For individual entrepreneurs using the simplified tax system, all taxes are replaced by one - a single tax. The object for determining the amount of tax can be income, or income minus expenses. An individual entrepreneur can choose the object of taxation independently, based on the criteria of economic feasibility.

The single tax of the simplified tax system is calculated as follows: tax rate * tax base.

The tax rate varies depending on the object of taxation. For the object of taxation “income” it is 6%. The tax base is the income received (revenue of the individual entrepreneur). Any types of expenses are not taken into account. Individual entrepreneurs using the simplified tax system (USN)-6% can reduce the tax on insurance premiums paid for themselves and their employees to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and the Social Insurance Fund. If an individual entrepreneur has employees, then the maximum deduction amount is 50%; if not, then he can completely reduce the tax (by 100%).

An example of calculating the simplified tax system for individual entrepreneurs without employees. The individual entrepreneur's revenue for the year amounted to 300,000 rubles, contributions to the Pension Fund - 20,727.53 rubles. The amount of tax to be paid is 300,000 * 0.06 = 18,000 - 20,753.53 = 0. It turns out there is no need to pay tax, because contributions are greater than the amount of calculated tax.

An example of calculating the simplified tax system for individual entrepreneurs with employees. The individual entrepreneur's revenue for the year amounted to 1,000,000 rubles, contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation - 120,000 rubles. The tax amount is 100,000 * 0.06 = 60,000. It can be reduced by contributions only by 50%, i.e. you need to pay 30,000.

If the object is “income-expenses”, the base rate is 15% (in some regions - from 5 to 15% for individual entrepreneurs conducting certain types of activities). For individual entrepreneurs on the simplified tax system-15%, confirmed expenses are taken into account, i.e. The tax base is not the revenue, but the profit of the individual entrepreneur. All income and expenses are determined on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year. There is an important rule: if the minimum tax (1% of turnover) turns out to be more than calculated, you must pay exactly that.

An example of calculating tax for individual entrepreneurs using the simplified tax system - 15%. The income of the individual entrepreneur amounted to 2,000,000 rubles, documented expenses - 1,200,000. The tax base is equal to (2,000,000 - 1,200,000) = 800,000. Tax amount = 800,000 * 0.15 = 120,000 rubles. At the same time, the minimum tax = 2,000,000 * 0.01 = 20,000 rubles, which is less than the calculated tax. Accordingly, it is necessary to pay 120,000 rubles to the budget.

How to calculate individual entrepreneur taxes on OSNO

Individual entrepreneurs on OSNO pay personal income tax and VAT. Personal income tax of 13% is paid on the difference between income and documented expenses (professional deductions). If documentary confirmation is not possible, income may be reduced by the standard cost (20% of the amount of income).

For example, the income of an individual entrepreneur was 50,000 rubles, expenses - 30,000 rubles. Personal income tax payable - (50,000 - 30,000)*0.13 = 2,600.

VAT is calculated as follows: the amount of income divided by 118 and multiplied by 18 is VAT “accrued”. VAT “to be offset” is calculated on the basis of invoices received from suppliers. Amount of VAT payable = “amount to be charged” minus “amount to be credited”.

How to calculate individual entrepreneur taxes on UTII

When calculating the amount of UTII, real income does not matter; taxpayers are guided by the amount of imputed income, which is prescribed in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. UTII can only be applied to certain types of activities. These include retail trade, personal services, parking, etc.

UTII is calculated using the following formula: (tax base* tax rate*K1*K2) - insurance Contributions. The tax rate in this case is 15%. The basic yield is adjusted in accordance with deflator coefficients (K1 - common for all and K2 - set at the regional level). Individual entrepreneurs without employees reduce UTII by 100% of paid contributions, with employees - by 50%.

The tax base is calculated for each type of activity individually; this is the amount of imputed income. In general, it looks like this: imputed income = basic profitability * physical indicator. A physical indicator may, for example, be the size of a retail space or the number of employees. UTII is paid every quarter.

Tax calculation example. The individual entrepreneur is engaged in the provision of household services, the basic profitability is set at 7,500 rubles. per month. The physical indicator is the number of employees - the individual entrepreneur has 5 of them. (with him - 6). The coefficient k1 is 1.569, k2 - 0.52. The amount of insurance premiums paid for the quarter is 49,500 rubles. UTII tax for the quarter = tax base (7500*3*1.569*0.52*6)*0.15 = 110,144 * 0.15 = 16,522 rubles. Next, you need to reduce the tax by 50%, 8261 rubles. - the amount of tax to be paid.

Many people still do not fully understand what the concepts mean profit, income and revenue of individual entrepreneurs. If we begin to analyze this topic in more detail, then clarifying definitions appear: net profit, gross profit. Statisticians, economists and accountants publish their indicators using strict terms of defined meaning. These definitions are specified in state legislative documentation. All reporting employees are required to know them all. But since many non-professionals are interested in the area of ​​profitability and profitability, it would be useful to understand the meaning of the terms discussed.

What does the term “revenue” mean?

IP revenue– this is one of the most easily understood concepts in modern economics. As it would seem, there is nothing simpler, revenue is the money that an individual or organization receives for goods or services provided.

But as such, revenue has its own characteristics. In everyday life, these are real funds received by the seller. This case has a name - the cash method of accounting for revenue. For example, the goods are given to the buyer with deferred payment, but there will be no revenue until the money arrives in the bank account. The cash method has a downside - advances received are considered revenue.

Large companies use a different method of accounting for revenue, the more common one being accrual accounting. Regardless of the date of receipt of money, revenue is recognized as real already at the moment of signing a document on services rendered or upon transfer of a certain product to the buyer. Advances in this case are not considered revenue.

IP revenue can be pure or gross. Gross profit is the entire amount of money received for a service or product. The price of a product or service includes mandatory excise taxes, taxes and duties. They are necessarily removed from the buyer's payment and returned to the state.

In this way, net revenue appears. It is characterized as the activity of an enterprise or individual entrepreneur, regardless of the size and composition of excise taxes and taxes that are included in the sales price. The income statement is an accounting document that shows net revenue.

Income is the amount of growing capital of the enterprise. How does this value increase? The first way is that the owners of the enterprise contribute, the second way is the activity of the enterprise. The only goal of any business activity is net income.

Gross profit of individual entrepreneurs

Gross profit is the amount of income received by an individual entrepreneur or enterprise from any type of activity, reduced by the costs associated with it. For example, income is generated from the main activity of selling services or goods, and expense is their cost. Gross profit is calculated by the difference between cost and income. In core trading, gross profit is the difference between the cost and the selling price of the product. In industry, this indicator is more difficult to calculate, since the cost includes various cost elements that are taken into account according to special rules.

The gross profit indicator is used to compare the performance of different enterprises. It is also used within one enterprise in order to determine the effectiveness of the production of any goods. Bankers use gross profit to calculate the creditworthiness of an individual entrepreneur or individual business.

Net profit

Net profit of individual entrepreneurs or an enterprise is the result of activities for a certain period. It is taken from gross profit reduced by the amount of costs classified according to the rules specified in the laws (credit interest, fines, income tax and other operating expenses).

After deducting the above expenses, gross profit creates the basis from which dividends to the shareholders (owners) of the enterprise are calculated. Net profit is the final result of the enterprise’s performance; it is recorded in the balance sheet.

Introduction to the concept profit, income and revenue of individual entrepreneurs Today it has become clear that these are the main economic categories that have significant differences among themselves.

Income is considered to be the material or monetary value received from the sale of goods or the provision of services. Income is a certain amount in monetary terms by which the capital of an entrepreneur or organization grows. The income of an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity can only be obtained as a result of commercial activities, although the authorized capital of an LLC or CJSC can also increase due to contributions from the founders.

The income of an individual entrepreneur is the funds received from the sale of products or the provision of certain services. The income received by an entrepreneur as a result of economic activities serves him in fulfilling obligations, purchasing raw materials or products, and expanding his business. The main goal of individual entrepreneurship is not income, but net profit, that is, the difference between income received and expenses incurred.

Income is generated according to the following items:

1. Performing work or service; profit received from trade turnover.
2. Sale of assets, securities or property of an individual entrepreneur, confirmed by a document of ownership.
3. Non-operating profit.

The income of an individual entrepreneur is also an object of taxation. For all hired employees, individual entrepreneurs pay a personal income tax of 13%, that is, the income of employees is also subject to taxation. The simplified taxation system, if one is chosen by the individual entrepreneur, provides for the levy of 6% on the income that the entrepreneur receives from his activities. The rate in such a situation is fixed and cannot be adjusted. This tax deduction system is usually chosen by those individual entrepreneurs who provide household, consulting and other services when expenses do not exceed 60% of income. Accounting for both income and expenses of individual entrepreneurs, which are subject to the general taxation system, must be reflected in the Accounting Book. In addition, the entrepreneur maintains a book of purchases and sales, as well as a journal of invoices. This is necessary, since an individual entrepreneur in such a situation pays value added tax.

The income of an individual entrepreneur is also subject to taxation in the case when the individual entrepreneur uses the Unified Agricultural Tax. But to calculate the amount of tax payments, profit is taken as a basis, that is, income minus expenses. The tax rate under this system is, as under the simplified tax system, 6%. And with a simplified system, it is possible to use the “income minus expenses” system when calculating tax payments. In such a situation, the tax rate will range from 5 to 15%, depending on the region in which the individual entrepreneur operates.

There is also such a thing as UTII - a single tax on imputed income. Such imputed income is usually considered to be the expected income from the activities of an individual entrepreneur in monetary terms. When calculating tax amounts, the actual amount of income received by an entrepreneur, in principle, does not matter, since when switching to this type of taxation for individual entrepreneurs, the amount of expected income is established and this, in fact, is what is meant by the object of taxation. UTII payers, as a rule, derive income from retail trade, rental services for retail outlets and land plots, transportation of goods and passengers, veterinary and other services, usually of a domestic nature.

Individual entrepreneurs, when performing certain types of activities, can also be considered under the patent system for tax purposes. The patent system does not exist in all regions of the Russian Federation, and its implementation is only possible if the entrepreneur lives in an area where the system is permitted. In PSN, the cash equivalent of an individual entrepreneur’s income plays an important role. Only a business entity whose income is less than 60 million rubles and whose number of employees does not exceed 15 can switch to this type of tax assessment. The patent system is very convenient when carrying out business activities, since it exempts individual entrepreneurs from many types of tax deductions; a patent issued to an entrepreneur is valid from one month to a year, but within one calendar year. That is, when an individual entrepreneur decides to switch to the patent system, it is more advisable to do this at the beginning of the year.

The simplified taxation system comes in two types: “Income” and “Income minus expenses.” They differ in how much you pay tax on. We described how to choose a profitable type of simplified tax system in the article “Simplified taxation system in 2020”.

Rate of the simplified tax system “Income”

The tax rate shows how much percent of income the state will have to pay. In most cases it is 6%. But there are regions that have reduced the rate.

In Crimea and Sevastopol the rate is 4%. In Sevastopol, you can pay even less - 3%, if you run a business from the list of preferential activities. In the Chechen Republic, the tax rate depends on the number of employees and ranges from 1% to 6%.

In Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg, the simplified taxation system rate is standard - 6%.

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What income does not need to be taken into account in the simplified tax system?

Not all money received is your income. When calculating the simplified tax system, you do not need to take into account:

• loan repayment;
• obtaining a loan;
• replenishing your account with personal money;
• security deposit or pledge;
• refund from the supplier;
• erroneous receipts from a counterparty or bank - Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 7, 2006 N 03-11-04/2/231;
• money received by an agent under an agency agreement, except for agency fees;
• grants;
• income from business on a different taxation system, if you combine the simplified tax system with UTII or a patent;
• other income from Art. 251 NK.

Individual entrepreneurs have income that is not taken into account in the simplified tax system, but personal income tax is withheld from them at a rate of 35%:

1. The cost of winnings and prizes from participation in incentive competitions that are held to advertise products. Personal income tax must be paid on that part of the winnings whose value is above 4,000 rubles. Personal income tax is transferred not by the individual entrepreneur himself, but by the organizer of the competition.
2. Saving on interest when receiving a loan at a rate below ⅔ of the refinancing rate. The bank itself will calculate and pay personal income tax to the tax office.

When to take into account income of the simplified tax system

It's important to record earnings on the correct date because it determines when you pay tax on that money.

Earnings are recorded on the day you receive them. This is called the cash method of revenue recognition. If the income is cash, take it into account on the day the money arrives in your bank account or cash register. Prepayment must also be taken into account on the day of receipt.

In some situations, income must be taken into account before you receive the money. For example, you sell through a courier who receives payment and transfers it to you. In this situation, income is taken into account on the day the client paid the courier, despite the fact that you have not yet received the money.

If the income is non-monetary, for example, offsetting mutual obligations with a client, take it into account on the day when you signed the act of offset or other document.

For example, you developed a website for a furniture showroom, and he supplied you with office furniture. The counterparty must pay 100,000 rubles for the website, and you must pay him the same amount for the furniture. In order not to transfer money from account to account, you agreed on a mutual settlement, after which no one owes anyone. To formalize the agreement, you sign an act of offset. On the same day, you need to take into account 100,000 rubles in the income of the simplified tax system.

Is it possible to take into account expenses?

Expenses cannot be taken into account at the simplified tax system of 6%. Therefore, if your business has high costs, you should think about switching to the simplified tax system “Income minus expenses”.

How to reduce the simplified tax system 6%

One of the advantages of the simplified tax system “Income” is that the tax can be reduced on insurance premiums for individual entrepreneurs and employees. To do this without errors, remember two rules:

1. Individual entrepreneurs without employees reduce the tax on contributions completely, and individual entrepreneurs with employees and LLCs - by half.

   For example, you have no employees, and the simplified tax system for the first quarter was 10 thousand rubles. In the same quarter you paid 8,000 rubles in insurance premiums. You subtract this amount from the simplified tax system and pay 2,000 instead of 10 thousand rubles.

   Another situation: you hired employees and paid 20 thousand rubles in insurance premiums for them and for individual entrepreneurs during the first quarter. The simplified tax system for the first quarter is 15,000 rubles. Since you have employees, you only reduce the simplified tax system by half. It turns out that the simplified tax system for the first quarter cannot be lower than 7,500 rubles. As a result, you pay 7,500 rubles instead of 15 thousand rubles in tax.

2. You can deduct from tax only those contributions that you paid in the same period for which you are calculating the tax. For example, on March 1 you paid 15,000 rubles in insurance premiums. You can deduct this amount from the simplified tax system for the first quarter. We wrote a separate article “” about the rules for reducing taxes.

Reporting on the simplified tax system “Income” in 2020

Tax on the simplified tax system is paid quarterly, and the declaration is submitted once at the end of the year - this is the most important thing that entrepreneurs on the simplified tax system need to remember. Quarterly payments are called advance payments because you pay them in advance for the whole year.

Every quarter you need to pay tax:

• until April 1, 2020 for LLCs, until April 30, 2020 for individual entrepreneurs - final calculation of the simplified tax system for 2019.
• until April 27 - for the 1st quarter of 2020,
• until July 27 - for the first half of 2020,
• until October 25 - for 9 months of 2020.

Submit your simplified taxation tax return once a year. For 2019, LLCs report until April 1, 2020, and individual entrepreneurs - until April 30, 2020.

In addition, keep a book of income accounting. Record all business income and insurance premiums paid there. This book does not need to be handed over to the tax office until it asks.

Will Elba help?

Elba will help you keep track of your income using the simplified tax system. The service will calculate the tax and correctly reduce it by insurance premiums, and at the end of the year will prepare a tax return. We will issue an electronic signature for sending reports via the Internet free of charge. .

People who want to work for themselves, that is, become individual entrepreneurs, should know what income is for an individual entrepreneur. The first thing to start with is to draw up your business plan. It includes all calculations that relate to both expenses and income. While it is quite easy to deduct investments and business expenses, the net profit for which a person actually works can be difficult to determine.

To understand all the nuances of an individual entrepreneur, you need to clearly understand what concepts such as income, profit and revenue represent. With a detailed study of this issue, definitions such as net and gross profit will appear. All workers of statistical services, as well as accountants and economists, use in their calculations and in their publication only clear terms that have certain meanings. Each reporting employee must know all the designations. It would not hurt to study similar concepts for non-professionals, whose activities are only slightly related to accounting and reporting activities.

Revenue for individual entrepreneurs

The simplest and most understandable term for any individual entrepreneur or legal entity is the concept of revenue. In modern economics, this is the name given to funds received by a person or organization for the sale of goods or provision of services.

However, revenue itself has some peculiarities. In most cases, revenue refers solely to the actual money that the seller received and placed in the cash register. This method of accounting is called cash accounting.

If the goods are provided to the buyer with deferred payment, the money will arrive at the cash register much later. For this reason, in those companies that use a similar method of settlement with customers, income is taken into account on an accrual basis. Thus, regardless of when the real money arrives at the cash desk, it is considered credited. Revenue is recognized as real at the moment when the document on the sale of goods is signed. In this case, the daily income does not include the amount of the advance payment, but the entire purchase price.

Revenue from individual entrepreneurial activities can be gross or net. The first option involves the entire amount of money received when paying for a product or service. This includes excise duty, tax and duty. These funds are allocated from the total amount and given to the state in the form of taxes. As a result, the entrepreneur retains his net proceeds, that is, profit or income. It is these figures that must be entered in the loss and profit report journal, which is one of the most important accounting documents of an individual entrepreneur.

Income and profit of individual entrepreneurs

The income of an individual entrepreneur is the numbers that show the growth of the individual entrepreneur’s capital. This value can increase due to several factors. First of all, the amount increases with new investments in the business, and income also increases due to the activities of the enterprise. The main task of any businessman is to increase the company's net income.

To calculate the gross profit of an enterprise, it is necessary to determine the company’s income, which will consist of the total revenue of the individual entrepreneur and investments, and then subtract from this amount the costs associated with individual entrepreneurial activity. Gross profit can be determined using a simple scheme, if you take as income the proceeds from the sale of a product or the provision of a service, and then subtract the cost of the product.

If sales play a major role in individual entrepreneurial activity, gross profit is calculated as the difference between income, that is, the selling price of goods and cost. For industrial enterprises and companies that provide various services, everything is much more complicated. In this case, it will not be easy to determine the level of costs, so the company creates its own calculation scheme.

Gross profit indicators are very important for companies that have several branches. For example, if an individual entrepreneur has several stores, the level of gross profit of each of them can be used to determine the efficiency of a particular outlet.

Gross profit is no less important for those businessmen who plan to expand their business but need credit. Bankers use a business's gross profit to determine its creditworthiness.

The net profit of an individual entrepreneur is the result of the company’s activities over a certain period of time. To calculate this indicator, gross profit is taken, and from it all kinds of costs are subtracted, without which the activities of any individual entrepreneur are impossible. In this case, we can talk about credit interest, fines, personal income tax and other types of operating expenses.

It is from the net profit of the enterprise that dividends are accrued to the owner or shareholders, if any. This indicator is the result of the efficiency of the individual entrepreneur, so it must be recorded by the accountant in the balance sheet.

How to calculate a company's income?

A person who is going to become a businessman and open his own individual entrepreneur needs to know how profitable his idea will be. To do this, you need to collect a lot of information and calculate the approximate amount of income. Profit calculation will also be useful for those who are already engaged in individual entrepreneurial activities. Maintaining accounting books is not a requirement today, which is why many people abandon them. As a result, not every entrepreneur can find out the exact amount of his income.

In order to understand the issue of profit, you need to stock up on a calculator or accounting program and prepare a ledger for recording the income and expenses of the enterprise.

The last category includes the costs of organizing work, the cost of goods, and tax deductions. If a company makes only 2-3 sales a day, then there will be no problems with determining revenue.

It's a different matter when it comes to active trading. In this case, one calculator and a sheet of paper are not enough. For such situations, simple and convenient accounting programs were invented. The principle of their operation is completely simple. To begin with, a new information base is created. This work is performed using the installation wizard. Next, the profit and expense sections are filled in, and then the program automatically begins to record data and, if necessary, provides accounting data.

Individual entrepreneurs who use the simplified taxation system find it somewhat easier to calculate the income and profit of their business. In this case, it is necessary to maintain a special accounting book, which is filled out strictly in accordance with the rules outlined by Russian legislation. If the reporting procedure is violated, the individual entrepreneur may have problems with the Federal Tax Service. It is necessary to make entries in the book in strict chronological order, and there are certain columns for the amount of income and expenses.

The end of a certain period of time indicates the need to display the final value. These figures are then indicated in the tax return. It is allowed to maintain an accounting book in paper and electronic form. It is very important to store the document so that it is never lost or deleted. Loss of information and inability to provide reporting data will cause big problems with the tax service.

An individual entrepreneur should remember that in order to determine the income of an individual entrepreneur, you need to be able to competently keep records of cash flow. If the skills for this are not enough, you should entrust this work to a professional accountant.