The balance sheet is prepared according to the data. Simplified balance sheet: example of filling
Drawing up a balance sheet is essentially transferring the balances of the accounting accounts to the lines provided for them. Therefore, to correctly draw up a balance sheet, you need not only to keep accounting records correctly and in full, but also to know which accounting accounts are reflected in which line of the balance sheet.
During the consultation, we will provide a breakdown of all the lines of the balance sheet. In this case, we will detail the balance sheet lines according to the most typical accounts, which are reflected on such lines. After all, the procedure for drawing up financial statements in general and the balance sheet in particular, as well as the reflection of certain indicators, is influenced by the characteristics of the organization’s activities and its activities.
By the way, we showed how to draw up a balance sheet in a separate example. And we talked about the content and structure of the balance sheet in another. Let us remind you that the current form of the balance sheet submitted to the tax inspectorate and statistical authorities was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.
Explanation of balance sheet asset lines
| Indicator name | Code | Algorithm for calculating the indicator | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intangible assets | 1110 | 04 “Intangible assets”, 05 “Amortization of intangible assets” | D04 (excluding R&D expenses) - K05 |
| Research and development results | 1120 | 04 | D04 (in terms of R&D expenses) |
| Intangible search assets | 1130 | 08 “Investments in non-current assets”, 05 | D08 - K05 (all regarding intangible exploration assets) |
| Material prospecting assets | 1140 | 08, 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” | D08 - K02 (all regarding material exploration assets) |
| Fixed assets | 01 “Fixed assets”, 02 | D01 - K02 (except for depreciation of fixed assets accounted for in account 03 “Income-generating investments in tangible assets” | |
| Profitable investments in material assets | 1160 | 03, 02 | D03 - K02 (except for depreciation of fixed assets accounted for on account 01) |
| Financial investments | 1170 | 58 “Financial investments”, 55-3 “Deposit accounts”, 59 “Provisions for impairment of financial investments”, 73-1 “Settlements on loans provided” | D58 - K59 (in terms of long-term financial investments) + D73-1 (in terms of long-term interest-bearing loans) |
| Deferred tax assets | 1180 | 09 “Deferred tax assets” | D09 |
| Other noncurrent assets | 1190 | 07 “Equipment for installation”, 08, 97 “Deferred expenses” | D07 + D08 (except for exploration assets) + D97 (in terms of expenses with a write-off period of more than 12 months after the reporting date) |
| Reserves | 10 “Materials”, 11 “Animals for growing and fattening”, 14 “Reserves for reducing the cost of material assets”, 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”, 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”, 20 “Main production”, 21 “Semi-finished products own production”, 23 “Auxiliary production”, 28 “Defects in production”, 29 “Service production and facilities”, 41 “Goods”, 42 “Trade margin”, 43 “Finished products”, 44 “Sales expenses”, 45 “Goods shipped”, 97 | D10 + D11 - K14 + D15 + D16 + D20 + D21 + D23 + D28 + D29 + D41 - K42 + D43 + D44 + D45 + D97 (for expenses with a write-off period of no more than 12 months after the reporting date) | |
| Value added tax on purchased assets | 1220 | 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets” | D19 |
| Accounts receivable | 1230 | 46 “Completed stages of work in progress”, 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”, 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”, 63 “Provisions for doubtful debts”, 68 “Settlements for taxes and duties”, 69 “Settlements for social insurance and security", 70 "Settlements with personnel for wages", 71 "Settlements with accountable persons", 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations", 75 "Settlements with founders", 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" | D46 + D60 + D62 - K63 + D68 + D69 + D70 + D71 + D73 (except for interest-bearing loans accounted for in subaccount 73-1) + D75 + D76 (minus VAT calculations reflected in the accounts on advances issued and received) |
| Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents) | 1240 | 58, 55-3, 59, 73-1 | D58 - K59 (in terms of short-term financial investments) + D55-3 + D73-1 (in terms of short-term interest-bearing loans) |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 50 “Cash”, 51 “Current accounts”, 52 “Currency accounts”, 55 “Special bank accounts”, 57 “Transfers in transit”, | D50 (except for subaccount 50-3) + D51 + D52 + D55 (except for the balance of subaccount 55-3) + D57 | |
| Other current assets | 1260 | 50-3 “Cash documents”, 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables” | D50-3 + D94 |
Passive balance: decoding lines
| Indicator name | Code | Which account data is used? | Algorithm for calculating the indicator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authorized capital (share capital capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners) | 1310 | 80 “Authorized capital” | K80 |
| Own shares purchased from shareholders | 1320 | 81 “Own shares (shares)” | D81 (in parentheses) |
| Revaluation of non-current assets | 1340 | 83 “Additional capital” | K83 (in terms of amounts of additional valuation of non-current assets) |
| Additional capital (without revaluation) | 1350 | 83 | K83 (except for amounts of additional valuation of non-current assets) |
| Reserve capital | 1360 | 82 “Reserve capital” | K82 |
| Retained earnings (uncovered loss) | 99 “Profits and losses”, 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” | Or K99 + K84 Or D99 + D84 (the result is reflected in parentheses) Or K84 - D99 (if the value is negative, it is reflected in parentheses) Or K99 - D84 (same) |
|
| Borrowed funds | 1410 | 67 “Calculations for long-term loans and borrowings” | K67 (in terms of debt with a maturity date of more than 12 months at the reporting date) |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 1420 | 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” | K77 |
| Estimated liabilities | 1430 | 96 “Reserves for future expenses” | K96 (in terms of estimated liabilities with a maturity period of more than 12 months after the reporting date) |
| Other obligations | 1450 | 60, 62, 68, 69, 76, 86 “Targeted financing” | K60 + K62 + K68 + K69 + K76 + K86 (all in terms of long-term debt) |
| Borrowed funds | 1510 | 66 “Calculations for short-term loans and borrowings”, 67 | K66 + K67 (in terms of debt with a maturity of no more than 12 months as of the reporting date) |
| Accounts payable | 60, 62, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76 | K60 + K62 + K68 + K69 + K70 + K71 + K73 + K75 + K76 (in terms of short-term debt, minus VAT calculations reflected in the accounts on advances issued and received) | |
| revenue of the future periods | 1530 | 98 “Deferred income” | K98 |
| Estimated liabilities | 1540 | 96 | K96 (in terms of estimated liabilities with a maturity date of no more than 12 months after the reporting date) |
| Other obligations | 1550 | 86 | K86 (in terms of short-term liabilities) |
The general form of the balance sheet is given in Appendix No. 1 to Order No. 66n.
You cannot remove any lines from the approved form, but you can enter additional ones if you wish.
For example, if an organization wants to separately show deferred expenses in the balance sheet, then you can independently add a special line to the “Current assets” section.
The balance sheet in its general form has columns in which the following indicators are given for each item:
- as of the reporting date (when filling out the balance sheet for 2016 - as of December 31, 2016);
- as of December 31 of the previous year (when filling out the balance sheet for 2016 - as of December 31, 2015);
- as of December 31 of the year preceding the previous one (when filling out the balance sheet for 2014 - as of December 31, 2014).
Organizations add column 3 independently to enter the line code in it.
The balance sheet contains two parts - assets and liabilities, which must be equal to each other.
The asset reflects the amount of non-current and current assets, and the liability - the amount of equity capital and borrowed funds, as well as accounts payable.
The codes of indicators that are indicated in the balance sheet are given in Appendix No. 4 to Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.
Rules for filling out the balance
The balance sheet is always drawn up for a specific date (clause 18 of PBU 4/99).In addition, the balance sheet provides similar data as of December 31 of last year and the year before (clause 10 of PBU 4/99).
This data must be taken from the balance sheet for the previous year.
To fill out the balance sheet, you must create a balance sheet for all accounts for the year.
Based on the balances of accounting accounts (subaccounts) from the turnover balance sheet, balance sheet lines are formed.
If the balance sheet does not contain data to fill out any lines of the balance sheet (for example, line 1130 “Intangible exploration assets”, line 1140 “Tangible exploration assets”), then in this case a dash is added (Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated 01/09/2013 No. 07 -02-18/01).
The procedure for filling out individual balance lines
Now let's look at the procedure for filling out individual balance lines.Section I. Non-current assets
Intangible assets. The residual value of intangible assets is reflected on line 1110. Clause 3 of PBU 14/2007 “Accounting for intangible assets”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 27, 2007 No. 153n, allows you to find out what belongs to this group. Thus, in order to accept an object for accounting as an intangible asset, it is necessary that the following conditions be simultaneously met:- the object is capable of generating economic benefits in the future, and the organization has the right to receive them;
- the object can be separated or separated (identified) from other assets;
- the object is intended for use for a long time, that is, its useful life exceeds 12 months;
- it is possible to reliably determine the actual (initial) cost of the object;
- the object lacks a material form.
Intangible assets do not include expenses associated with the formation of a legal entity (organizational expenses), intellectual and business qualities of the organization’s personnel, their qualifications and ability to work (clause 4 of PBU 14/2007).
Results of research and development. Research and development expenses recorded on account 04 “Intangible assets” are reflected on line 1120.
Intangible and tangible search assets. These two indicators are given in lines numbered 1130 and 1140. They are intended for organizations - users of subsoil to reflect information on the costs of developing natural resources (PBU 24/2011 “Accounting for the costs of developing natural resources”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 6, 2011 No. 125n).
Fixed assets. For depreciable objects, the residual value of fixed assets is recorded in line 1150. If we are talking about non-depreciable property, then the line indicates its original cost. Assets classified as fixed assets must comply with the conditions of clause 4 of PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n.
Objects must be owned by the organization or have the right of operational management or economic management. It is also allowed to include property received under a leasing agreement as fixed assets if it is taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessee.
Objects subject to mandatory state registration of property rights are considered fixed assets from the moment they are registered, that is, like all other objects. The fact that documents are submitted to the appropriate authority does not matter.
In Sect. Form I of the balance sheet does not have the line “Construction in progress”.
The question arises: Which balance sheet item should be used to record expenses for the construction of real estate?
Answer: on line 1150 “Fixed assets”. This is stated in paragraph 20 of PBU 4/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n. It’s best to add the decoding line “Unfinished construction” to line 1150, according to which you can record the named expenses.
Profitable investments in material assets. Data on profitable investments in material assets corresponds to line indicator 1160. This is the residual value of property intended for rent (leasing) and accounted for on account 03. If the property was first used for production and management needs, but was later leased out, it must be reflected in a separate subaccount of account 01 as part of fixed assets. This is due to the fact that the transfer of the value of fixed assets into profitable investments and back is not provided for in accounting (Letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated May 19, 2005 No. GV-6-21/418@).
Financial investments. For long-term financial investments, that is, with a circulation period of more than a year, line 1170 is allocated (for short-term ones - line 1240 of section II “Current assets”). Investments in subsidiaries, affiliates and other companies are also shown here. Financial investments are taken into account in the amount spent on their acquisition.
The cost of own shares purchased from shareholders for resale or cancellation, and interest-free loans issued to employees are not considered financial investments (clause 3 of PBU 19/02 “Accounting for financial investments”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 10, 2002 No. 126n). For the first indicator, line 1320 is provided. The second indicator is reflected as part of accounts receivable, namely, long-term loans are shown on line 1190, short-term loans - on line 1230.
Deferred tax assets. Line 1180 “Deferred tax assets” is filled in by income tax payers. Since “simplified people” are not included in their number, it must be marked with a dash.
Other noncurrent assets. Here (line 1190) shows data on non-current assets that are not reflected in other lines of section. I balance sheet.
Section II. Current assets
Inventories. The cost of inventories is reflected on line 1210. Previously, this indicator had to be deciphered. In the current form, decryption is not required. However, it is needed if the indicators included in line 1210 are significant. In this case, you should add decryption lines, for example:- raw materials and materials;
- costs in work in progress;
- finished products and goods for resale;
- goods shipped, etc.
Accounts receivable. This line 1230 is intended for short-term receivables, that is, repayment of which is expected within 12 months after the reporting date.
Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents). For these assets, line 1240 is provided, which, in particular, shows loans provided by the organization for a period of less than 12 months.
If you are determining the current market value of financial investments, use all sources of information available to you, including data from foreign organized markets or trade organizers. Such recommendations are contained in the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 29, 2009 07-02-18/01. If at the reporting date you cannot determine the market value of a previously assessed object, reflect it at the cost of the last assessment.
Cash and cash equivalents. To fill out the line, you need to sum up the cost of cash equivalents (the balance of the corresponding subaccounts of account 58) and the balances of cash accounts (50 “Cash”, 51 “Cash accounts”, 52 “Currency accounts”, 55 “Special accounts in banks” and 57 “Transfers” on my way").
The concept of cash equivalents, we recall, is contained in the Accounting Regulations “Cash Flow Statement” (PBU 23/2011), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.02.2011 No. 11n. Cash equivalents may include, for example, demand deposits opened with credit institutions.
Other current assets. Here (line 1260) shows data on current assets that are not reflected in other lines of section. II balance.
Section III. Capital and reserves
Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners).Line 1310 of the balance sheet reflects the amount of the company's authorized capital. It must coincide with the amount of the authorized capital, which is recorded in the constituent documents of the company.
Own shares purchased from shareholders. We have already said that if an organization purchased its own shares (shares of founders) in the authorized capital not for sale, then their value is entered in line 1320. Such shares are supposed to be canceled, which automatically leads to a decrease in the authorized capital, therefore the indicator in this line is given as a negative value in brackets. But if own shares are repurchased and resold, they are already considered an asset and their value must be entered in line 1260 “Other current assets.”
Revaluation of non-current assets. This line is assigned the number 1340 (there is no indicator for line number 1330). It shows the additional valuation of fixed assets and intangible assets, which is taken into account in account 83 “Additional capital”.
Additional capital (without revaluation). The amounts of additional capital are reflected on line 1350. Note that the indicator for this line is taken without taking into account the amounts of revaluation, which should be reflected in the line above.
Reserve capital. The balance of the reserve fund is indicated on line 1360. This reflects both reserves formed as required by law and reserves created in accordance with the constituent documents. Decoding is required only if the indicators are significant.
Retained earnings (uncovered loss). Retained earnings accumulated for all years, including the reporting one, are shown in line 1370. It also reflects the uncovered loss (only this amount is enclosed in brackets).
The components of the indicator (profit (loss) for the reporting year and (or) for previous periods) can be written down in additional lines, that is, a breakdown can be made based on the financial results obtained (profit/loss), as well as for all years of the company’s activity.
Section IV. long term duties
Borrowed funds. Line 1410 is reserved for the debt of the organization itself on long-term (with a repayment period of more than 12 months as of December 31, 2015) loans and credits.Deferred tax liabilities. Line 1420 is filled in by income tax payers. “Simplers” are not included in their number, so they put a dash in this line.
Estimated liabilities. The specified line 1430 is filled in if the organization recognizes estimated liabilities in accounting in accordance with the Accounting Regulations “Estimated Liabilities, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets” (PBU 8/2010), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 13, 2010 No. 167n. Let us remind you that small businesses, which are the majority of “simplified” ones, may not apply this PBU.
Other obligations. Here (line 1450) other long-term liabilities are shown that are not reflected in other lines of section. IV balance. Please note that Order No. 66n does not provide an indicator for line 1440.
Section V. Current liabilities
Borrowed funds. Line 1510 indicates debt on short-term loans and borrowings taken out for a period of no more than 12 months. In this case, the amount should be reflected taking into account interest due at the end of the reporting period.Accounts payable. The total amount of accounts payable is recorded in line 1520. And this should only be short-term debt.
Please note that there is no separate line for debt to participants (founders) for payment of income. The amount of such debt should be included here and deciphered on a separate line, since this indicator is always significant.
Revenue of the future periods. Line 1530 is filled in when the accounting provisions provide for the recognition of this accounting object. For example, if your organization receives budget funds or targeted funding. Such funds are precisely subject to accounting as part of deferred income in accounts 98 “Deferred Income” and 86 “Targeted Financing” (clauses 9 and 20 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for State Aid” (PBU 13/2000), approved Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 16, 2000 No. 92n).
Estimated liabilities. The explanations that we gave for line 1430 apply here: line 1540 is filled out if the company recognizes estimated liabilities in its accounting. Only line 1430 reflects long-term liabilities, and line 1540 - short-term liabilities.
Other obligations. Line 1550 shows other short-term liabilities that are not reflected in other lines of section. V balance.
So, we have looked at the balance sheet items.
Now we offer a scheme, which will help determine its indicators (we denote the debit and credit balances of the accounting accounts as Dt and Kt, respectively).
- Section I “Non-current assets”
Line 1120 “Results of research and development”= Dt 04 (analytical account for accounting for R&D expenses).
Line 1130 “Intangible exploration assets”= Dt 08 (analytical account of expenses for intangible search costs).
Line 1140 “Tangible Exploration Assets”= Dt 08 (analytical account of expenses for material search costs).
Line 1150 “Fixed assets”= Dt 01 - Kt 02 + Dt 08 (analytical account of expenses for construction in progress).
Line 1160 “Profitable investments in material assets”= Dt 03 - Kt 02 (analytical account for accounting for depreciation of property related to income-generating investments).
Line 1170 “Financial investments”= Dt 58 + Dt 55, sub-account “Deposit accounts”, + Dt 73, sub-account “Settlements for loans provided” (analytical accounts for long-term financial investments), - Kt 59 (analytical account for accounting for reserves for long-term financial investments).
Line 1180 “Deferred tax assets”= Dt 09.
Line 1190 “Other non-current assets”= value of non-current assets not taken into account in other indicators Sec. I balance sheet.
Line 1100 “Total for Section I”= sum of line indicators 1110 - 1190.
- Section II "Current assets"
Line 1220 “VAT on purchased assets”= Dt 19.
Line 1230 “Accounts receivable”= Dt 62 + Dt 60 + Dt 68 + Dt 69 + Dt 70 + Dt 71 + Dt 73 (except interest-bearing loans) + Dt 75 + Dt 76 - Kt 63.
Line 1240 “Financial investments (except for cash equivalents)”= Dt 58 + Dt 55, sub-account “Deposit accounts”, + Dt 73, sub-account “Settlements for loans provided” (analytical accounts for short-term financial investments), - Kt 59 (analytical account for accounting for reserves for short-term financial investments).
Line 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents”= Dt 50 + Dt 51 + + Dt 52 + Dt 55 + Dt 57 - Dt 55, subaccount “Deposit accounts” (analytical accounts for accounting for financial investments).
Line 1260 “Other current assets”= value of current assets not included in other indicators in section. II balance sheet.
Line 1200 “Total for Section II”= sum of line indicators 1210 - 1260.
Line 1600 “Balance”= line indicator 1100 + line indicator 1200.
- Section III "Capital and reserves"
Line 1320 “Own shares purchased from shareholders”= Dt 81. Enclose the indicator in brackets.
Line 1340 “Revaluation of non-current assets”= Kt 83 (analytical account for accounting for amounts of additional valuation of fixed assets and intangible assets).
Line 1350 “Additional capital (without revaluation)”= Kt 83 (except for amounts of additional valuation of fixed assets and intangible assets).
Line 1360 “Reserve capital”= Kt 82.
Line 1370 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”= Kt 84 (Dt 84). If there is a debit balance, the indicator is negative (that is, there is a loss), enclose it in brackets.
Line 1300 “Total for Section III”= sum of indicators of lines 1310 - 1370. If the result is negative (if there are negative indicators for lines 1320 and 1370), show it in parentheses.
- Section IV “Long-term liabilities”
Line 1420 “Deferred tax liabilities”= Kt 77.
Line 1430 “Estimated liabilities”= Kt 96 (only estimated liabilities with a maturity period of more than 12 months after the reporting date).
Line 1450 “Other obligations”= long-term debt that is not included in other indicators in section. IV balance sheet.
Line 1400 “Total for Section IV”= sum of the indicators of the above lines 1410 - 1450.
- Section V “Short-term liabilities”
Line 1520 “Accounts payable”= Kt 60 + Kt 62 + Kt 76 + Kt 68 + Kt 69 + Kt 70 + Kt 71 + Kt 73 + Kt 75. In this case, take into account only short-term debt.
Line 1530 “Deferred income”= Kt 98 + Kt 86 in terms of targeted budget financing, grants, technical assistance, etc.
Line 1540 “Estimated liabilities”= Kt 96 (only estimated liabilities with a maturity date of no more than 12 months after the reporting date).
Line 1550 “Other obligations”= amounts of debt on short-term obligations not taken into account when determining other indicators Sec. V balance.
Line 1500 “Total for Section V”= sum of line indicators 1510 - 1550.
Line 1700 “Balance”= row indicators 1300 + 1400 + 1500.
If all business transactions are reflected correctly and correctly transferred to the balance sheet, the indicators of lines 1600 and 1700 will coincide. If this equality is not observed, an error has been made somewhere. Then you need to check, recalculate and adjust the entered data.
Example. Filling out the balance sheet
The LLC, registered in 2016, applies a simplified taxation system.
Balances (Kt - credit, Dt - debit) in the accounting accounts of the LLC as of December 31, 2016
| Balance | Amount, rub. | Balance | Amount, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dt 01 | 600 000 | Dt 58 | 150 000 |
| Kt 02 | 200 000 | Kt 60 | 150 000 |
| Dt 04 | 100 000 | Kt 62 (sub-account "Advances") | 505 620 |
| Kt 05 | 50 000 | ||
| Dt 10 | 10 000 | Kt 69 | 100 000 |
| Dt 19 | 10 000 | Kt 70 | 150 000 |
| Dt 43 | 90 000 | Kt 80 | 50 000 |
| Dt 50 | 15 000 | Kt 82 | 10 000 |
| Dt 51 | 250 000 | Kt 84 | 150 000 |
Based on the available data, the accountant compiled a balance sheet for 2016 in a general form:
| Explanations | Indicator name | Code | As of December 31, 2016 | As of December 31, 2015 | As of December 31, 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSETS | |||||
| I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS | |||||
| - | Intangible assets | 1110 | 50 | - | - |
| - | Research and development results | 1120 | - | - | - |
| - | Intangible search assets | 1130 | - | - | - |
| - | Material prospecting assets | 1140 | - | - | - |
| - | Fixed assets | 1150 | 400 | - | - |
| - | Profitable investments in material assets | 1160 | - | - | - |
| - | Financial investments | 1170 | 150 | - | - |
| - | Deferred tax assets | 1180 | - | - | - |
| - | Other noncurrent assets | 1190 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section I | 1100 | 600 | - | - |
| II. CURRENT ASSETS | |||||
| - | Reserves | 1210 | 107 | - | - |
| - | Value added tax on purchased assets | 1220 | 10 | - | - |
| - | Accounts receivable | 1230 | - | - | - |
| - | Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents) | 1240 | - | - | - |
| - | Cash and cash equivalents | 1250 | 265 | - | - |
| - | Other current assets | 1260 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section II | 1200 | 375 | - | - |
| - | BALANCE | 1600 | 975 | - | - |
| Explanations | Indicator name | Code | As of December 31, 2016 | As of December 31, 2015 | As of December 31, 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PASSIVE | |||||
| III. CAPITAL AND RESERVES | |||||
| - | Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners) | 1310 | 50 | - | - |
| - | Own shares purchased from shareholders | 1320 | (-) | (-) | (-) |
| - | Revaluation of non-current assets | 1340 | - | - | - |
| - | Additional capital (without revaluation) | 1350 | - | - | - |
| - | Reserve capital | 1360 | 10 | - | - |
| - | Retained earnings (uncovered loss) | 1370 | 150 | - | - |
| - | Total for Section III | 1300 | 210 | - | - |
| IV. LONG TERM DUTIES | |||||
| - | Borrowed funds | 1410 | - | - | - |
| - | Deferred tax liabilities | 1420 | - | - | - |
| - | Estimated liabilities | 1430 | - | - | - |
| - | Other obligations | 1450 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section IV | 1400 | - | - | - |
| V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES | |||||
| - | Borrowed funds | 1510 | - | - | - |
| - | Accounts payable | 1520 | 765 | - | - |
| - | revenue of the future periods | 1530 | - | - | - |
| - | Estimated liabilities | 1540 | - | - | - |
| - | Other obligations | 1550 | - | - | - |
| - | Total for Section V | 1500 | 765 | - | - |
| - | BALANCE | 1700 | 975 | - | - |
Column 4 is the only one that requires filling out by the newly created organization. This column reflects data as of December 31 of the reporting year, that is, 2016.
Column 3 is also added to indicate line codes.
Index lines 1110 The accountant defined “intangible assets” as follows: the credit balance of account 05 is subtracted from the debit balance of account 04.
In total we get 50,000 rubles. (100,000 rub. - 50,000 rub.). All values on the balance sheet are in whole thousands, so line 1110 shows 50.
The indicator of line 1150 “Fixed assets” is defined as follows: debit balance of account 01 - credit balance of account 02. Result—400,000 rubles. (600,000 rub. - 200,000 rub.). 400 is recorded in the balance sheet.
IN line 1170“Financial investments” the debit balance of the account is entered 58 - 150 thousand rubles. (that is, it is considered that all investments are long-term).
Total for summary line 1100: 827 thousand rubles. (97 thousand rubles (line 1110) + 580 thousand rubles (line 1150) + 150 thousand rubles (line 1170)).
Now it’s the turn of current assets. The value of line 1210 “Inventories” is defined as follows: debit balance of account 10 + debit balance of account 43. The result is 100 thousand rubles. (10 thousand rubles + 90 thousand rubles).
The indicator in line 1220 “Value added tax on acquired assets” is equal to the debit balance of account 19, therefore the accountant added 10 thousand rubles to the balance sheet.
Index lines 1250“Cash and cash equivalents” was found by adding the debit balance of account 50 and the debit balance of account 51. The result is 265 thousand rubles. (15 thousand rubles + 250 thousand rubles). The line contains 265.
Summary result line 1200: 378 thousand rubles. (107 thousand rubles (line 1210) + 6 thousand rubles (line 1220) + 265 thousand rubles (line 1250)).
According to the final line 1600 the sum of the indicators of lines 1100 and 1200 is shown. That is, 1205 thousand rubles. (827 thousand rubles + 378 thousand rubles).
The remaining lines of column 4 are filled with dashes.
Let's move on to the balance sheet liability. Indicator for line 1310“Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners)” is equal to the credit balance of account 80, that is, the balance sheet costs 50 thousand rubles.
Line 1360“Reserve capital” is the credit balance of account 82. In our case, it is 10 thousand rubles.
IN line 1370“Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” shows the balance of account 84. It is a credit balance. This means that the organization has a profit at the end of the year. Its value is 150 thousand rubles. There is no need to put the indicator in brackets.
The summary line indicator 1300 is equal to 210 thousand rubles. (50 thousand rubles (line 1310) + 10 thousand rubles (line 1360) + 150 thousand rubles (line 1370)).
Indicator for lines 1520“Accounts payable” (the accountant considered that all debt is short-term) is defined as follows: credit balance of account 60 + credit balance of account 62 + credit balance of account 69 + credit balance of account 70. The result is 765 thousand rubles. (150 thousand rubles + 500 thousand rubles + 100 thousand rubles + 15 thousand rubles).
IN line 1500 The accountant transferred the value from line 1520, since the other lines of section. V balance sheets were not filled out.
Final indicator lines 1700 equal to the sum of lines 1300 and 1500. The resulting value is 975 thousand rubles. (210 thousand rubles + 765 thousand rubles).
The remaining liability lines are crossed out due to the lack of relevant data.
The indicators for the total lines 1600 and 1700 are equal. In both lines the value is 975 thousand rubles.
The balance sheet is a statement that is mandatory for almost every enterprise. This document is necessary to fully reflect the processes that take place within the company, but not everyone has an idea of how to draw it up correctly. This issue is especially relevant for people who have just registered an enterprise and are faced with such a procedure for the first time. Let's look at this question in our article using an example for dummies and try to formulate a number of recommendations that can help in drawing up a balance sheet.
Balance structure
Before we begin to consider such issues, it should be noted that the balance sheet allows you to make a forecast of the development of the enterprise for the short and long term. In other words, using the balance sheet, the financial viability of the company and its economic status, the stability of the organization and the level of its interaction with other companies are determined.
The balance sheet has a certain structure. The document contains two tables. The first table is the company's assets, and the second is the liabilities:
An asset can include all the property of an enterprise that can be converted into monetary terms. The group of such assets includes: equipment, vehicles, buildings that are owned by the company. The company's assets also include amounts owed to it by other legal entities. All indicated indicators are displayed in the balance sheet in monetary terms. In other words, an asset is all the property and property that an enterprise has at its disposal.
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The asset has its own structure, within which non-current assets are indicated. This group includes the means that the enterprise uses for a long time to carry out business activities - these are buildings, structures, equipment. The second section of assets is current assets, which denote the amount of funds that are used by the company for a short period and constantly need replenishment - these are materials, inventories, raw materials:
The liability is used to display the sources of funds that are indicated in the Asset of the balance sheet. This section also has its own structure and includes the following blocks: the authorized and equity capital of the company, loans and credits, external liabilities. The three main sections are called:
- funds belonging to the company;
- the amount of long-term liabilities;
- wages and accounts payable to suppliers.
The main task in drawing up a balance is to achieve equality between these two parts. The document is drawn up according to Form 1, approved back in 2010. This form is rather a recommended document and can be modified due to the specifics of the enterprise. To make it clear how the balance is calculated, we give a simple example:
Technique and procedure for drawing up a balance sheet
The balance sheet is formed by the responsible person while filling out individual lines of the form. When filling out, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the company’s activities, as well as correctly distribute the indicators.
Both report tables include lines that indicate indicators characterizing the financial position of the company and each has a separate serial number with the name of the position.
The total amount of the asset is formed based on the entered indicators by adding them up:
The liability side of the balance sheet is filled in using the same principle:
If a zero indicator is entered in separate lines of the balance sheet, then this fact should be reflected in the accompanying documentation. When filling out, designations in thousands or millions of rubles are used. The choice of indicator is determined in the header of the form when filling out the balance:
Drawing up a balance sheet is quite simple if you have an idea of the rules for its formation, as well as take into account the features and nuances of the distribution of assets and liabilities of the company.
A balance sheet is a reporting document that identifies assets and their sources in monetary terms as of a specific date. This document consists of 2 tables:
The balance sheet is part of the accounting (financial) statements submitted annually by all commercial and non-commercial enterprises. The obligation to prepare an interim balance sheet is provided for by local regulations of organizations. An interim accounting report is submitted to regulatory state authorities in the event of liquidation of an enterprise.
How to draw up a balance sheet correctly?
Every year, without exception, all organizations, regardless of the chosen taxation regime, must submit a balance sheet to the Federal Tax Service inspection and state statistics bodies. Before preparing the report you must:
- Check the accuracy and timeliness of recording all business transactions;
- Generate balance sheets for accounts broken down by subaccounts;
- Summarize data from accounting registers and general ledger.
To reflect information in the main accounting document, thousands of rubles or millions of rubles are used. Depending on the choice of unit of measurement, the OKEI code is indicated on the title page.
Requirements for filling out the balance are presented in accordance with the rules for filling out the required details:
- Reporting period;
- Full name of the enterprise in accordance with the Charter;
- Code of the main activity;
- OPF property code;
- Units;
- Legal address;
- Approval dates.
Important: an organization can use a unified balance sheet form in its work, or it can develop its own, indicating all the required details.
The sections of the main accounting document are a table of indicators, each of which is an independent balance sheet item. All items in the balance sheet have their own code designation - line number and are calculated using the appropriate formulas:
The basic rules for drawing up a balance sheet include:
- The specified information at the beginning of the registered period must correspond to the data at the end of the previous period.
- It is impossible to offset between the amounts of asset and liability items, between indicators of financial performance, except in cases regulated by law.
- Indicators reflected in the balance sheet that require confirmation must be confirmed by data from inventory records, acts and calculations.
When drawing up a report, it is necessary to remember that the information collected in form 1 must be the same or close in value to the data reflected in other forms of financial reporting and in tax returns.
The general rules do not provide for the procedure for rounding amounts when drawing up forms 1 and forms 2, therefore the organization itself must develop a methodology and approve it by local regulations. If changes in the information contained in the balance sheet for previous periods have lost relevance not as a result of correcting errors in accounting, but as a result of changes in legislation, then there is no need to correct such indicators.
Lines that summarize data about several assets are disclosed in the notes to the document. The explanations provide background information about the analytical component of the indicators. The transcript must contain subitems and the corresponding amounts for each generalized item.
Important: the sum of all asset lines of the balance sheet must be identical to the sum of all liability lines.
Procedure for filling out balance sheet assets
Form 1 asset consists of 2 sections:
- Current assets;
- Fixed assets.
All types of property, financial assets and debts subject to collection are assets of the enterprise. Depending on the degree of liquidity, they are classified into the first or second section:
- Current assets include property that has high liquidity, i.e., something that can be sold in a short time and received funds, for example, inventory items.
- Non-current assets include property with low liquidity, the sale period of which takes a long time, for example, fixed assets.
The lines of the 1st section of the asset are calculated using the following formulas:
Important: in order for the document to contain signs of a good balance, it is necessary to have analytical information for each of the accounting accounts.
The second section of the balance sheet is filled in according to the following accounts:
Important: the amount of balances on active accounts that are not included in the general information is entered in the certificate of the presence of valuables in off-balance sheet accounts.
The procedure for filling out the liability balance
The liability of the main accounting document of a commercial organization consists of 3 sections:
- Capital and reserves;
- Long term duties;
- Short-term liabilities.
The liabilities side of the balance sheet indicates the sources of formation of the enterprise's ownership. The information reflected in it allows you to find out the total financial result of the organization’s activities for a certain period.
The amounts of the lines of the 3rd section of the balance sheet are calculated based on the following data:
The economic indicator of the financial result must be reflected in accordance with the date as of which the calculation is made:
- If during the period the profit was distributed among the founders, then only the balance after payment of dividends is taken into account.
- If retained earnings remain from the previous period, then the current year's result is added to the previous balance.
Important: the “Capital and Reserves” section reveals information about the availability of your own sources for generating wealth. The higher the valuation of capital, the more reliable the position of the enterprise.
The lines of section 4 include information:
The inclusion of debt into short-term or long-term is at the discretion of the organization itself. During the reporting period, it can transfer debts from one category to another on the basis of the provisions provided for in its accounting policies.
Important: long-term liabilities include only those debts that will not be repaid within the next 12 months.
Section 5 of the balance sheet includes the following indicators: 
Before filling out form 1, it is recommended to check with suppliers and customers to ensure that information about the availability of receivables and payables is entered correctly.
Important: compliance with the procedure for drawing up the balance sheet increases the reliability of the information reflected, which is necessary, since the financial statements reveal the financial condition of the organization as of the reporting date.
Individual organizations have the right to conduct accounting in a simplified form and create simplified financial statements. Such organizations include: small businesses, Skolkovo project organizations and non-profit organizations (except those recognized as foreign agents).
Simplified balance sheet
At the same time, small businesses can choose the form for preparing financial statements independently. They can provide reporting using both general and simplified forms. The composition of the reporting will depend on this. Thus, for small enterprises, special forms of simplified financial statements have been approved, given in Appendix 5 of Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010. The composition of simplified financial statements is as follows:
- Balance sheet;
- Income statement.
If an enterprise needs to provide any additional information, and the simplified reporting forms do not contain the required columns, then general reporting forms can be used.
Thus, small businesses decide on their own which forms to submit financial statements. The main thing is that the decision made is reflected in the accounting policy.
Requirements for filling out a simplified balance sheet
The annual balance sheet must contain data on the assets and liabilities that the organization has at the end of the reporting year, that is, as of December 31. Additionally, information on previous years is entered into the balance sheet, that is, as of December 31 of last year and as of December 31 of the year before. For example, a balance sheet prepared by an enterprise for 2017 should contain data as of December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
All last year's information is taken from last year's reports. And for indicators for the current year, information is taken from sources such as: (click to expand)
- The balance sheet for the organization as a whole for the reporting year;
- Indicators of accrued interest on credits (loans) for the reporting year.
If there is no data to fill out any balance line, it is not filled in and a dash is placed.
Procedure for filling out a simplified balance sheet
| Balance line | Accounting account |
| Assets | |
| 1150 “Tangible non-current assets” | Sum of indicators: · Account 01 “Fixed assets” minus account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” · Balance on account 07 “Equipment for installation” · Account balance 08 “Investments in non-current assets” |
| 1170 “Intangible, financial and other non-current assets” | Sum of indicators: · Account 04 “Intangible assets” minus account 05 “Amortization of intangible assets” · Balance on account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” (in relation to expenses for the development of mineral resources) · Account balance 09 “Deferred tax assets” · Account balance 58 “Financial investments” If there are no balances on these accounts, then a dash is placed |
| 1210 "Stocks" | Sum of indicators: · Account balance 10 “Materials” · Account balance 20 “Main production” · Account balance 41 “Goods” · Account balance 43 “Finished products” · Account balance 44 “Sales expenses” If other accounts are used in accounting, then Inventories are calculated according to the general rules for preparing a balance sheet |
| 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents” | Account balance amount: · 50 "Cashier" · 51 “Current accounts” · 52 “Currency accounts” · 57 “Translations on the way” |
| 1230 “Financial and other current assets” | Amount of debit balance on accounts: · 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” · 75 “Settlements with founders” Less the credit balance on account 63 “Provisions for doubtful debts” |
| 1600 Balance | Sum of indicators by row: 1150+1110+1210+1250+1240 |
| Passive | |
| 1300 "Capital and reserves" | 80 “Authorized capital” 82 “Reserve capital” 83 “Additional capital” 84 “Retained earnings” Less the amount of debit balance on accounts: 81 “Own shares (shares)” 84 “Retained earnings” |
| 1410 “Long-term borrowed funds” | Credit balance on account 67 “Settlements for long-term loans and borrowings” |
| 1450 “Other long-term liabilities” | This line is not filled in by small businesses, so a dash is placed |
| 1510 “Short-term borrowed funds” | Credit balance on account 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings” |
| 1520 “Accounts payable” | Amount of credit balance on accounts: · 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” · 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” · 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” · 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” · 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” · 70 “Payroll calculations” · 71 “Settlements with accountable persons” · 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” · 75-2 “Calculations for payment of income” |
| 1550 “Other short-term liabilities” | Account balance amount: · 98 “Deferred income” · 96 “Reserves for future expenses” · 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” |
| 1700 Balance | Sum of indicators by row: 1310+1410+1450+1510+1520+1550 |
After filling out all balance sheet terms, you need to check whether the amount of assets and liabilities of the balance sheet is equal. If equality is observed, the balance is considered to be compiled correctly, and if the amounts do not agree, then errors were made in filling out the balance.
The procedure for filling out a simplified statement of financial results
| Report line | Accounting account |
| 2110 "Revenue" | Difference of indicators: · Turnover on the credit of the “Revenue” subaccount to the “Sales” account · Turnover by debit of the “VAT” subaccount to the “Sales” account |
| 2120 “Expenses for ordinary activities” | Amount by debit of subaccounts to account 90 “Sales”, on which accounting is kept: · Cost of sales · Business expenses · Administrative expenses |
| 2330 “Interest payable” | The amount of accrued interest on loans for the current year is indicated. The indicator is indicated in brackets, no minus sign is used. |
| 2340 “Other income” | Difference of indicators: · Turnover on the credit of the subaccount “Other income” to account 91 “Other income and expenses” · Turnover on the debit of the “VAT” subaccount to account 91 “Other income and expenses” |
| 2350 “Other expenses” | Difference of indicators: · Turnover on the debit of the subaccount “Other expenses” to account 91 “Other income and expenses” · Indicator for line 2330 “Interest payable” The indicator is indicated in brackets, no minus sign is used. |
| 2410 “Profit taxes (income)” | · If an organization pays income tax, then the value of line 180 of sheet 02 of the income tax declaration is recorded · If the organization is on the simplified tax system (income), then indicate the difference in indicators on lines 133 and 143 of section 2.1.1 of the declaration according to the simplified tax system · If the organization is on the simplified tax system (income minus expenses), then indicate the indicator on line 273 of section 2.2 of the declaration under the simplified tax system. When paying the minimum tax, the indicator is indicated on line 280 of section 2.2 of the declaration according to the simplified tax system. · If the organization is on UTII, then the amount of UTII for all quarters is indicated. The indicator is indicated in brackets, no minus sign is used. |
| 2400 “Net profit (loss)” | Calculate the value as follows: page 2110 – page 2120 – page 2330 + page 2340 – page 2350 – page 2410 |
If the resulting result of “Net profit (loss)” comes out with a minus sign, then it must be written down in the report, in brackets; the minus is not indicated. If the resulting value is positive, then there is no need to put it in brackets.
The legislative framework
See table: (click to expand)