. Prepare the text of the accounting policy itself as an appendix to the order. Additionally, complete with attachments forms, blanks and other registers that will be used in the business life of the company.

Please note that there is no special form for the order or instruction for approval of the UP. Officials have not approved a unified form for this situation. Therefore, make an order in any form. In it, indicate all the necessary details for paper of this category. Be sure to write down:

Number and date of compilation.
Legislative standards on the basis of which the decision was made.
The essence of the order.
The start date of the order, from which moment the provisions come into force.
Responsible for compilation (chief accountant, for example).
Determine the person responsible for monitoring the execution of the order.

An example of an order for approval of a management program in a budgetary institution

Public document

Since 2019, the provisions of the UP must be publicly available and open. This applies not only to the founders in relation to their subordinate institutions, but also to all legal entities. Let us remind you that individual entrepreneurs are not required to keep accounting records, and, therefore, are not required to draw up a management document.

This means that all representatives of the public sector must publish the provisions of the UP on their official websites. In some cases, a copy of the order approving the UE along with the text and attachments will have to be provided to the founder.

This approach allows you to monitor the relevance of the provisions introduced by the relevant orders. In simple words, the founder can control:

is accounting properly organized and maintained at the government agency;
does it meet the stated requirements and standards;
whether it meets the individual characteristics of the industry.

If inconsistencies are identified, give instructions to eliminate the violations as soon as possible.

Accounting policies for accounting purposes

Let's consider the procedure for drawing up accounting policies in the form of a table.

Item name
Responsible persons for formation and approval	Developed by the chief accountant or other person responsible for maintaining budget accounting. Only the manager approves. Please note that if there is no position of chief accountant (accountant) on the staff of a state institution, and accounting management is transferred to a third party, a company, a centralized accounting department under an agreement for the provision of accounting services, then the preparation of accounting policies in this case should be carried out by the entity that is entrusted with the responsibility for accounting. That is, for a third-party accountant or company, centralized accounting, outsourcing organization, and more.
Information about the institution	It is necessary to indicate in detail not only complete registration information about the organization, its types and purposes of activity, but also information about the founder, separate divisions and other information.
Normative base	Determined taking into account the specifics of the institution. Indicated in the form of a list of legal acts on the basis of which accounting and tax accounting is carried out. Please note that since 2019, public sector employees are required to include in the regulatory framework not only the provisions of the new federal standards, but also the founder’s UP. You can familiarize yourself with the provisions of the founder’s CP on the official website of the body exercising the functions and powers of the founder, or request information directly.
Procedure for making changes	The legislation establishes that changes should be made on December 31 of the year preceding the year in which the changes came into effect. Exceptional cases: significant change in legislation during the financial year. Write down these standards as a separate paragraph. Please note that the new FSBU No. 274n has defined a comprehensive procedure for making changes, additions and adjustments to the document. We talk about this in more detail below.
Organizational and technical part
Accounting procedure	The circle of responsible persons is determined (sole accountant, accounting department or third-party organization). It is also necessary to indicate how the records are kept (manually, using software products or through Internet resources).
Forms of primary documents and registers	Based on 402-FZ and FSBU, a budgetary organization has the right to independently develop and approve forms for primary accounting and accounting registers. Or provide for the use of standardized forms. This decision must be fixed in the accounting policy (either indicate the numbers and OKUD codes of unified forms, or attach your own forms).
The right and procedure for signing documentation	Separately write down who has the right of first signature and who has the right of second on all financial documents. Usually this is the director and chief accountant. But provide responsible persons for periods of absence of the boss and chief accountant. Also identify those responsible who have the right to sign the primary documentation; this may be an accountant or other specialist.
Working chart of accounts	Based on the Unified Chart of Accounts, develop your own. Indicate only those accounts that are used for accounting. Register correspondence if the specifics of the institution require it.
Document flow	Describe the procedure for moving documentation (primary documents, registers, reporting, etc.) between structural divisions of a budget organization. Identify responsible people in each department. Introduce the finished algorithm to all interested parties against signature.
Accounting and inventory of assets and liabilities	Describe in detail the procedure for accounting and inventory of fixed assets and medical supplies, liabilities. Take into account the provisions of the federal standard “Fixed Assets”. Let us remind you that it should be applied from 2018.
The procedure for issuing funds is reported	Set a maximum limit for issuing sub-reports, and also determine the maximum period for which funds are issued. If payments are made through bank cards (accounts) of employees, also indicate this circumstance. The amounts of daily and travel expenses should be included in a separate travel provision.
Error correction	Write down the procedure for correcting errors. Separately establish an algorithm for significant errors in the current and past financial periods. Also write down the sequence for correcting minor blots and typos. Please note that to draw up this section of the accounting policy, you must be guided by the new Federal Accounting Standards No. 274n.
Reporting forms	Determine the list of mandatory forms of financial reporting, as well as your own reports necessary for the organization. Place your own forms as appendices to your accounting policies.
Internal financial control	Separately describe the procedure for organizing and maintaining internal financial control in the institution (for each stage). Determine the forms of reporting and the frequency of its submission to the manager.
Methodological part in terms of accounting
Income accounting	Determine methods of accounting for income by type of business activity and forms of income. Describe the features of reflecting income from the working accounts of the plan.
Expense accounting	Establish an algorithm for attributing expenses to financial results. Write down interim accounting accounts. If necessary, write down what relates to basic, non-operating and other expenses. Pay special attention to invoices, write down correspondence to reflect expenses.
Accounting for fixed assets and inventories	Indicate special conditions for reflecting depreciation and new valuation of fixed assets. The procedure for applying the new classifier for the OS. Determine fuel consumption rates for write-off for each type of transport (if necessary).
Accounting policies for tax purposes
Type of taxation system	Fix the chosen taxation system. Also, separately for each type of obligation, write down the rates, periods, benefits and the procedure for their application, the procedure for determining the tax base. Don’t forget to add provisions on the calculation and payment of insurance premiums, VAT and income tax.
Tax registers	Approve tax registers in the context of tax obligations or indicate unified forms.

How to make changes correctly

Making changes and additions to the fundamental document requires compliance with a certain algorithm. Thus, in Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 274n, officials strictly established the grounds for carrying out this procedure.

So, changes to the accounting policy can be made only in three cases:

The provisions and norms of legislation that establish general requirements for the organization and maintenance of accounting have been changed. In this case, the organization is obliged to make appropriate changes to its CP.
The institution has developed new forms of accounting that will allow the generation of more reliable and relevant information about accounting objects.
The operating conditions of an economic entity change significantly. For example, a government institution is going through a stage of reorganization, or the functions and powers assigned to the institution have been changed.

In all other cases, changes and additions are made to the current document from the beginning of the year. However, there may be exceptions.

When making changes during the financial year, the institution must coordinate its actions with the founder, as well as with the financial authority. Otherwise, innovations may be regarded as a violation of current legislation.

But that's not all. The new standard has identified situations that cannot be considered a change in accounting policies. These include cases when, to reflect the facts of economic activity that arose for the first time, the following are determined:

absolutely new rules for organizing and maintaining accounting within a given economic entity;
an accounting method used for essentially different business transactions that occurred previously.

Please note that the new provisions of the FSBU do not differ from the provisions of Federal Law No. 402-FZ.

In addition, it should be noted that some adjustments may require retrospective analysis. These should include those changes that will affect or are capable of significantly affecting the financial result, financial position, and cash flow of the entity.

In this case, the accountant or other responsible person is obliged to make the appropriate adjustments:

change the data of opening balances under the article “Financial result of the institution”;
adjust the values of reporting items that are related to the financial result of the entity.

There is no need to change last year's reporting figures. However, when preparing financial statements for the current period, you will have to submit the appropriate data on adjusted comparative indicators.

Sample accounting policy of the simplified tax system “Income”, 2019

If an institution applies the simplified tax system “Income,” then drawing up an accounting policy for tax purposes is not necessary. It is necessary when there are several options for maintaining tax records or the procedure is not established by law. This is due to the fact that for an institution the tax base is all income, while expenses do not matter.

If an organization applies EVND under the simplified tax system, then it will have to draw up an accounting policy. Here it is necessary to prescribe the procedure for separate accounting of property, assumed obligations, and financial and economic transactions.

When combining the simplified tax system and the unified tax return, additionally provide separate tax registers and accounting forms to ensure complete and transparent separation. An organization that does not organize such a division will be fined by tax authorities.

Accounting policy template for an organization combining simplified tax system and UTII

Sample accounting policy of an enterprise for 2019

We invite you to familiarize yourself with a sample accounting policy for 2019, drawn up using the example of a budgetary institution, and the procedure for drawing up accounting policies for OSNO.

Ask questions and we will supplement the article with answers and explanations!

To get started, select the appropriate item in the top menu or from the following list:

New in the order on the accounting policy of the enterprise for 2019

Accounting policy for tax accounting purposes

If a company is going to use a new “investment” deduction for income tax, then it is also better to stipulate this in the order to change the CP. Let us remind you that with the help of this deduction, starting from 2019, you can reduce the costs of purchasing and upgrading the OS.

Accounting policies for bookkeeping

Accounting Regulations (PBU) are recognized as “federal accounting standards.” Therefore, in the accounting policies it is necessary to update references to PBU.
The accounting policy must specify accounting methods for operations carried out by the organization (from the federal standard, from the international standard, from accounting recommendations or your own method).
If an organization forms its accounting policy according to IFRS standards, then in the order for 2019 it is necessary to specify which method the company abandoned and which rule in the international standard it contradicts.

Many PBUs promise to update them in accordance with IFRS by 2019. Therefore, already in 2019 it is better to begin preparations for the transition to new standards and the approval of accounting methods similar to IFRS.
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

Instructions for drawing up accounting policies in BukhSoft programs

You have created, printed and placed in a folder the document “Accounting Policy” of the company. Don't forget to configure the program in accordance with the rules written in it.

New in the order on the accounting policy of the enterprise for 2017

In 2016, changes were made to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and accounting regulations, which will affect the work of organizations in 2017 and, if necessary, can be reflected in the accounting policies.

TAX ACCOUNTING

For tax accounting purposes, the procedure for writing off losses and creating reserves changed in 2017:

From January 1, 2017, organizations have the right to reduce the tax base by the amount of losses by no more than 50%, and the write-off period is no longer limited to 10 years.
In 2017, organizations will have the right to choose the procedure for forming a reserve for doubtful debts. You can choose one of the options:

10% of the proceeds of the previous tax period.
10% of the amount of revenue of the current tax period.

ACCOUNTING

The accounting policies for accounting purposes in 2017 can be changed, first of all, by small and micro enterprises that have the right to use simplified accounting methods. Corresponding amendments to the accounting legislation were made by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 16, 2016 N 64n. Not all changes are equally useful for optimizing accounting; some will simply increase the discrepancies between accounting and tax accounting.

The amendments affected:

Estimates of inventory costs and related expenses (PBU 5/01 “Accounting for material and production costs”):
- Micro-enterprises that have the right to use simplified accounting methods can establish in their accounting policies the procedure for writing off the cost of raw materials, materials, goods, and other costs of production and preparation for sale of products and goods as expenses for ordinary activities in the full amount as they are acquired (implementation).
  Please note that similar changes have not been made to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation; goods for tax accounting purposes continue to be written off as expenses upon sale, therefore, the practical application of this method of accounting will lead to discrepancies between tax and accounting accounting.
- Organizations that can use simplified accounting methods have the right to include costs directly related to the acquisition of inventories in full as expenses in the period in which they were incurred;
- Organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods may recognize expenses for the acquisition of inventories intended for management needs as part of expenses for ordinary activities in the full amount as they are acquired (implemented);
- Inventories that are obsolete, have completely or partially lost their original quality, or whose current market value has decreased, are reflected in the balance sheet at the end of the reporting year minus a reserve for a decrease in the value of material assets. Organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods may not create such reserves.

Accounting for fixed assets (PBU 6/01):
- In 2017, you can select the depreciation period for fixed assets (month, quarter, year);
  It is not profitable to choose the “once a year” period if the organization is a property tax payer; during the year the tax base will be overstated.
- If production or business inventory has been accepted for accounting as a fixed asset, organizations using simplified accounting methods have the right to write it off at a time at the time such objects are put into operation;
- Organizations have the right to include costs associated with the acquisition, construction and production of fixed assets as expenses for ordinary activities in full in the period in which they were incurred, rather than being attributed to the initial cost of the object. When choosing this accounting method, only the seller's price and installation costs are included in the initial cost.

Accounting for intangible assets (PBU 14/2007)
Organizations that have the right to apply simplified accounting methods may recognize expenses for the acquisition (creation) of objects that are subject to accounting as intangible assets as part of expenses for ordinary activities in the full amount as they are incurred.

Note! There are no changes in tax accounting regarding the write-off of intangible assets, and they will continue to be written off through depreciation.

The changes that have occurred in tax and accounting legislation are included in the Bukhsoft accounting policy for 2017, and links to regulatory laws and orders have been updated. The Accounting Policy form allows you to create an up-to-date and complete document that reveals the features of your organization’s accounting policy!

In an information message dated 08/02/2017 N IS-accounting-9, the Ministry of Finance of Russia said that from August 6, 2017, its order dated 04/28/2017 N 69n changed the rules for forming accounting policies:

when the accounting standards approved by the parent company are mandatory for application by its subsidiary, the latter forms its accounting policy based on the accounting standards of the parent company;
when following the general procedure leads to an unreliable representation of the financial position of such an organization, you can deviate from the general procedure for developing the organization’s accounting policies;
The accounting policy of the organization can be formed according to IFRS and Russian rules;
content of the requirement of rationality;
an obligation to disclose the early application of federal accounting standards was introduced and the obligation to disclose certain facts in reporting was abolished (including the fact of non-application of an approved and published, but not yet entered into force, regulatory legal act on accounting).

New in the order on the accounting policy of the enterprise for 2016

In 2015, changes were made to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, which will affect the work of organizations in 2016 and should be reflected in the accounting policies:

For tax accounting, property with an original cost of over 100,000 rubles is recognized as depreciable (Clause 1 of Article 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as amended on June 8, 2015 No. 150-FZ). Taking into account the same criterion, the cost of a fixed asset is determined to classify it as depreciable property (clause 1 of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as amended on June 8, 2015 No. 150-FZ). These requirements apply to fixed assets put into operation starting from January 1, 2016. For property put into operation before this date, the previous cost criteria are retained (more than 40 thousand rubles).
For income tax purposes, the limit on the average quarterly amount of sales income determined for the previous four quarters has been increased from 10 to 15 million rubles. If this limit is exceeded, the organization is obliged to switch to paying monthly advance payments, which must be transferred no later than 28 calendar days from the end of the reporting period (clause 3 of Article 286 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as amended on June 8, 2015 No. 150-FZ).
If in 2016 revenue exceeds 79.74 million rubles, then the taxpayer will not be able to apply the simplified tax system (Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated October 20, 2015 N 772).

These changes in tax and accounting legislation are included in the Bukhsoft accounting policy for 2016, links to regulatory laws and orders have been updated. The Accounting Policy form allows you to create an up-to-date and complete document that reveals the features of your organization’s accounting policy!

New in the order on the accounting policy of the enterprise for 2015

The beginning of 2015, as well as every reporting year, is associated with the responsibility of the accountant to formulate an order on the accounting policy of the enterprise. In 2014, amendments were made to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, which will affect the work of organizations in 2015 and should be reflected in the accounting policies:

Starting from January 1, 2015, the concept of amount difference will disappear from the Tax Code (calculated in cases where the invoice was issued in foreign currency and payment was made in rubles); now this will be a special case of calculating exchange rate differences. The definition, terms and procedure for calculating exchange rate differences in accounting and tax accounting have been the same since 2015 (clause 11 of article 250, clause 8 of article 271, clause 10 of article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
From January 1, 2015, the LIFO method (a method of valuing goods based on the cost of recent acquisitions) ceases to apply in tax accounting. Now, in both accounting and tax accounting, three methods will operate - according to the average cost, according to the cost of a unit of inventory, according to the FIFO method (clause 8 of Article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
It will be possible to choose the order of writing off non-depreciable property - at a time or over several periods (linear method or in proportion to the volume of output). This is especially true when accounting for special clothing and special tools, which are now written off in accounting and tax accounting according to different rules. Changes have been made to clause 1 of Art. 254 Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
There has been a convergence of tax and accounting accounting in terms of losses from the assignment of claims. Previously, the first half of the loss was taken into account in non-operating expenses on the date of assignment of the right of claim, the second half - after 45 calendar days from the date of assignment (clause 2 of Article 279 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). From January 1, 2015, the entire loss can be taken into account at the time of assignment of the right of claim (new edition of clause 2 of Article 249 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
From January 1, expenses will be able to take into account the cost of property received free of charge (the cost is defined as the amount of income of the organization based on market prices for property received free of charge, the valuation must be documented). Changes have been made to clause 2 of Art. 254 Tax Code of the Russian Federation

There have been changes in the law on insurance premiums (Federal Law dated July 24, 2009 N 212-FZ (as amended on June 4, 2014)). When organizing tax accounting in terms of accrual and payment of contributions to funds in 2015, they need to be adjusted taking into account changes in tariffs (some preferential tariffs have expired) and the maximum amounts of the tax base for calculating insurance premiums.

These and many other changes to tax and accounting legislation are included in the Bukhsoft accounting policy for 2015, the form of which allows you to create an up-to-date and complete document that reveals the features of your organization's accounting policy!

Any organization must maintain accounting and tax records, recording the methods of their maintenance in its accounting policies. The organization's accounting policy creates a unified accounting and document flow system that all employees and departments of the company must follow. Lack of accounting policies is a serious violation for which the company can be fined. How to draw up an accounting policy for 2018, and what features should be taken into account - this is what our material is about.

Accounting policy of an enterprise: general requirements for registration

The accounting policy is drawn up in accordance with the rules established by the law on accounting No. 402-FZ of December 6, 2011, as well as PBU 1/2008. In addition, each industry may have its own regulations that affect its content.

The accounting policy consists of two parts: accounting and tax. They can be drawn up as a single document consisting of two sections, or two separate provisions can be made.

The organization's accounting policies are applied continuously from year to year, and reasonable changes to it can only be made from the beginning of the reporting year. The order on the accounting policy is approved by the manager no later than 90 days after registration of the company. For example, the accounting policy for 2017 should have been adopted before December 31, 2016, and the document approved in 2017 will come into force only on January 1, 2018.

An organization's accounting policies should reflect accounting methods only for actual assets, transactions, and liabilities. It is advisable to fix in the text of the document those accounting aspects for which there is a choice from several options, or the law on them does not contain an unambiguous interpretation. For example: what methods of depreciation are used, how reserves are created, etc. It makes no sense to rewrite unambiguous provisions of the PBU, or the Tax Code, that do not offer a choice.

“Accounting policies of the organization” PBU 1/2008: changes

As of 08/06/2017, amendments to PBU 1/2008 “Accounting Policy of the Organization” came into force (Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 04/28/2017 No. 69n). Its provisions include, in particular, the following innovations:

PBU “Accounting Policies” now applies to all legal entities, except credit and government organizations,
a rule has been introduced on independent choice of the accounting method, regardless of the choice of other organizations, and subsidiaries choose from the standards approved by the main company (clause 5.1),
the concept of rational accounting has been clarified - accounting information must be useful enough to justify the costs of its formation (clause 6),
in cases where there is no specific method of accounting in federal standards, the organization develops it itself, based on paragraphs. 5 and 6 PBU 1/2008 and accounting recommendations, consistently referring to IFRS standards, federal (PBU) and industry accounting standards (clause 7.1), and for companies conducting simplified accounting (small enterprises, non-profit organizations, Skolkovo participants) , when forming an accounting policy, it is enough to be guided by the requirements of rationality (clause 7.2),

Contents of the accounting policy of the organization (LLC)

Accounting policies should reflect:

list of regulations on the basis of which the company keeps records: Law on Accounting No. 402-FZ, PBU, Tax Code of the Russian Federation, etc.,
working chart of accounts, designed as an annex to the accounting policy,
positions responsible for organizing and maintaining records in the company,
forms of the “primary” used, accounting and tax registers - unified forms, or independently developed,
depreciation issues – calculation methods, frequency (monthly, once a year, etc.),
limits on the value of fixed assets, the procedure for their revaluation,
accounting of materials, finished products, goods,
accounting of income and expenses,
the procedure for correcting significant errors and the criteria for classifying them,
other provisions that the organization deems necessary to reflect.

If the “accounting” part of the organization’s accounting policy is quite universal for everyone, then the tax part will be different for each taxation regime, but in any case should contain:

information about the applicable tax system, and if there is a combination of tax regimes - the procedure for maintaining separate accounting,
how taxes are paid in separate divisions, if any,
whether the company has tax benefits, and under what conditions they apply.

Accounting policy of the simplified tax system

The nuances of tax accounting policy with “simplified” depend on the selected object: “income” (6%) or “income minus expenses” (15%).

When applying the simplified tax system “income”, tax policy should reflect:

income accounting procedure,
indicate how the paid insurance premiums reduce the tax base,
in what order and at what rate are taxes and advance payments calculated,
tax register - KUDIR.

With the object “income minus expenses”, special attention should be paid not only to income, but also to expenses, indicating:

the procedure for accounting for fixed assets, the method of calculating depreciation,
composition of material costs,
procedure for accounting for sales costs (if any),
recognition of past losses in the current period,
procedure for calculating and paying the minimum tax,

Otherwise, the tax policy points will be similar to those indicated for the simplified tax system for “income”.

OSNO accounting policies

One of the main points of tax policy under OSNO is accounting for income tax. The document should reflect:

procedure for recognizing direct and indirect expenses of an enterprise (cash or accrual method),
the procedure for accounting for fixed assets, whether increasing coefficients are used for depreciation, depreciation bonus, for which objects,
methods for assessing materials, raw materials and goods,
Are reserves formed to evenly distribute expenses throughout the year (vacations, bad debts, OS repairs, etc.),
in what order is income tax and advance payments on it calculated and paid,
applicable tax registers, etc.

The specifics of VAT accounting when developing accounting policies should be pointed out to those who are exempt from tax or who carry out transactions taxed at a rate of 0% - this concerns the order of distribution of “input” VAT.

Accounting policy: sample

It is impossible to create a sample accounting policy that would be equally suitable for all enterprises. Each case has its own characteristics, depending on the type of activity, the applied tax regime and many other factors. The accounting policy, an example of which is given here, was drawn up for an enterprise operating on OSNO.

ORDER No. 1

About the accounting policy of LLC "_______"
for 2018

Date: 12/31/2017

I ORDER:

Approve the accounting policy of LLC "_____" for 2018 for accounting purposes in accordance with Appendix 1 to this order.
Approve the accounting policy of LLC "______" for tax purposes for 2018 in accordance with Appendix 2 to this order.
The provisions of the accounting policy are mandatory for all employees of LLC "____" responsible for maintaining accounting and tax records and preparing primary documents.
Responsibility for organizing the execution of this order is assigned to the chief accountant.

Director of LLC "_____"

FULL NAME.

(signature)

Appendix 1 to Order No. 1
dated December 31, 2017

Accounting policy of LLC "_____"
for accounting purposes
for 2018

In accordance with Art. 8 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ "On Accounting" and PBU 1/2008 "Accounting Policy of the Organization" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of October 6, 2008 N 106n) to approve the following in LLC "_______" accounting options:

Accounting Policy Statement	Approved option	Base
Organization of accounting	Entrust accounting to the chief accountant of the organization.	Art. 7 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ “On Accounting”
Primary accounting documents	Use in the activities of the organization primary accounting documents compiled according to unified forms approved by state statistics bodies and line ministries.	clause 4 art. 9 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ “On Accounting”
Cost limit of fixed assets	Assets worth no more than 40,000 rubles are not classified as fixed assets and are reflected in accounting and reporting as part of inventories.	clause 5 of the Accounting Regulations "Accounting for fixed assets" PBU 6/01" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2001 N 26n)
Method of calculating depreciation charges for fixed assets	Depreciation of fixed assets is calculated using the straight-line method (the original cost is multiplied by the depreciation rate).	clauses 18, 19 PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2001 N 26n); clause 48 "Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation" (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 N 34n)
Revaluation of fixed assets	There is no revaluation of the original cost of fixed assets.	clauses 14, 15 PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2001 N 26n); clause 49 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 N 34n)
Amortization of intangible assets	The method of calculating depreciation charges for intangible assets for all objects is the same - linear (deductions are calculated based on the actual (initial) cost or current market value (in case of revaluation) of the intangible asset evenly over the useful life of this asset).	clauses 28, 29 PBU 14/2007 “Accounting for intangible assets” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 153n dated December 27, 2007); clause 56 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 N 34n)
Change in estimated useful life and method of determining amortization of an intangible asset	The useful life and method of determining the amortization of intangible assets are checked annually by the organization for the need to clarify them. If there is a significant change in the duration of the period during which the organization expects to use the asset, its useful life is subject to clarification. If there is a significant change in the expected flow of future economic benefits from the use of an intangible asset, the method of determining depreciation of such an asset must be changed. In this case, a significant change in the period or future economic benefits is recognized as a change of 5 percent or more.	clauses 27, 30, 40 PBU 14/2007 “Accounting for intangible assets” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2007 N 153n)
Revaluation of intangible assets	There is no revaluation of the value of intangible assets.	clause 17 PBU 14/2007 “Accounting for intangible assets” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance N 153n dated December 27, 2007)
Valuation of inventories by organizations engaged in trading activities	The costs of procuring and delivering goods to the organization's warehouse, incurred before they are transferred for sale, are taken into account in the cost of goods.	clauses 21, 31 PBU 14/2000 “Accounting for intangible assets” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 91n dated October 16, 2000); clause 2.2. "Methodological recommendations for accounting of costs included in production and distribution costs, and financial results at trade and public catering enterprises" (approved by Roskomtorg and the Ministry of Finance on April 20, 1995 N 1-550/32-2)
Accounting for purchased packaging	The packaging purchased by the organization is accounted for at actual cost.	clause 166 of the Guidelines for accounting of inventories (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2001 N 119n)
Assessment of write-off of inventories	The assessment of inventories during their use and other disposal (including goods, except those accounted for at sales prices) is carried out at average cost.	clause 16 PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 06/09/2001 N 44n); clauses 58, 60 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 N 34n)
Accounting for materials procurement	Synthetic accounting for the procurement and acquisition of materials is carried out at actual cost without using accounts 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and 16 “Deviations in the cost of material assets.”	Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 N 94n) (explanations to accounts 15, 16)
Accounting for special clothing	Special clothing, the service life of which, according to the issuance standards, does not exceed 12 months, is taken into account in the organization by a one-time write-off as an expense at the time of its transfer (vacation) to the organization's employees.	clauses 21, 16 of the Guidelines for accounting of special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2002 N 135n)
Accounting for special equipment	The cost of special equipment is fully repaid by the organization at the time of transfer to production (operation).	clauses 24, 25 of the Guidelines for accounting of special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2002 N 135n)
Accounting for the issuance and return of special tools	The operations of issuing special tools and special devices for production (operation) and their return to the warehouse are documented with the corresponding primary accounting documents.	clause 50 of the Guidelines for accounting of special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2002 N 135n)
Accounting for semi-finished products of own production	Synthetic accounting of semi-finished products of own production is carried out without using account 21 “Semi-finished products of own production” by reflecting them as part of work in progress on account 20 “Main production”.	Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 N 94n) (explanations to account 21)
Evaluation of finished products, shipped products	Accounting for finished products in the organization is carried out at actual production costs (account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” is not used).	clauses 59, 61 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 N 34n
Allocation of selling expenses	Sales expenses accounted for in account 44 are completely written off to the debit of account 90 “Sales” at the end of the month.	Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 N 94n) (explanations to account 44)
Valuation of work in progress in mass and serial production	The assessment of work in progress regarding the production of mass and serial products is carried out at actual cost.	clause 64 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 N 34n)
Valuation of goods in retail organizations	Write-off of goods sold at retail is carried out at purchase prices.	clause 60 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 N 34n); clause 13 PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 06/09/2001 N 44n)
Costs of purchasing securities	The organization includes the costs of acquiring securities (except for amounts paid in accordance with the agreement to the seller) in the initial cost of financial investments, regardless of the amount of costs.	clause 11 PBU 19/02 “Accounting for financial investments” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 2002 N 126n)
Accounting for interest on bills issued	Interest on bills issued is taken into account by the organization as part of other expenses in those reporting periods to which these accruals relate.	clause 15 of PBU 15/2008 “Accounting for expenses on loans and credits” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2008 N 107n)
Additional borrowing costs	Additional borrowing costs are reflected in accounting and reporting in the reporting period to which they relate.	clauses 6, 8 PBU 15/2008 “Accounting for expenses on loans and credits” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2008 N 107n)
Method for determining the value of a financial asset upon its disposal	Financial assets in the event of their disposal are reflected at the historical cost of each accounting unit of financial investments.	clause 26 PBU 19/02 “Accounting for financial investments” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 2002 N 126n)
Classification of income by financial investments	Income from financial investments is recognized in accordance with PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” as other income.	clause 34 PBU 19/02 “Accounting for financial investments” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 2002 N 126n)
Reflection of other income and expenses in the financial statements	Other income is reflected by the organization in the income statement in detail.	clause 18.2 PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 1999 N 32n)
General production expenses distribution base	General production costs are distributed in proportion to direct cost items.
Write-off of general business expenses	General business expenses are written off in accounting on a monthly basis in full as semi-fixed expenses in the debit of account 90 “Sales”.	Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 N 94n) (explanations to account 26)
Recognition of revenue from the performance of work, provision of services, sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle	Revenue from the performance of work, the provision of services, the sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle (except for a construction contract) is recognized upon completion of the work, the provision of services, and the manufacture of products in general.	clause 13 and clause 17 PBU 9/99 "Income of the organization" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 1999 N 32n)"
Reflection of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet	When preparing financial statements, an organization reflects the deferred tax asset and the deferred tax liability expanded (not balanced).	clause 19 of PBU 18/02 “Accounting for calculations of corporate income tax” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 19, 2002 N 114n)
Reflection in reporting of cash flows in foreign currency	Conversion of cash flows in foreign currency into rubles for the purpose of preparing the Cash Flow Statement is carried out at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction.	clauses 18, 23 PBU 23/2011 “Cash Flow Report” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 02.02.2011 N 11n)
Materiality level	The level of significance of errors and indicators is determined by the organization in each specific case, taking into account both quantitative and qualitative factors. Quantitative criteria for the level of materiality are established by the organization in the following amounts: An error is considered significant if, individually or in combination with other similar errors for the same reporting period, it led to a distortion of the balance sheet line by 5 percent or more.	clause 3 of PBU 22/2010 “Correcting errors in accounting and reporting” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 2010 N 63n); clause 11 PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1999 N 43n)

Appendix 2 to Order No. 1
dated December 31, 2017

Accounting policy of LLC "_______"
for tax accounting purposes
for 2018

In accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, approve the following tax accounting and reporting options for LLC "______", for which the taxpayer is given the right to choose:

Accounting Policy Statement	Approved option	Base
Organization of tax accounting	Tax accounting in an organization is carried out on the basis of accounting registers with the addition of details necessary for tax accounting in accordance with the requirements of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.	Art. 313, 314 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Income (expense) recognition method	Tax accounting in the organization is carried out using the accrual method.	Art. 271, 273 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Method of writing off raw materials and materials when determining the amount of material costs	When determining the amount of material costs when writing off raw materials and supplies used in the production (manufacturing) of goods (performing work, providing services), methods for estimating the specified raw materials and supplies at average cost are used.	Art. 254 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
A method for estimating the cost of purchased goods, which reduces income from their sale	When selling purchased goods, the cost of their acquisition is determined by the organization for tax purposes at the average cost.	paragraph 3. paragraph 1 art. 268 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Write-off of tools, devices, equipment, instruments, laboratory equipment, workwear and other personal and collective protective equipment	The cost of tools, fixtures, equipment, instruments, laboratory equipment, special clothing and other personal and collective protective equipment is included in the material costs as they are put into operation.	paragraph 3. paragraph 1 art. 254 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Depreciation methods	When calculating depreciation, the organization uses the straight-line method.	clause 1 art. 259 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Method of accounting for expenses on capital investments in fixed assets	Capital investments for tax accounting purposes increase the initial cost of a fixed asset.	clause 9 art. 258 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
List of direct costs associated with the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services)	The following expenses are taken into account for tax purposes as direct expenses associated with the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services): material costs determined in accordance with paragraphs. 1 and 4 paragraphs 1 art. 254 Tax Code of the Russian Federation; expenses for remuneration of personnel involved in the process of production of goods, performance of work, provision of services; expenses for compulsory social insurance of personnel involved in the production of goods, performance of work, provision of services; expenses for compulsory pension insurance of personnel involved in the production of goods, performance of work, provision of services; expenses for compulsory insurance against accidents at work; the amount of accrued depreciation on fixed assets used in the production of goods, works, and services.	clause 1 art. 318 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Accounting for direct expenses by taxpayers providing services	Direct costs associated with the provision of services in full are included in the reduction of income from production and sales of a given reporting (tax) period without distribution to work in progress balances.	clause 2 art. 318 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
The procedure for allocating direct costs to work in progress	Direct expenses in tax accounting are distributed between the balance of work in progress and products manufactured in the current month (work performed, services provided) in proportion to direct items of expenses.	clause 1 art. 319 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
The procedure for forming the cost of purchasing goods	The cost of purchasing goods includes the purchase price of the goods, as well as the costs of delivering these goods to the organization’s warehouses.	Art. 320 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Procedure for making monthly advance payments for income tax	If the organization is a payer of monthly advance payments, pay them in the amount of 1/3 of the quarterly advance payment.	clause 2 art. 286 Tax Code of the Russian Federation
The distribution base for VAT deductible on transactions subject to and not subject to VAT	Tax amounts presented by sellers of goods (works, services), property rights used by the organization for both taxable and tax-exempt transactions are subject to deduction in a certain proportion. The specified proportion is determined in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4 of Art. 170 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the cost of shipped goods (work, services), property rights, in proportion to which the VAT claimed for deduction is distributed, is understood as sales revenue excluding VAT, determined in accordance with the provisions of Art. 167 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for the distribution of VAT when carrying out both taxable and tax-exempt transactions	When carrying out transactions, both subject to VAT and exempt from taxation (including UTII), tax is deducted in full (without distribution), if the share of total expenses for the acquisition, production and (or) sale of goods (work, services), property rights, transactions for the sale of which are not subject to taxation, do not exceed 5% of the total value of aggregate expenses.	clause 4 art. 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation
The procedure for separate accounting of VAT when carrying out transactions subject to and not subject to taxation	When carrying out simultaneously transactions subject to taxation and transactions not subject to taxation (exempt from taxation, including UTII), the organization in accordance with clause 4 of Art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation carries out separate accounting of VAT for all transactions. Amounts of VAT on purchased goods (works, services), property rights are accounted for separately on account 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets” using the attribute of belonging to transactions: a) subject to VAT; b) not subject to VAT; c) at the same time both taxable and not subject to VAT.	clause 4 art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation

Accounting policy for JSC for the year. Accounting policy sample