Dynamics of the US dollar exchange rate. Dynamics of the US dollar exchange rate Dollar to ruble exchange rate by month

U.S. dollar is the official currency of the United States of America. Bank code is USD. Denoted by $. 1 dollar is equal to 100 cents. The denominations of banknotes in circulation are: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 (a relatively rare banknote), 1 dollar, as well as coins of 1 dollar, 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1 cent. In addition, there are banknotes in denominations of 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000 and 100,000, which were previously used for mutual settlements within the Federal Reserve System, but have been no longer issued since 1945, and since 1969 have been officially withdrawn from circulation because They were replaced by an electronic payment system. The name of the monetary unit, according to the most common version, comes from the medieval thaler coin minted in Germany.

Traditionally, the obverse of the US dollar features images of presidents and political figures of the United States. On modern banknotes these are Benjamin Franklin - 100 dollars, Ulysses Grant - 50, Andrew Jackson - 20, Alexander Hamilton - 10, Abraham Lincoln - 5, Thomas Jefferson - 2 and George Washington - 1 dollar. The reverse side depicts historical monuments: 100 dollars - Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, 50 - the Capitol, 20 - the White House, 10 - the US Treasury, 5 - the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. The $1 bill has a special design on the back consisting of a double-sided image of the so-called Great Seal of the United States, used to authenticate government-issued documents and kept in Washington.

It is believed that to counteract the printing of counterfeit dollars, the design must be changed at least once every 7-10 years. Moreover, absolutely all US banknotes issued since 1861, when money was first issued in paper form, are legal tender in the United States.

The first decision to issue US dollars was made by Congress in 1786, and in 1792 they became the main currency of the state. Since 1796, the principle of a bimetallic monetary unit was introduced, that is, both silver and gold coins were minted. Moreover, each time, as a result of a change in the price ratio of two precious metals, either one or the other coins disappeared from circulation. Until 1857, foreign money (primarily Spanish pesos and later Mexican dollars) also served as legal tender in the United States.

In 1900, the gold standard law was passed. At this point, 1 dollar corresponded to 1.50463 grams of pure gold. In 1933, it was devalued for the first time by 41% as a result of the Great Depression. A troy ounce of gold now costs $35.

At the end of World War II, as a result of the Bretton Woods agreement, the dollar became the only monetary unit exchanged for gold, while the rates of other world currencies were pegged to the American one. At the same time, in the post-war years, the United States became the main creditor of Europe. Thus, the US dollar became the world's currency of account and took its place in the reserves of central banks.

However, by 1960, chronic US budget deficits led to the fact that the number of dollars owned by creditors around the world exceeded the size of the gold reserve. The crisis of 1969-70 complicated the situation. As a result, in 1971, the exchange of dollars for gold was finally stopped after a corresponding statement by President Richard Nixon.

During the 1970s, the dollar depreciated. The situation was aggravated by the crisis of 1975-76. In 1976, as a result of an international agreement, a new one was created - the Jamaican currency system, which finally legitimized the abandonment of gold backing of currencies.

The strengthening of the dollar in the 1980s put American manufacturers at a disadvantage relative to other countries. As a result, it was decided to devalue the dollar by cutting interest rates. And by 1991, it was possible to actually halve the exchange rate against the Japanese yen, pound and German mark.

In 1992, as a result of the fall of the British pound sterling and the crisis in Europe, the dollar rose in price by almost 30%, but from April 1993 its quotes began to decline again - until 1998, when the dollar weakened significantly against the Japanese yen - from 136 to 111 within three days. This was due to the massive repatriation of funds from Japanese investors as a result of the crisis in the markets of developing countries, including the default in Russia.

1999-2001 - a period of renewed strengthening of the US dollar, which was stopped by the Federal Reserve, which lowered interest rates to 2% in order to stimulate the economy.

The most important event for the dollar was the creation in 1999 of the single European currency, into which the central banks of many creditor countries of the United States transferred part of their reserves.

For the summer of 2011, the US dollar is quoted in the range of 1.40-1.46 dollars per euro, 76-78 Japanese yen per dollar and 1.62-64 dollars per pound.

Despite competition with the euro, today the United States currency occupies a leading place in the reserves of central banks. In addition, it remains the main settlement currency between countries in international trade, and is also the base one for payments through payment systems using plastic cards outside the European Union zone, where the euro predominates.

The US dollar is the main currency of the Forex market. Transactions take place through this currency and basic quotes are set.

Experts' opinions regarding the future of the dollar are diametrically opposed. On the one hand, many believe that the collapse of the dollar financial system is inevitable in the near future due to the huge foreign debt of the United States, the largest in the world. As of the summer of 2011, it exceeds $14.5 trillion.

On the other hand, the stability of the dollar is based on high economic indicators. The US economy ranks first in terms of gross domestic product, almost twice as fast as China, which is in second position. In addition, the high dollar exchange rate is facilitated by the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System, as well as the faith of investors who keep their assets in American currency and during crises seek to transfer them into dollars, finding refuge in US debt instruments from the elements of a market economy.

TASS DOSSIER. In 2015, the main fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate against the dollar and euro were associated with changes in oil prices. In total, at the end of the year, the Russian currency depreciated against the dollar by 29.7%, and against the euro - by 16.5%.

The fall of the ruble in January-February

As of January 1, 2015, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation set the dollar exchange rate at 56.24 rubles, the euro at 68.37 rubles. On January 13, the first day after the end of the New Year holidays, due to the continued fall in the price of oil on the world market, the Central Bank fixed the dollar exchange rate at 62.73 rubles. (growth 11.53%), euro - 74.35 rubles. (an increase of 8.74%), after which the Russian currency continued to depreciate. The peak of the ruble's fall at the beginning of 2015 occurred on February 3, when the Central Bank set the dollar exchange rate at 69.66 rubles. and euro - 78.79 rubles.

Ruble strengthening in spring and summer

The Russian currency began to strengthen at the end of February. The peak of ruble strengthening in 2015 occurred in April-May. On April 17, the euro dropped to 52.9 rubles. On May 20, the US dollar cost 49.18 rubles.

The Bank of Russia explained the strengthening of the ruble by the stabilization of world oil prices, the end of the peak of external debt payments, an increase in the key rate, a more uniform sale of foreign currency earnings by exporters, as well as the development of foreign currency refinancing instruments.

On May 14, 2015, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation began buying foreign currency on the domestic foreign exchange market for the first time since the summer of 2014 (an average of 200 million dollars and euros per day). In total, up to July 28 inclusive, the regulator bought 10 billion dollars and euros each, after which it stopped interventions.

New fall of the ruble

From early June to mid-July, oil prices were stable. The dollar exchange rate fluctuated at 52-55 rubles, and the euro - 60-62 rubles. However, the subsequent fall in oil prices, caused by investors' fears of an oversupply of oil on the market, as well as instability in the Chinese stock markets and the devaluation of the yuan on August 11, led to a weakening of the Russian currency.

A sharp drop in ruble exchange rates occurred on August 24 following a drop in Brent oil prices below $50 per barrel. On August 25, 2015, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation set the dollar exchange rate at 70.75 rubles. (for the first time in history the rate of 70 rubles was exceeded), the euro - 81.15 rubles.

In September-November, the American currency exchange rate stabilized at 65-67 rubles, and in mid-October it even dropped to 61.1 rubles.

The euro exchange rate also dropped below 80 rubles on August 27. In September it cost 73-76 rubles, and in October-November - 69-70 rubles.

The largest exchange rate fluctuations in a year

The lowest dollar and euro exchange rates in 2015 were recorded on May 20 (RUB 49.18) and April 17 (RUB 52.9), respectively. The highest dollar and euro exchange rates were December 31 (RUB 72.92) and August 25 (RUB 81.15), respectively.

With the exception of the depreciation of the ruble at the opening of trading after the end of the New Year holidays in 2015, the largest daily drops in the official exchange rate against the dollar were recorded on February 6 (by 4.83%, 3.16 rubles) and April 22 (by 4.83%). 76%, 2.45 rub.). At the same time, the Russian currency grew the most against the dollar on April 24 (by 3.83%, 2.05 rubles) and February 7 (by 3.74%, 2.57 rubles). In relation to the euro, the largest falls in the ruble were recorded on August 25 (by 5.85%, 4.48 rubles) and June 5 (by 4.79%, 2.83 rubles), the strongest growth was on January 24 (by 5.1%, 3.87 rubles) and April 24 (by 4.5%, 2.59 rubles).

Current rate

On January 1, 2016, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation set the official dollar exchange rate at 72.93 rubles. (absolute record), euro - 79.64 rubles.

The dollar exchange rate against the ruble is updated daily. If you buy or sell currency, then you simply need to monitor the dynamics of the US dollar against the ruble.

US dollar exchange rate chart

This chart allows you to analyze the value of the dollar at the Central Bank exchange rate and its changes over time. Frequent data updates will allow you to be aware of any movements in the market.

You can select a period for analysis. It could be:

  • a week,
  • month,
  • quarter,
  • all the time (from July 1992 to the present).

To do this, just click on the corresponding label - the graph will be automatically rebuilt.

Export and print graphs

Days on the chart are displayed as bold dots. When you hover your cursor over such a point in a pop-up window, you will see the date and the exact dollar exchange rate for this date at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. In addition, the chart can be moved left and right, thereby selecting the period before and after the displayed one.

The second most popular currency in Russia is the euro. You can see it on the website as a graph.

Dynamics of the dollar exchange rate in 2015

Dynamics of the dollar exchange rate in 2015 chart

At the beginning of the year (January 13, 2015), the dollar started at 62.74 rubles. By the end of spring it dropped to 49 rubles per dollar, but in the summer it began to rise again. At the end of August, the values ​​approached 71 rubles, at the beginning of autumn there was a slight decline to 61 rubles, and then, until the end of the year, the dollar exchange rate increased. The year 2015 ended with a price of 72 rubles 88 kopecks per dollar (as of December 31, 2015).

On January 1, 1998, as a result of redenomination, the dollar began to cost 5 rubles 96 kopecks. A day earlier, its price was 1000 times higher - 5,960 rubles.