Geography presentation on population. Presentation on the topic of the population of Russia

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“Population of Russia” Completed by: 9th grade student of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 9 Art. Novosergievskaya, Krylovsky district, Krasnodar region Ilyashenko Svetlana

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POPULATION The population of Russia is 145 million people. Russia ranks seventh in the world in terms of population after: China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil and Pakistan.

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Number and national composition The most numerous peoples (more than 1 million people) peoples of Russia (according to the 2002 census), million people. Russia is one of the multinational countries of the world, the population of which has a complex and ethnically diverse composition. More than 160 peoples live in the Russian Federation

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Population movement The change in population between censuses is determined using current accounting: natural movement - how many people were born and how many died; mechanical movement - how many arrived in Russia and how many left it.

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Demographic crisis A sharp decrease in population (as a result of excess mortality over birth rate) is called a demographic crisis. Causes of the crisis: Wars Famine Epidemics Revolutions Repression Political and Economic instability years Million. people

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Population reproduction The nature of population reproduction (renewal) is determined by the ratio of the size of the generation of children and the generation of parents. Traditional type of reproduction - each subsequent generation is 1.5 times larger than the previous one. There was no family planning. + = Modern type of reproduction - Planning the number of children in the family. + = The family becomes small.

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Population reproduction The type of reproduction is characterized by the main demographic indicators: birth rate, death rate, natural population growth.

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Fertility number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants (in ‰) Factors influencing fertility: wars; social conditions; health and medical care; level of education and culture; national and religious traditions; economic and political stability; women's economic activity.

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Mortality is the number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants (in ‰). Factors influencing mortality: wars; hunger; epidemics; bad habits; social upheaval; level of healthcare; economic and political instability.

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Natural increase is the excess of the birth rate over the mortality rate (EP=R-C). Natural increase is positive when the birth rate exceeds the mortality rate (EP>0). Natural increase is zero when the birth rate is equal to the death rate (EP = 0). Natural increase is negative when the birth rate is lower than the death rate (EP

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Territorial differences in the level of population reproduction. Regions of Russia with max and min natural increase at the end of the twentieth century (in ‰).

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Sex and age structure There are slightly more boys born than girls (105-106 boys per 100 girls), so why by the age of 60 there are twice as many women as men (18 million and 9 million, respectively)? Reasons: Male professions are dangerous and harmful. Men die in wars and conflicts. The way of life and behavior of people. The female body is more stable and viable.

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Ratio of men and women of working age at the beginning of 2003,% Demographic characteristics of the population

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Age structure of the population In countries with a traditional type of reproduction, the share of children in the population ranges from 40 to 50%, and the number of elderly people is insignificant. In countries with a modern type of reproduction, the share of children is less than 20%, and the elderly - 20% of the total number of inhabitants.

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Territorial differences in the age structure of the population Old developed areas - Tula region, Moscow min - children, max - elderly. Slightly industrialized areas, national territories - Dagestan, Tyva max - children, min - elderly. Regions of the Far North, population who came to work - Magadan region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug max - able-bodied, min - elderly.

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LABOR RESOURCES part of the population capable of working in the national economy. The bulk of the labor force consists of adults from 16 to 54–59 years old, i.e. working population. Working pensioners are part of the labor force. The unemployed are part of the labor force that wants to work, is looking for work, but cannot find it.

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Employment structure Share in % Egypt Russia USA Industry and construction 20 37 24 Agriculture and forestry 44 15 3 Transport and communications 3 8 6 Trade 10 10 21 Management, science, culture, education, medicine 23 30 46

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EMPLOYMENT IN THE ECONOMY Distribution of the number of people employed in the economy by level of education, %.

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Organized Unorganized Forced By organization Population migration By direction By duration Internal External Emigration Immigration Based on Daily “pendulum” Permanent Temporary Socio-economic Political Religious Family and household Ecological TYPES OF MIGRATIONS OF POPULATION

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Population of Russia

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Population
The population is the object of study of socio-economic geography, which establishes the general patterns of its development, considering its life activity in all aspects: historical, political, economic, social, medical and statistical.

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In Russia, records are kept of the demographic dynamics of the population: Censuses (the last census was conducted in 2010) Current population records (necessary between censuses, allows you to assess the demographic situation at any time) Current records of vital statistics (Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and its territorial bodies , as well as registry offices) Current records of migration movements (maintained by passport offices upon arrival)

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According to the latest census data, 141.9 million people live in Russia. (2010 data)

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Population reproduction
Reproduction (natural movement) of the population is understood as the totality of the processes of fertility, mortality and natural increase, which ensure the continuous renewal and change of human generations.

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Formula for natural increase EP = P - C, where P – birth rate (number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants) C – mortality (number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants) EP – natural increase (decrease)

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Demographic crises
DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS is a period of sharp decline in the country's population due to wars, revolutions, epidemics, and other social upheavals. 20th century: 1 demographic crisis: 1914-1922 (1 world war, revolution of 1917, civil war, emigration) 2 demographic crisis: 1932-1937 (collectivization of agriculture, famine of 1933-34, repression) 3 demographic crisis : 1941-1945 (Great Patriotic War) 4 demographic crisis: 1990 - present (economic crisis, instability, unfavorable environmental situation)

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Mortality rate is a statistical indicator that evaluates the number of deaths. In demography, the ratio of the number of deaths to the total population.

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Depopulation is a systematic decrease in the absolute population of a country or territory as a result of narrowed population reproduction, when subsequent generations are numerically smaller than previous ones (mortality exceeds birth rate, high emigration, there are circumstances that cause large losses of people - for example, war), that is, during depopulation there is a population decline.

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Age composition of the Russian population
Indicators 1897 1939 1959 1979 2000
Population, million people including persons (%) 68.0 108.4 117.8 137.4 145.0
up to 15 years 40 38.8 30.0 23.3 20.0
16-59 years old 51.3 52.6 58.3 60.4 59.3
over 60 years old 8.7 8.7 11.7 16.3 20.7

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Fertility is a demographic term defined as the ratio of the number of births over a certain period per 1000 inhabitants.

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Russia currently has a population of 141.8 million people. The mortality rate exceeds the birth rate. According to statistics, for every 10 women there are 8.5 men. Now the average life expectancy of a Russian is 67 years.
Results of the subsection of the presentation “Population of Russia”:

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National composition

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Ethnographic position of Russia:
1. The junction of Europe and Asia 2. Western part - European influence. 3. The Caucasus is an independent entity, but is very closely connected with the Near and Middle East. The junction of the Christian and Muslim worlds. 4. Central Asia is a meeting place of different cultures. 5. The Far North - the “fourth world”, the land of nations (26 - 180 thousand). The area is unfavorable for living.

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In 1st place in terms of number is the Indo-European language family. Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans, Ossetians. In 2nd place is the Altai language family. 12 million people. Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Altaians, Khakass, Tuvans, Yakuts, Balkars, Kumyks, Karachais, Kazakhs. Ural-Yukaghir family - Mordovians, Udmurts, Mari. The North Caucasian family is the most compact range.

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A significant part of the peoples of Russia are settled outside their republics. The dispersed distribution of many peoples, their intensive contacts with each other and especially with the Russians contributed to the process of assimilation (“dissolution” of some peoples among others).

Population of Russia

The population of a country is the number of people who live in a certain territory. The population of a country is determined by a census. The first population census took place in 1897 in the Russian Empire.

Population distribution in Russia

The country's population is unevenly distributed. The majority of the population is from the European part (65% of all residents). Villagers account for about 27% of the total population.

As of January 2014, according to statistics, there are almost 143,667 inhabitants in Russia. The Russian Federation ranks 9th in terms of population in the world. The average standard of living of a Russian man is significantly lower than that of Europeans - 62 years. For example, Israelis live on average 80 years, and Spaniards live 78 years.

Demographic dynamics

Demographic dynamics show the natural growth of the population in connection with the level of birth and death rates of the population. If the birth rate is lower than the death rate, then it is relevant to talk about a demographic crisis.

A demographic crisis occurs in a country during an unstable economic and political situation, during wars and revolutions. The last demographic crisis in Russia occurred at the beginning of the 21st century. For 2011, the total fertility rate in Russia is 1.539.

National composition

Russia is a multinational country. It is home to about 113 different nationalities. The majority are Russians. There are about 81% of them. At the same time, this ethnic group is unevenly distributed. For example, in the North Caucasus, Russians number about 5%, while in the European part of Russia they make up more than half of all residents.

The largest ethnic groups in Russia:

Ukrainians

Chechens, etc.

Cities with over a million people

In Russia today there are 15 cities with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants and 165 cities where more than 100 thousand Russians live.

Migration in the Russian Federation

Emigration is leaving the country. Emigration from Russia is decreasing every year. The main direction of emigration from Russia is the CIS countries.

Immigration in Russia

Immigration is the entry into a country of foreign citizens for the purpose of permanent residence. Immigration to Russia in 2013 is 33 thousand people. About 20% of all migrants are residents of Kazakhstan. Today the problem of illegal immigrants from the CIS countries is acute.

In Russia, the majority of the population speaks Russian. This language is official throughout the country. In addition, in some regions the official languages ​​are Bashkir, Chechen, Tatar, Chuvash, etc.

Geography teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 5

city ​​of Svetly, Kaliningrad region

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Topic study plan

  1. Sex composition of the population.
  2. Ethnic (national) composition of the population; the world's largest nations and language families.
  3. Religious composition of the population; world religions and their history and geography.
  4. The main centers of ethno-religious conflicts.

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    Sex composition of the population

    • characterized by a predominance of men. The number of men is 20-30 million higher than the number of women.
    • On average, 104-107 boys are born per 100 girls. However, the differences across the world are quite significant.

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    Predominance of male population

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    Predominance of female population

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    Age composition of the population; labor resources

    • children (0-14 years);
    • adults (15-64 years);
    • elderly (65 years and older).

    When analyzing the age composition of the population, it is customary to distinguish three main age groups:

    • the share of children averages 34%,
    • adults - 58%,
    • elderly - 8%.

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    The influence of the age structure of the population on labor resources and the economically active population (EAP)

    In the world, about 45% of the total population is considered economically active; in the countries of Foreign Europe, North America, and Russia this figure is 48-50%, in the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America - 35-40%. This is due to the level of women’s employment in social production and the share of children in the age structure of the population.

    The ratio between the working population and the non-working (children and elderly) is called the demographic burden.

    The demographic burden in the world averages 70% (that is, 70 unemployed per 100 able-bodied), in developed countries - 45-50%, in developing countries - up to 100%.

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    Age and sex pyramids

    For graphical analysis of the age and sex structure of the population, sex and age pyramids are used, which look like a bar chart

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    The educational composition of the population as an indicator of its “quality”.

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    NUMBER OF STUDENTS PER 100 THOUSAND. RESIDENTS BY COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

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    Ethnic (national) composition of the population

    Humanity is usually divided into three main races:

    • Caucasian (countries of Europe, America, South-West Asia, North Africa);
    • Mongoloid (countries of Central and East Asia, America);
    • Negroid (most African countries).

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    The ethnic composition of the population is the result of a long historical process of mixing and relocation of representatives of different races and ethnic groups.

    Ethnicity (people) is an established stable group of people, characterized by a common language, territory, peculiarities of life, culture and ethnic identity.

    There are 3-4 thousand ethnic groups in the world. Some of them have turned into nations, others are nationalities and tribes.

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    Classification of ethnic groups

    The peoples of the world vary in size.

    The vast majority of peoples are small in number.

    Only 310 nations have a population of more than 1 million people, but they account for about 96% of the Earth's population.

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    The largest nations in the world by population include:

    • Chinese (1,120 million people);
    • Hindustani (219 million people);
    • US Americans (187 million people);
    • Bengalis (176 million people);
    • Russians (146 million people);
    • Brazilians (137 million people);
    • Japanese (123 million people).

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    Classification by language:

    By language, peoples are united into language families, which, in turn, are divided into language groups.

    There are 20 language families in the world

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    Distribution of major languages

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    Single- and multinational states.

    • with a sharp predominance of one nation in the presence of more or less significant national minorities (Great Britain, France, Spain, China, Mongolia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, USA, Commonwealth of Australia);
    • binational (Canada, Belgium);
    • with a complex but ethnically homogeneous national composition (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Laos);
    • with a complex and ethnically diverse national composition (Russia, India, Switzerland, Indonesia).
    • Single-national
    • Many national

    Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, most Latin American countries.

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    The main centers of ethno-religious conflicts

    • with actual economic and social inequality of peoples in some developed countries, infringement of the cultural identity of national minorities (Basques in Spain, Corsicans in France, Scots in Great Britain, French-Canadians in Canada);
    • with the process of uniting related tribes into nationalities, and nationalities into nations in many developing countries (India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Zaire, Sudan);
    • with the consequences of European colonization, which continues to oppress the indigenous population (Indians, Eskimos, Australian aborigines);
    • with racial discrimination (South Africa, USA);
    • with the formation of new states in the territories of the former USSR and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe.

    The problem of interethnic relations is currently quite acute. This is related:

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    Classification of world religions

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    Religious composition of the population

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    Religions and social life

    Most religions of the world attach special importance to continuity, traditions, and adherence to certain norms of behavior. From this point of view, religions definitely play a conservative role in society.

    Religions are often an obstacle to demographic policy.

    Religions have an indirect influence on agricultural development by restricting the consumption of certain foods (at certain times of the year) and by attaching symbolic significance to domestic animals.

    More than 260 million Buddhists are vegetarians, Hindus do not eat beef, and Muslims do not eat pork.

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    Adherents of various religions

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    Christianity

    • appeared at the beginning of the first millennium AD in the east of the Roman Empire, on the territory of modern Israel, as a protest against Judaic exclusivity.
    • It quickly spread among slaves and the poor.
    • Having proclaimed the equality of all people, Christianity rejected the existing slave-owning social order, giving the desperate hope of gaining freedom through the knowledge of the divine truth that Christ brought to earth.
    • According to Christianity, God exists in three persons - the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
    • God the Son accepted martyrdom to atone for the sins of people and come to Earth a second time to establish the kingdom of heaven.
    • The holy book of Christians is the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament and the New Testament.
    • The main ethical standards are patience and forgiveness. In 1054 there was a complete break between the Roman (western) and Constantinople (eastern) branches of Christianity, it was divided into Catholicism and Orthodoxy.
    • The main differences between them are the question of the origin of the Holy Spirit: Catholics believe that it came from God the Father and God the Son, Orthodox believe that it came from God

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    Catholic Church

    • strictly centralized, has one center - the state of the Vatican City, a single head - the Pope (Jesus' vicar on Earth).
    • The clergy in Catholicism takes a vow of celibacy.
    • The Catholic Church has a huge, strictly disciplined army of clergy, numerous monastic orders, and charitable organizations.