Sergey works as a doctor. Sergey works as a dance doctor
School stage of the All-Russian
Schoolchildren's Olympics
In social studies
Academic year
Tasks
Part A: Choose the correct answer.
A1. Production costs, labor market, competition characterize the sphere
society
1) economic
2) social
3) political
4) spiritual
A 2. Which of the following examples illustrates interpersonal communication?
1) The head of state addresses citizens in the media.
2) Doctors listen to the report of the Minister of Health.
3) Friends met after a quarrel, found out its reasons and made peace.
4) Representatives of trade unions discuss the organization of the meeting.
A 3. Sergey works as a doctor. He is an honest and decent person. In free
He plays in a music group and practices in a ballroom studio.
dancing. All this characterizes Sergei as
1) comrade
2) individual
3) personality
4) employee
A 4. Are the following judgments about society true?
A. Society is part of nature.
B. The structure of society distinguishes spheres of public life.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A 5. Tenth grader Violetta won the prestigious children's
acting competition. She is also involved in children's vocal
studios. What level of education is Violetta?
1) initial general
2) basically general
3) average overall
4) secondary professional
A 6. Personality as opposed to the individual:
a) is a biosocial being;
b) characterized by unique appearance features;
c) has certain desires and aspirations;
d) is able to influence society.
A 7. Initiative independent economic activity of a person,
Carried out at your own risk within the framework of the law, aimed at obtaining
Profits are called
1) entrepreneurship
2) reforming
3) production
4) creativity
A 8. What social role can both adolescents and adults play?
People?
1) consumer
2) voter
3) high school student
4) driver
A 9. State power is exercised
1) university rector
2) Chairman of the Government
3) leader of the opposition party
4) Chairman of the Central Bank
A10. The state budget is...
1) plan of state revenues and expenditures for the year;
2) the amount of money in the account with the Central Bank, actually collected
by the government for the year;
3) the amount of money available to the government;
4) the total amount of all revenues to the state treasury for the year.
A11. . An example of communication is not:
1) the audience applauds the singer after the performance;
2) the superior gives instructions to the subordinate;
3) two friends are talking about personal problems;
4) a person conducts a mental conversation with the hero of the book he read.
Part B.
IN 1. On what principle is the series formed? Name the concepts common to
The following terms combine them.
a) Condemnation, boycott, certificate of commendation, honorary title, prize.
b) Bourgeoisie, class; kshatriyas, caste; nobility,......
AT 2. Fill in the blank in the row.
a) Production, ………, distribution, consumption.
b) Crimes of minor gravity, up to two years in prison, crimes
moderate, …………, grave crimes, no more than 10 years, especially grave, more
Q 3. What is EXTRA in the row? UNDERLINE the extra word and EXPLAIN why you decided so.
A). Republic, monarchy, federation.
b). Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism.
AT 4. Read the given text, each position of which is marked with a letter.
(A) Instincts and reflexes are inherent in both humans and animals. (B) It is believed that a person needs to be aware of what exactly he needs in order to satisfy his needs. (B) This is a purely human quality, not inherent in animals.
Determine which text provisions
1) reflect the facts
2) express opinions
Write down in the table the numbers indicating the nature of the relevant provisions.
| A | B | IN |
AT 5. All the concepts listed below, with the exception of one, belong to the category of “state budget revenues”.
Excise taxes, sales tax, customs duty,
. Find and indicate a concept that “falls out” from this series.
AT 6. Find the global problems of humanity in the list provided. Write down the numbers under which they are recorded:
1) globalization of the world economy.
2) the threat of nuclear war;
3) lack of Internet;
4) limited resources;
5) increase in the number of single-parent families;
6) development of mass culture;
7) environmental pollution;
Part C.
C1. Solve problems(when solving these problems you you can refer to the numbers of articles of the law, but do it not necessary).
Analyze this situation.
Citizen N. purchased from LLC Y a dough mixer manufactured by the company Z. On the second day after purchase, he discovered that the dough mixer was not working. N. approached LLC “Y” with a claim regarding the quality of the product, in which he demanded that the dough mixer he purchased be replaced with a similar product of proper quality. LLC "Y" refused to satisfy N.'s claims, citing the fact that the seller is not responsible for the quality of the goods, but the manufacturer is responsible for it, and recommended that he contact the representative office of the company "Z" with this claim. Is the refusal justified? To whom and what demands did N. have the right to make?
C2.Competency in writing social science terms
Final test in social studies, in 8th grade.
"1. Option"
1. Option
1. Scientists define society as
1. the entire material world in the variety of its forms
2. a set of natural and social forces
3. natural conditions of human existence
4. a part of the material world isolated from nature, including ways of interaction between people
2. What relates to the economic sphere of society
1. organization of political power 2. production of material goods
3. development and adoption of laws 4. holding the festival
3. Sergey works as a doctor. He is an honest and decent person. In his free time, he plays sports and reads books. All this characterizes Sergei as
3. employee 4. friend
4. Are the following judgments about the global problems of humanity true?
A. Global problems are conditions that threaten the destruction of all humanity.
B. Global problems can be solved through the efforts of several of the richest and most developed countries
1. true A 2. true B
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
5. Anna is a student, she studies well, is involved in social activities and is interested in politics. They want to become a politician, gain recognition and respect from their peers. In its activities there is a need
1. spiritual 2. social
3. prestigious 4. existential
6. What social role do adolescents and adults play?
1. driver 2. patient 3. caregiver 4. employee
7. The country of M specializes in agricultural production, the land belongs to rural communities, and subsistence farming predominates. What type of society is this?
1. traditional 2. industrial
3. post-industrial 4. primitive
8. Country Y. It is a producer of information products and high technologies, its culture is part of the world cultural space. What type of society is this?
1. capitalist 2. industrial
3. post-industrial 4. traditional
9. Name the characteristic of a traditional society.
1. the predominance of science over religion 2. society is divided into classes
3. class division of society 4. mass culture predominates
A. American sociologist A. Toffler developed the doctrine of the consistent development of society through the change of five socio-economic formations
B. German economist K. Marx developed the idea of post-industrial society; he identified three stages of social development (traditional, industrial, post-industrial)
1. true A. 2. true B
3. both judgments are correct. 4. both judgments are incorrect
A. In a traditional society, the church influences education and upbringing
B. In an industrial society, the service sector predominates
1. true A 2. true B
12. What illustrates the economy as an economy?
1. forecasting demand for goods 2. studying real GDP
3. release of a new car model 4. explanation of the causes of inflation
13. A distinctive feature of a market economy is
1. solving basic economic issues
2. state ownership of the means of production
3. competition between manufacturers
4. subsistence nature of the economy
14. Direct taxes include
1. excise tax 2. land tax
3. customs duty 4. sales tax
15. The state of the market when 3-4 large companies operate on it is called
16. Unemployment that occurs during an economic downturn is called
1. frictional 2. cyclical 3. seasonal 4. structural
17. Social groups identified according to ethnic characteristics include
1. Europeans 2. Hungarians 3. workers 4. youth
18. A large social group that differs from others in terms of income and attitude to the means of production is called
1. class 2. caste 3. estate 4. stratum
19. Are the following statements about social mobility true?
A. Horizontal social mobility, promotes career growth
B. Vertical social mobility can only be upward
1. true A 2. true B
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
20. The ethnic community that arises with the advent of the state, preceding the nation, is called
1. class 2. stratum
3. nationality 4. nation
Signs: Types of society:
A. predominance of natural economy 1. Industrial
B. the emergence of mass culture 2. Post-industrial
B. the great role of science in production 3. Traditional
D. predominance of the rural population
D. the leading role of information
A. central planning 1. Command
B. subsistence farming 2. Market
B. competition among producers 3. Traditional
D. state property
D. ancestral property
A. profit 1. Land
B. rent 2. Labor
B. interest 3. Capital
D. intensity 4. Entrepreneurship
D. main and reverse
A. blacks, men, old people 1. Political
B. teachers, doctors, drivers 2. Demographic
B. liberals, communists, democrats 3. Professional
G. Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians 4. Ethnic
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"2. Option"
Final test in social studies. 8th grade
Option 2
1. Scientists use the term “society” to describe
1. results of human activity 2. natural habitat
3. all of humanity 4. all of the material world
2. Which of the following terms are used primarily when describing the social sphere of society?
1. artistic image, creativity, art
2. state, parties, elections
3. production, consumption, exchange
4. estates, classes, strata
3. Vasily is a strong and dexterous man, he is durable, has sharp vision and quick reaction. These qualities characterize him (as)
1. individuality 2. personality
3. individual 4. person
4. Are the following judgments about personality true?
A. The formation of a person can be influenced by his immediate environment.
B. Basic personality traits are biologically inherited from parents
1. true A 2. true B.
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
5. Maxim is a creative person, he is interested in philosophy and is interested in religious issues. In his activities there is a need
1. social 2. existential
3. spiritual 4. physiological
6. What social status is prescribed?
1. student 2. Russian
3. engineer 4. driver
7. In country M, urbanization is underway, cities are growing, the main income comes from factory production, classes are being replaced by classes (the proletariat and the bourgeoisie). What type of society are we talking about?
1. post-industrial 2. feudal
3. communist 4. industrial
8. In country A. the main role is played by the church, society is divided into classes, the majority of the population is engaged in agriculture. What type of society are we talking about?
1. traditional 2. industrial
3. communist 4. primitive
9. Name the characteristic of an industrial society
1. the leading role of agriculture 2. the emergence of mass culture
3. production automation 4. the leading role of information
10. Are the following judgments about the typology of society correct?
A. Karl Marx, considered communism to be the highest stage of development of human society
B. Toffler and Bell were the first to use the term post-industrial society
1. true A. 2. true B.
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
11. Are the following judgments about society true?
A. Traditional society is characterized by class division and the predominance of the service sector
B. In an industrial society, the urban population is larger than the rural population
1. true A 2. true B
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
12. What illustrates economics as a science?
1. forecasting labor demand 2. opening a chain of stores
3. stock trading in shares 4. payment of interest on the loan
13. A distinctive feature of a command economy is
1. variety of forms of ownership
2. government pricing
3. private property
4. non-interference of the state in the economy
14. Indirect taxes include
1. income tax 2. land tax
3. customs duty 4. transport tax
15. The state of the market when there is only one producer of goods and services on it is called
1. monopoly 2. monopsony 3. oligopoly 4. competition
16. Unemployment, which as a result of progress in certain industries, is called
1. cyclical 2. frictional 3. structural 4. seasonal
17. Social groups distinguished by demographic characteristics include
1. scientists 2. climbers 3. townspeople 4. children
18. A social group that has rights and obligations established by law or custom that are inherited is called
1. class 2. estate 3. caste 4. stratum
19. Are the following judgments about social status true?
A. Social status is a pattern of behavior prescribed for a person occupying a certain position in society
B. Prescribed status depends on a person's efforts
1. true A 2. true B
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
20. The highest ethnic community that arises during the formation of a single economic and cultural space is called
1. stratum 2. nation
3. nationality 4. class
21. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of society.
Signs: Types of society:
A. predominance of high technology 1. Industrial
B. class division of society 2. Post-industrial
B. urban population growth 3. Traditional
G. leading industry: mechanical engineering
D. low social mobility
22. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of economic systems.
Signs: Types of economic systems:
A. market mechanism of supply and demand 1. Command
B. communal land tenure 2. Market
B. state monopoly 3. Traditional
D. variety of forms of ownership
D. ancestral property
23. Establish a correspondence between characteristics and factors of production
Signs: Factors of production:
A. organizational skills 1. Land
B. productivity 2. Labor
B. financial resources 3. Capital
D. mineral deposits 4. Entrepreneurship
D. wages
24. Establish a correspondence between social groups and their types
Social Groups: Types of Social Groups:
A. teenagers, women, children 1. Religious
B. lawyers, economists, firefighters 2. Demographic
B. Christians, Buddhists, Muslims 3. Political
D. liberals, conservatives, socialists 4. Professional
View document contents
"Keys"
Final test in social studies. 8th grade.
The work consists of 24 tasks taken from the open bank of FIPI tasks, compiled for preparation for the OGE in social studies. Tasks 1-20 are scored 1 point, tasks 21,22, 23, 24 are scored 2 points, with one error 1 point is given. Maximum points: 28
28-26 points – score 5 (excellent)
25-20 points – score 4 (good)
19- 14 points – score 3 (satisfactory)
| Tasks No. | Option 1 | Option 2 |
Option #1
A1. 1. Which of the following terms relate primarily to the description of the political sphere of society? 1) family, social communities
2) scientific research, education
3) costs, profits of companies
4) electoral system, state sovereignty
A2. What example illustrates the influence of natural factors on the life of society?
1) adoption of legislation on nature protection
2) cleaning the park area from household waste
3) soil pollution with industrial waste
4) crop loss during the summer drought
A3. Sergey works as a doctor. He is an honest and decent person. In his free time, he plays in a music group and practices in a ballroom dance studio. All this characterizes Sergei as
1) comrade 2) individual 3) person 4) employee
A4. Are the following statements about interpersonal conflicts correct?
A. The cause of conflicts between people is often the lack of ability to listen to another person.
B. The most effective ways to resolve interpersonal conflicts include cooperation
4) both judgments are incorrect
A5. 5-year-old Maxim attends kindergarten. Grandma takes Maxim to classes at the choir studio. What stage of education is Maxim at?
1) preschool education
2) primary general education
3) basic general education
4) secondary general education
A6. Are the following statements about religion true?
A. Religion prescribes certain rules of behavior for believers.
B. Religion influences the formation of the worldview of believers.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are incorrect
A7. The store's range of products has expanded significantly. What economic phenomenon is reflected in this fact?
1) supply 2) demand 3) shortage
4) inflation
A8. The state finances the health care system. What economic function does the state perform in this case?
1) filling the state budget
2) legal regulation of the economy
3) regulation of the money supply in circulation
4) production of public goods
A9. The employees of the company “Bulochka”, engaged in confectionery production, are the owners. What additional information allows us to conclude that this is a joint stock company?
1) The company produces new products every year.
2) Workers receive salaries
3) Employees treat property with care
4) Employees receive dividends from the securities of this enterprise.
A10. Are the following statements about the economy true?
A. The economy provides people with material goods.
B. Economics is the study of how society allocates scarce resources.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are incorrect
A11. What social role can both adolescents and adults play?
1) consumer
2) voter
3) high school student
4) driver
A12. Members of A.’s family visit the supermarket together every Sunday and buy the necessary products for the week. What function of the family is demonstrated in this example?
1) educational
2) household
3) primary social control
4) social status
A13. Are the following statements about social conflict true?
A. The conflict between parents and children is always political in nature.
B. A strike by workers in a particular industry is an example of social conflict.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true
4) both judgments are incorrect
A14. State Z is divided into counties on a territorial basis. County heads are appointed by the state government. Counties do not have their own constitutions. What is the form of government of country Z?
| 1) federal state |
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| 2) republic |
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| 3) monarchy |
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| 4) unitary state A15. In state Z, elections were held in which about half of the citizens with the right to vote took part. What information will allow us to conclude that the elections were democratic in nature?
|
Part B
When completing tasks with a short answer (B1 - B5) the answer must be written in the place indicated in the text of the task.
IN 1 During the lesson, the teacher talked about interpersonal conflicts and ways to resolve them constructively. Compare two ways to resolve conflict: competition and compromise. Select and write down the ordinal numbers of similarity traits in the first column of the table, and the ordinal numbers of differences in the second column.
1) participants partially renounce their interests
2) some participants strive to dominate other participants in the conflict
3) a certain way of behavior of participants in an interpersonal conflict
4) participants are looking for ways to resolve interpersonal conflict
Write down the selected numbers in the table.
| A | B | IN | G | D |
| AT 3. Read the text below, each position of which is marked with a letter. (A) It is unlikely that society will ever cease to need the development of legislation. (B) Dozens of bills are being developed and considered simultaneously in the State Duma. (B) As the analysis shows, changes in legislation reflect changes in the socio-economic and political conditions of the development of society. Determine which text provisions 1) reflect facts 2) express opinions |
||||
Write down in the table the numbers indicating the nature of the relevant provisions.
| A | B | IN |
AT 4. Scientists studied the opinions of residents of country Z. Adult citizens with different levels of education were asked the question: “How should home and work be combined in the life of a modern woman?”
The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are presented in the form of a diagram.
Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
combining a career with household chores is more popular among respondents with higher education than among respondents with secondary education.
4) The opinion that after the birth of a child a woman should leave work is more popular among respondents with higher education than among respondents with secondary education.
5) Among those who have received higher education, the opinion that the combination of work and family responsibilities gives a woman independence and the opportunity to achieve equal success with a man is more popular than the opinion that after the birth of a child a woman should leave work.
AT 5. The survey results, reflected in the diagram, were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follows from the information obtained during the survey? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) In country Z, most citizens have secondary education.
2) In country Z, women do not have the opportunity to constantly combine work and family responsibilities.
3) The ideal of a woman who devotes herself to raising a child is closer to people with secondary education.
4) Men from country Z try to avoid competition with women in the professional sphere.
5) Raising a child is much more important for many people than professional fulfillment.
Part C
For answers to tasks with a detailed answer (C1 - C6) use a separate sheet (form). First write down the number of the task (C1, etc.), and then the answer to it.
Read the text Andcomplete tasks C1 - Sat.
The expansion of direct democracy implies increased demands on the population. After all, only a person with some level of education can consciously discuss various difficult issues. This concerns the level of citizenship, desire and willingness to be actively involved in the life of society. Today in many countries, including old respectable democracies, the population is tired and disillusioned with political life and politicians. This has led to the emergence of a strange phenomenon called "contemplative democracy", where people look at the political life in their country, but are not deeply interested in what is happening and do not actively participate in it.
Today in many countries people are not enthusiastic about taking part in the political life of the country as citizens. They just want to live quietly inside their own little world. They don't want to waste time delving into political discussions; they are tired of politics. At the same time, it cannot be said that they were not interested in democracy. They would not like the establishment of a dictatorship, they like the democratic system, they just do not want to participate too actively in it. In most cases, the level of education of these people is very high, but their level of civic engagement is extremely low.
On the contrary, in other countries where the majority of the population has a very low level of education, such as India, people are extremely active politically, want to vote and have a possible influence on the political life of society. So this is not only a question of educational level.
(Interview with M. Wiework, text adapted)
Option #1
C1. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
C3. What are the reasons for the low political activity of citizens in countries
with developed democracy does the author highlight? (Give two such reasons.)
C4. What allows a person to show his civic position and what are the ways to form such a position? Using the content of the text, knowledge of the course, personal social experience, name three possible manifestations of civic position and indicate any two ways of its formation.
C5. In the democratic state Z, in the parliamentary elections held
in conditions of low voter turnout, the majority was won by the party that came out with demands to limit the voting rights of certain categories of citizens. Based on social science knowledge, give two explanations of what consequences this situation could lead to. Provide a fragment of text that indicates the reasons for the current
in country Z situation.
Diagnostic work No. 1
Option No. 2
A1. What area of social life does the creation of material wealth belong to?
1) economic
2) social
3) political
4) spiritual
A2. Which example illustrates the interaction between society and nature? 1) opening of the exhibition “Man and Nature”
2) preparing a biology teacher for a lesson
3) adoption of environmental legislation 4) performance by an environmental scientist in a popular TV show
A3. What characterizes a person as a person?
1) type of temperament
2) appearance features
3) belonging to a certain race
4) qualities manifested in communication
A4. Are the following statements about society and nature true?
A. In the process of influencing nature, man transforms it.
B. Society uses nature as the most important source of economic resources.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A5. Anna studies in the 8th grade of a comprehensive school. Additionally, she attends music lessons in guitar class at the Children's Creativity Center. What level of education is Anna at? 1) higher professional education
2) basic general education
3) secondary vocational education
4) secondary general education
A6. Are the following judgments about the role of science in the modern world true?
A. Science helps a person systematize knowledge about the world around him.
B. Science strives for the reliability of the results obtained.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A7. What distinguishes a market economy from other types of economic systems is
1) dominance of state ownership of the means of production
2) planned farming
3) centralized distribution of resources
4) free pricing
A8. Which tax is direct?
1) personal income tax
2) value added tax
3) excise tax on chocolate and cocoa beans
4) customs duty on imported car
A9. The employees of the Ivushka company are its owners. What additional information would allow us to conclude that “Ivushka”
1) The company took out a loan from the bank to develop production.
2) Employees receive dividends from the company's securities they hold.
3) Income is distributed among employees.
4) The company pays taxes on time.
A10. Are the following statements about wages correct?
A. The size of the salary is affected by the qualifications of the employee.
B. Wages always depend on the length of the working day.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A11. The behavior expected from a person that corresponds to his social status is called
1) social status
4) public prestige
A12. Peter lives with his parents and grandmother. He is in 8th grade. What characteristic is characteristic of both the family and the school class as small groups?
1) commonality of everyday life
2) joint farming
3) consanguinity
4) direct personal contacts
A13. Are the following statements about deviant behavior correct?
A. Possible causes of deviant behavior include a person’s character traits, his perception of the world, and life goals.
B. Possible causes of deviant behavior include the influence of the immediate social environment and the person’s living conditions.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A14. The bearer of state power is
| 1) president of a financial company |
| 2) chairman of the public fund |
| 3) leader of the opposition party 4) head of the cabinet of ministers |
| A15. In State Z, members of parliament can invite any minister to their meeting with a report on their work. In turn, the government has the right to appeal to the Constitutional Court to determine whether a law adopted by parliament complies with the country's constitution. The president can dismiss the government. The listed facts indicate that in state Z |
Explanation.
Natural conditions determine the agricultural specialization of individual regions. for example, reindeer herding in the Far North.
Correct answer: 1.
Source: State Academy of Social Studies 05/31/2013. Main wave. Option 1302.
Source: State Academy of Social Studies 05/31/2013. Main wave. Siberia, Far East. Option 1305.
15. In the country Z The government is implementing health care reform. The interaction of which spheres of social life is primarily illustrated by this example?
1) economic and political
2) political and social
3) spiritual and economic
4) economic and social
Task 3 No. 220
Explanation.
Traditionally, there are four main spheres of public life:
1) social (peoples, nations, classes, sex and age groups, social security of citizens, etc.);
2) economic (productive forces, production relations);
3) political (state, parties, socio-political movements);
4) spiritual (religion, morality, science, art, education).
Correct answer: 2.
Source: State Academy of Social Studies 05/31/2013. Main wave. Option 1324.
Source: State Academy of Social Studies 05/31/2013. Main wave. Option 1321.
1) cause and effect
2) truth and knowledge
3) feelings and mind
4) honor and dignity
Task 3 No. 313
Explanation.
Morality is an internal attitude of a person - in contrast to morality, which (along with the law) is only an external requirement for the behavior of an individual.
In a narrower sense, morality is the internal attitude of an individual to act in accordance with his conscience and free will - in contrast to morality, which, along with the law, is an external requirement for the behavior of an individual.
Correct answer: 4.
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, option 1.
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, option 3.
7. What is the hallmark of global problems?
1) affect all humanity
2) have no solutions
3) lead to negative consequences
4) belong to the economic sphere
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, option 2.
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, option 4.
18. In the country of Vietnam, high-tech industries are actively developing, and revolutionary changes have occurred in the field of mass communications. Computers and robotics are used in production and in everyday life. The level of education of the population is very high. What type of society is V.?
1) traditional
2) industrial
3) agricultural
4) informational
Task 3 No. 468
Explanation.
The main types of societies (civilizations): traditional or agrarian-craft, industrial and post-industrial or information.
In a traditional or agrarian-craft society, land is the basis of the economy, family organization, politics, culture, and all life. In this society, a simple division of labor prevails; there are several clearly defined social classes: nobility, clergy, warriors, slave owners, slaves, helots, landowners, peasants. It is characterized by a strictly authoritarian system of power.
An industrial society is characterized by large machine production, a developed and complex system of division of labor with strong specialization, and mass production of market-oriented goods. The consequence of this is the high development of means of transport and communications, a high degree of mobility of the population and its urbanization. Mass production, designed for mass consumption, transfers the assembly line organization of the production of material goods from the economic subsystem of society and to its other spheres, including culture; the printing industry and the media industry are created (newspapers, magazines, radio, television) , cinemas, porn industry, etc.
Such a society is being replaced by a post-industrial or information society. the symbol becomes the computer. Mass production of goods is being replaced by demassified products, produced quickly, to order, according to the interests and needs of certain groups or buyers and even individuals. New types of industrial production are emerging: radio-electronic industry, petrochemicals, semiconductors, biotechnology, space stations; . The role of knowledge is sharply increasing, as a result of which the proletariat of an industrial society is being replaced by “cognitariat”, i.e. workers who are able to work efficiently using deep knowledge of increasingly complex and varied information. There is a widespread use of computer and communication tools, which are not only the embodiment of the new economy, but also a universal productive force.
Correct answer: 4.
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, version 6.
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, version 12.
19. Fragmentary improvements were made in the economic and social spheres in the state of Persia, but there was no fundamental change in the socio-economic situation in the country. What type of social progress are these changes?
1) technical progress
2) cultural progress
3) revolution
4) reform
Task 3 No. 685
Explanation.
Reform (French reforme, from Latin reformo - transform), transformation, change, reorganization of a person. sides of societies. life (orders, institutions, institutions), without destroying the foundations of the existing social structure.
Correct answer: 4.
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, version 13.
Source: Model test items in social studies. A. Yu. Lazebnikova, O. A. Kotova, E. N. Kalacheva - 2013, version 18.
20. Sergey works as a doctor. He is an honest and decent person. In his free time, he plays in a music group and practices in a ballroom dance studio. All this characterizes Sergei as
1) comrade
2) individual
3) personality
4) employee
Task 3 No. 945
Explanation.
Personality is a concept developed to reflect the social nature of a person, consider him as a subject of sociocultural life, define him as a bearer of an individual principle, self-revealing in the contexts of social relations.
Correct answer: 3.
21. During the lesson, the teacher talked about how there are many different religious beliefs in the world. Compare world and national (nation-state) religions.
Select and write down the ordinal numbers of similarities in the first column of the table, and the ordinal numbers of differences in the second column:
1) an integral part of the culture of one people;
2) the presence of a cult, rituals, religious traditions;
3) distribution on all continents, in most countries of the world;
4) belief in supernatural forces.
Task 21 No. 176
Explanation.
A world religion is a religion that has spread among the peoples of various countries and continents. Unlike national and nation-state religions, in which the religious connection between people coincides with ethnic and political ties (for example, Hinduism, Confucianism, Shintoism, Judaism), world or supranational religions unite people of a common faith, regardless of their ethnic, linguistic or political connections. In addition, when considering religion as a world religion, its influence on the course of history and the scale of its spread are taken into account.
Similarities: 2); 4).
Differences: 1) an integral part of the culture of one people (only for national ones); 3) distribution on all continents, in most countries of the world (only for global ones).
Correct answer: 2413.
22. Match the forms of democracy with the examples: for each element given in the first column, select an element from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers under the corresponding letters in the answer line.
| A | B | IN |
Read the text. Analyze statistics and complete tasks
In 2000, 2005 and 2009, a sociological survey was conducted in country Z. It was proposed to answer the question: “On what does human well-being depend to a greater extent?” The obtained comparative data (in%) are presented in the table.