The maximum size of the federal budget deficit. budget deficit

The Budget Code establishes limits on the volume of the budget deficit and regulates the ways of covering it. Article 92 of Chapter 13 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation defines the maximum size of the deficit of budgets of different levels. The budget for the next financial year cannot be approved with a deficit exceeding this limit.

Size of the deficit federal budget cannot exceed the size of the non-oil and gas deficit of the federal budget. The non-oil and gas deficit of the federal budget is the difference between the volume of federal budget revenues, excluding oil and gas revenues of the federal budget and revenues from the management of the Reserve Fund and the National Welfare Fund, and the total volume of federal budget expenditures in the corresponding financial year. The federal budget's non-oil and gas deficit may not exceed 4.7 percent of the gross domestic product projected for the corresponding financial year, specified in the federal law on the federal budget for the next financial year and planning period.

The size of the budget deficit of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation may not exceed 15 percent of the volume of budget revenues of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, excluding financial assistance from the federal budget.

If the law of the subject of the Russian Federation on the budget for the corresponding year approves the amount of proceeds from the sale of property, the maximum amount of the budget deficit of the subject of the Russian Federation may exceed this limit, but not more than by the amount of proceeds from the sale of property.

At the same time, budget revenues must fully cover its current expenses. Sources of financing the deficit of regional budgets can only be used to cover investment costs, these funds cannot be used to service and pay off the debt of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The size of the local budget deficit may not exceed 10 percent of the volume of local budget revenues, excluding financial assistance from the federal budget and the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

If the normative act of the representative body of local self-government on the budget for the corresponding year approves the amount of proceeds from the sale of property, the maximum amount of the local budget deficit may exceed this limit, but not more than by the amount of proceeds from the sale of property.

Proceeds from deficit financing sources can also be used only for investment spending.

Compliance with the limit values of the budget deficit established by the Budget Code must be ensured according to the report on the execution of the relevant budget for the financial year.

If the budget for the next financial year with a deficit is adopted, the appropriate law (decision) on the budget approves the sources of financing the budget deficit.

E.A. Chugarina, Head of the Finance Department of the Perm City Administration

Dear Colleagues!

The problem of the contradiction between the two concepts of the component of financial assistance, leads to the question of the correctness of determining the maximum size of the local budget deficit, in terms of including subventions from other budget levels in the total amount of financial assistance.
In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 92 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, the local budget deficit cannot exceed 10% of the local budget revenues, excluding financial assistance from the federal budget and the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
On the one hand, according to paragraph 5 of Article 41 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation in determining the types of income, gratuitous and irrevocable transfers include financial assistance from the budgets of other levels in the form grants and subsidies .
On the other hand, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 181 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, financial assistance to the budgets of other levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation includes grants, subventions and subsidies .
In this connection, in our opinion, the amount of financial assistance, by the amount of which local budget revenues are reduced, should include receipts in the form of grants, subventions and subsidies when calculating the maximum size of the budget deficit.

On November 8, 2006, we sent a request to the Department of Budget Policy of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation to clarify the correctness of using indicators to determine the maximum size of the local budget deficit. To study the problem and express their proposals, on this issue it was proposed to the sections “Financiers of municipalities”, “Communities of financiers of Russia”. Letters with a similar question were sent for discussion to the heads of financial bodies of local self-government.
I would like to thank everyone who shared their experience in solving this problem - the Department of Finance of the Administration of Lipetsk, the Financial Department of Bratsk, the Department of Finance of Krasnodar, the Financial Department of ZATO Seversk, the Department of Finance of the Administration of Izhevsk, the Department of Finance of Krasnoyarsk, the Ministry of Finance of Kaluga region in Kaluga, the financial department of the city of Penza, the financial and treasury department of the Ivanov city administration, the financial department of the Tula city administration, the financial department of the Khabarovsk city administration, the finance committee of the Saratov city administration, the finance department of the mayor's office of Yaroslavl. All information on the experience of the regions presented by the NP "Community of Financiers" has been studied and analyzed.
Using the example of information provided by the Department of Finance of the Krasnoyarsk city administration, the maximum size of the budget deficit of the city of Krasnoyarsk is determined without taking into account financial assistance from other levels of the budget system, including grants, subventions and subsidies.
When determining the limit level of the deficit by the financial department of ZATO Seversk, all gratuitous receipts from the budgets of other levels are excluded from the volume of income, while the budget deficit is 9.97%.
There are also opposite opinions. The financial department of the administration of the city of Tula proposes to exclude from the volume of financial assistance subventions provided for in accordance with Article 181 of the Budget Code, by making appropriate changes to the Budget Code.

In addition, the problem of including subsidies in the form of an additional standard for deductions to the budgets of municipal districts (urban districts) from personal income tax in determining the maximum size of the local budget deficit remains unresolved. The problem is to determine the amount of the specified subsidy used to calculate the deficit, in the case when the amount of the subsidy approved by the law of the subject does not coincide with the amount of deductions, based on the tax potential of the municipality.
Article 138 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation provides that funds received by municipalities under an additional standard of deductions from personal income tax in excess of the estimated subsidy (part of the estimated subsidy) are withdrawn to the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and (or) accounted for in the subsequent distribution of financial assistance to local budgets are not subject, the losses of the budget of the municipality in connection with the receipt of funds below the estimated subsidy (part of the estimated subsidy) are not compensated and are not taken into account in the subsequent distribution of financial assistance.
According to the Finance Department of the Administration of Krasnoyarsk, a municipal formation should be guided by the size of the additional deduction standard, which is established in the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The amounts approved by the law on the budget take into account the size of the subsidy and the financial department of the city of Penza.
Although there is an opposite opinion presented by the Department of Finance of the Administration of the city of Izhevsk, where the index of the tax potential of the city district is used in budget calculations.

We consider it timely to prepare a draft of amendments and additions to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.
In the proposed draft, which is under consideration, Article 92 is amended regarding the determination of the size of the deficit: “The limit value of the budget deficit of the municipality should not exceed 10 percent of the approved annual budget revenues of the municipality, excluding gratuitous receipts and (or) tax revenues under additional standards deductions".
It is proposed to exclude the concept of “financial assistance” and the concept of gratuitous receipts is specified: “Gratuitous receipts include:
grants and subsidies from other budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation;
subventions from the federal budget and (or) from the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
other interbudgetary transfers from other budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation”;

There is another problem of determining the marginal level of the budget deficit - this is the problem of accounting for balances. Annual planning of budget parameters and deficits is complicated by the balances on the city budget account as of January 1 in the form of funds received from subventions from the federal and regional budgets that were not used during the year, as well as the balances of funds from entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities. If the budget is adopted with a deficit of 10%, the adjustment of the budget for the balance of these funds leads to the excess of the maximum allowable level of the budget deficit.
We propose that, due to the fact that income from entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities are funds that have a target character, when preparing draft amendments and additions to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, clause 5 of Article 92 should be stated as follows: “The limit value of the budget deficit of the municipality is not must exceed 10 percent of the approved annual volume of budget revenues of the municipality, excluding gratuitous receipts, income from the provision of paid services provided by budgetary institutions, after the payment of taxes and fees provided for by the legislation on taxes and fees and (or) receipts of tax revenues for additional deductions.

The federal budget deficit, approved by the federal law on the federal budget for the next financial year and planning period, cannot exceed the size of the non-oil and gas federal budget deficit (the latter cannot exceed 4.7 percent of the gross domestic product projected in the corresponding financial year (from 2012 .).

Approval of a federal budget with a deficit is allowed only if the oil price forecast for the relevant financial year does not exceed the base oil price established in accordance with this Code.

Credits of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as the acquisition by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of government securities of the Russian Federation when they are placed, cannot be sources of financing the federal budget deficit.

Limit values of the budget deficit of the subject of the Russian Federation and the municipality:

limit value budget deficit of the subject Russian Federation should not exceed 15% the approved annual volume of budget revenues of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, excluding gratuitous receipts.

At the same time, the maximum value of the budget deficit of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in respect of which the measures provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 130 of this Code are being implemented should not exceed 10% of the approved annual budget revenues of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, excluding gratuitous receipts. If the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the budget approves, as part of the sources of financing the budget deficit of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, proceeds from the sale of shares, shares, shares owned by the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as land plots owned by the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and reducing the balance of funds on accounts for accounting for budget funds of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the maximum amount of the budget deficit of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation may be approved within the limits of the indicated receipts and a decrease in the balance of funds on accounts in excess of the restrictions established by this paragraph.

limit value municipal budget deficit should not exceed 10% the approved annual volume of revenues of the budget of the municipality, excluding gratuitous receipts and receipts of tax revenues for additional deductions.

At the same time, the maximum value of the budget deficit of the municipality, in respect of which the measures provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 136 of this Code are being implemented, should not exceed 5% of the approved annual budget revenues of the municipality, excluding gratuitous receipts and receipts of tax revenues for additional deductions.

In the event that a municipal legal act of the representative body of the municipality on the budget approves, as part of the sources of financing the local budget deficit, the amount of proceeds from the sale of shares, shares, shares owned by the municipality, as well as land plots owned by the municipality and reducing the balance of funds by accounts for the accounting of local budget funds, the limiting size of the local budget deficit may be approved within the limits of the indicated receipts and reduce the balance of funds on the accounts in excess of the restrictions established by this paragraph.

Reserve Fund and National Welfare Fund.

Reserve fund.

The reserve fund is part of the federal budget. The fund is designed to ensure that the state fulfills its spending obligations in the event of a decrease in oil and gas revenues to the federal budget.

The Reserve Fund contributes to the stability of the country's economic development by reducing inflationary pressures and reducing the dependence of the national economy on fluctuations in revenues from the export of non-renewable natural resources.

The Reserve Fund actually replaced the Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation. In contrast to the Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation, in addition to federal budget revenues from oil production and exports, the sources for the formation of the Reserve Fund are also federal budget revenues from gas production and exports.

The maximum size of the Reserve Fund is fixed at the level of 10% of the volume of the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation forecast for the corresponding financial year.

Oil and gas revenues of the federal budget formed by:

Tax on the extraction of minerals in the form of hydrocarbon raw materials (oil, combustible natural gas, gas condensate);

Export customs duties on crude oil;

Export customs duties on natural gas;

Export customs duties on goods produced from oil.

Management Goals

The objectives of the management of the Reserve Fund are to ensure the safety of the Fund's resources and a stable level of income from its placement in the long term. Management of the fund's resources for these purposes allows for the possibility of obtaining negative financial results in the short term.

Managment structure

Management of the Reserve Fund is carried out by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Separate powers to manage the resources of the Reserve Fund may be exercised by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

1. The budget deficit of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation for the next financial year and each year of the planning period, the local budget deficit for the next financial year (the next financial year and each year of the planning period) is established by a law (decision) on the relevant budget, subject to the restrictions established by paragraphs 2 and 3 of this article.

2. The budget deficit of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation shall not exceed 15 percent of the approved total annual volume of budget revenues of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, excluding the approved volume of gratuitous receipts.

For a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, in respect of which the measures provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 130 of this Code are being implemented, the budget deficit must not exceed 10 percent of the approved total annual volume of budget revenues of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, excluding the approved volume of gratuitous receipts.

If the budget law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation approves, as part of the sources of financing the budget deficit of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, proceeds from the sale of shares and other forms of participation in capital, from the sale of state reserves of precious metals and precious stones owned by a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and (or) reduction of balances on accounts for accounting for the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, including the funds of the Reserve Fund of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the budget deficit of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation may exceed the limits established by this paragraph, within the amount of these receipts and a decrease in balances of funds on accounts for recording funds the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, including the funds of the Reserve Fund of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

3. The deficit of the local budget should not exceed 10 percent of the approved total annual volume of local budget revenues, excluding the approved volume of gratuitous receipts and (or) tax revenues for additional deductions.

For a municipal formation in respect of which the measures provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 136 of this Code are being implemented, the budget deficit must not exceed 5 percent of the approved total annual volume of local budget revenues, excluding the approved volume of gratuitous receipts and (or) receipts of tax revenues for additional rates of deductions.

In the event that a municipal legal act of the representative body of the municipality on the budget approves, as part of the sources of financing the local budget deficit, proceeds from the sale of shares and other forms of participation in capital owned by the municipality, and (or) a decrease in the balance of funds on accounts for accounting for local budget funds the deficit of the local budget may exceed the limits established by this paragraph, within the amount of the indicated receipts and a decrease in the balance of funds on the accounts for accounting for the funds of the local budget.

4. The budget deficit of a subject of the Russian Federation, the deficit of the local budget, formed according to the annual report on the execution of the corresponding budget, must comply with the restrictions established by paragraphs 2 and 3 of this article.

The paragraph is invalid. - Federal Law of 02.08.2019 N 307-FZ.

5. Credits from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as the acquisition by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of government securities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipal securities when they are placed, cannot be sources of financing the deficit of the corresponding budget.

If the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the budget approves, as part of the sources of financing the budget deficit of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, proceeds from the sale of shares and other forms of participation in capital owned by the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and (or) a decrease in the balance of funds in the accounts for accounting for the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, including the funds of the Reserve Fund of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the budget deficit of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation may exceed the limits established by this paragraph, within the amount of the said receipts and reduce the balance of funds on the accounts for accounting for the budget funds of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, including the funds of the Reserve fund of the subject of the Russian Federation.

Excess, according to the data of the annual report on the execution of the relevant budget, of the limits established by this article is a violation of the budget legislation of the Russian Federation and entails the application of coercive measures provided for by this Code for violation of the budget legislation of the Russian Federation.

The maximum size of the federal budget deficit. budget deficit

Limit values ​​of the budget deficit of the subject of the Russian Federation and the municipality:

Limit values of the budget deficit of the subject of the Russian Federation and the municipality: